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The aim of this study was to explore skills that a teacher needs in order to apply ICT in education. This study is a descriptive - survey research. The data were collected through Delphi method. Ten experts in the field of new technologies, IT teachers in the ICDL Iran institute, informants in the Smart School project, 25 teachers working in smart schools with at least 5 years of experience in developing and implementing content were invited for participation in the research. At the first stage, experts prioritized items, giving each item a weight taking into considerations factors such as importance, necessity and priority of the item for the teacher inside the classroom. They also carried out two tests, i.e. Friedman test and Spearman's coefficient of agreement. Thus, the level of agreement between ten expert participants and validity of the priorities as set by the entire group of participants was determined. At the second phase, after applying the priorities, in order to achieve maximum consensus, items were again handed to the participants, resulting in a 95/48 percent agreement. The findings showed an increase in means and standard deviation in the second phase, indicating convergence among the participants. Results showed that all the correlation coefficients are significant at 1% alpha, which shows the validity of each component and high agreement. With the contribution of experts, ICT application skills were divided into general and specialized skills, while competency was divided into three components: cognitive, functional and emotional.

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Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the situation of homeschooling in Iranian system of education. The results of this study derived from a qualitative research performed in 2012. The research population was selected by snowball method. The participants were interviewed. The interviews were semi-structured. The concepts in each interview were extracted. The study showed that all parents in the sample come from middle and upper-middle class of the Iranian society and are highly educated. Participants’ involvement in the education of their children and risk-taking in this regard was high. They didn’t have a positive view toward the formal system of education, but their decision for homeschooling their children were mostly educational, not ideological. They consider the formal system of education as a unilateral system, which destroys the creativity of children, merely emphasizes memorization, and neglects some subject like sport, English language, music and arts. According to them, school is a closed space where everybody should take a seat, just listen and hide their real personality. The Iranian homeschooling method is not limited to the textbooks and carries on mostly in natural space. It is mainly based on short-term skills, is not time-bounded and is flexible like its global counterparts. The findings show that this kind of education has increased parents’ relationship with themselves and their children. Their children are self-adjusted and independent in learning. However, because of the novelty of this kind of education, and its non-legal state, it is not accepted by the society at this stage. Occasionally, the homeschooling children and their parents confront several different challenges including mocking, anxiety about the future of their children etc.
 

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Abstract: In the first part of this study, first a brief introduction of problem posing was present and then, some frameworks and classifications of problem posing were reviewed. In the second part of the study the research that has been conducted in Iran was introduced. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with experimental and control groups which aimed to investigate the impact of fostering mathematics problem posing skills on 8th grade students’ ability to solve mathematical problems. The findings of the first part showed that problem posing skills was associated with problem solving ability, creativity and divergent thinking, and they improved each other. Problem posing process also could be used as a tool to gain a greater awareness of what's going on in the minds of students. T-test analysis of the second part of paper showed that doing problem posing activities in the classroom made a significant difference in students' problem solving skills.    

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The aim of this research is to study the components of creativity in elementary school curricula. The research method used in this research is content analysis. The information source of this research is the 6th Grade Mathematics textbook in the academic year 1391-92. To achieve face validity, the viewpoints of the educationalists and experts were used in this research, and to achieve reliability, according to Pearson’s formula of correlation, the agreement coefficient of 0/89 was derived from the codification board. The tool of this research is the content analysis form with regard to Plsek’s teaching creativity model. A coded form was used to analyze the content of 6th Grade Mathematics textbook this task was accomplished in four stages: at the first stage, active and inactive units of the textbook were specified. At the second stage, the inactive units were deleted. At the third stage, the active Units were coded based on the parameters of Plsek’s guided cycle of creativity, and at the fourth stage, data resulted from the research were analyzed by using Shannon Entropy analysis method and the descriptive statistics methods. The findings indicate that the degree of attention and involvement parameters of Plsek’s creativity model and the coefficient degree of importance for each parameters are very low, and so the contents of 6^th grade mathematics textbook are nor adapted to the Plsek’s creativity principles and it hardly can be effective in generating and fostering creativity in learners.

