---

This study conducted with aim of investigation profound experiences of elementary male students in the fourth and fifth grades from the descriptive evaluation. The method of this study was qualitative and phenomenological one. To achieve this objective and considering the nature of the study, purposeful sampling was used. Collected Data were saturated by