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Abstract: The present research aimed at developing and validating a conceptual model for narrowing the gap between intended, implemented, and attained curricula in the public education system in Iran. Two fundamental questions guided this investigation: what model can be developed to reduce the gap between the three mentioned curricula? To what extent does the proposed model gain the approval? The research enjoyed a mixed method, in which different techniques, such as reviewing documents and inferring were employed to formulate the proposed model. Based on identifying the main factors of the gap.Therefore, the structure of this model was placed into 7 categories: theoretical foundations, desirable features of its curriculum, philosophy, purpose, direction, principles, method of which the gap can be narrowed. Likewise, to validate the proposed model, through a purposive sampling method, we sought out curriculum expert opinions, as well as opinions from specialist in the council for curriculum development. All those experts confirmed the validity of the proposed model strongly. the results revealed that developing such a model to suit the requirements of educational system in Iran would be possible.

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The main objective of This research was to identify and validate the characteristics of the effective teacher in the elementary period.The first part of the Q-method was used. The statistical population in this section was all faculty members of educational sciences of Tehran universities(N=349),that20of them were selected according to the purposive sampling and snowball.The Data collection tool is the Q-diagram.Its reliability was confirmed by reviewing40documents and approved by3experts university.The validity of thequestionnaire was84/0.The second part is based on exploratory factor analysis.The statistical population of this study was all the professors of educational sciences in Tehran universities and elementary education groups of Tehran(N=987).The random sampling method was325people.The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose content reliability was confirmed by3experts and validity (α=96/0).The main findings indicated that65characteristics were identified in7dimensions of personality traits,religious-ethical education,Reflective,qualifications and competencies,effective teaching,effective classroom management,and monitoring and evaluation.The7dimensions was confirmed,but between of65characteristics,5characteristics have not been validated.
 

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Recently, the National curriculum of Islamic Republic of Iran has been developed by the Ministry of Education to provide educational policies. In this document, an implicit emphasis on so called context base aspect of the program can be seen in the mathematics curriculum framework section. In this paper, I first, introduce the different aspects of context base Mathematics Education, and then this educational approach has been traced in the newly written mathematics textbooks in Iran

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The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between algebra content formation in mathematics textbooks and the mathematics teachers’ current knowledge. Based on this aim, we have considered three subjects: 1. mathematics teachers’ current knowledge of algebra, 2. the beginning and presentation methods of algebra content on the number of selected previous textbooks and 3.the role of previous textbooks content in teacher knowledge forming. Research Methodology had been a survey, content analysis, and historical and documentary analysis. This study showed that the teachers' knowledge and teaching methods do not coincide with the algebra content of the current seventh-grade mathematics textbook, and about 30% of teachers’ knowledge is based on the experiences of the previous textbooks.
 

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The main purpose of this study is investigating the internal consistency of the electrotechnical field curriculum in technical and vocational branch from the view point of stakeholders. This study is practical in purpose and is done using the quantitative method. The statistical population includes all of the educational manager, teachers and students of electrotechnical field in Yazd province. A census method was used to select the sample. In order to gather data, the researcher-made questionnaire was used. The questionnaire validity and reliability was respectively confirmed by CVI index and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Eventually Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Tottally, according to Kessels theories in curriculum internal consistency and study findings, the electrotechnical field curriculum does not have the necessary internal consistency and some measures were proposed to increase it accordance with Kessels theories.

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The-present study investigates the"phenomenology of-evaluating learning outcomes".In-terms of-purpose, application and-method of-conducting qualitative research is of-phenomenological type.The-research population includes all the-professors in the field of-education from the-universities in-Tehran.Using snowball sampling and-continuous comparison of-data until theoretical saturation,10of them were interviewed with-semi-structured interview.Its subject area was in-the-field of-educational sciences.The-method of-data gathering includes field studies,library studies,and-semi-structured interviews.In-order to-ensure the-reliability of-the-research data,the-methods of-triangulation of-data sources,repeated studies,continuous adaptation of-data,summarization,classification of-information and-review of-the interviews by-the-interviewee professors and-also by-the-main supervisors and-advisors were used.In-order to-evaluate the-validity of-the-data obtained by-purposive sampling method from the-opinions of-36-professors of-other universities in-Tehran who have expertise in-this subject were used to-achieve theoretical saturation.The-data of-this study were analyzed using the-seven-step model of-Wan Manen and- Finally,5-structures(nature of-evaluation,evaluator(teacher),nature of-learning outcomes,evaluated(student)and-nature of-curriculum),17-dimensions,87-categories and-320-indicators of-phenomenology of-evaluating learning outcomes in-the-format of-a model were identified.The-Findings show that the-evaluation of-learning outcomes is surrounded by-5-mentioned structures;and-the-obtained structures,dimensions and-indicators are related to-each other and-all of-them contribute to-the-measurement of-learning outcomes and-have the-same value.

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The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the background and strategies for implementing a financial literacy curriculum for the elementary school. Using the Foundationchr('39')s Grounded Theory method, 12 experts in the field of curriculum planning and primary education, economics and finance were interviewed. Findings showed that social, economic, educational and cultural needs, policies and goals are the basis for developing and implementing a financial literacy curriculum in elementary school. The most important strategies for implementing financial literacy curriculum include educational and structural measures such as curriculum enrichment, providing access to educational resources, teacher participation in curriculum production, creating a platform for cooperation between financial organizations and the education organization, exchange of educational ideas between classes and schools, cooperation of organizations in the development of educational innovations in the field of literacy, continuous interaction with educational centers in the field of finance and development of financial education equipment.

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in this study,an attempt has been made to analyze the relationship between the variables affecting the curriculum with emphasis on entrepreneurship in Tehran universities. At first, by studying the background of related researches, the variables were identified and screened with the opinions of experts by fuzzy Delphi method.The statistical population consists of 30 faculty members and experts in the qualitative section and 385 people in the quantitative section with the Cochran's formula.Fuzzy network analysis is used to determine the weight and interpretive structural equations are used to level and analyze the relationships between variables.Based on the findings of fuzzy network analysis,the following variables of interaction with institutions supporting the implementation of joint international activities, entrepreneurial attitude, lending through banks, the use of information and communication technology in teaching and coordination of optional courses with individual needs in terms of Teachers have the most weight and importance 

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The purpose of this study is to design an educational program using dialogic education approach to cultivate the aesthetic perception of student teachers using A/r/tographical learning tasks.The research was a qualitative one and opted for normative method consisting. Finally,11 learning tasks were developed.

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The main purpose of this research was to investigate the barriers, facilitators, and continuance of implementing a creative instructional method (Collaborative prototyping of digital educational games using design thinking). This study employed a phenomenological study as a qualitative research method. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview. Participants included 20 teachers that have experienced the method mentioned above in their class teaching in primary schools. An abductive content analysis was conducted to determine the main and sub-categories. The identified barriers and facilitators were categorized according to the stages of the design thinking process: empathy, definition and idea generation, prototype construction and evaluation. Regarding continuance factors, six categories were identified: learning and instructional activities, content organization strategies, game conditions, teacher-related factors, student-related factors, and evaluation-related factors. Future research suggestions were discussed in light of the study findings.

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The present article has been done with the aim of meta-analysis of the works of research teachers in Zanjan province and has used the combined meta-analysis method and six steps of Krippendorf. From the statistical population of 129 selected works of the province, 51 works have been selected as the study sample. Data were extracted with the help of three analysts using three checklists. Research findings in terms of form show more attention of research teachers (female, elementary school, intermediate work history,…) in the field of educaotin and learning, in the methodological view indicate more use of critical approach by research teachers in Problem solving, from the combined method in data collection and analysis, from the theoretical background in proposing solutions and also; In terms of cognitive concept, it indicates that most of the issues of teaching and learning are related to the structure and method of education.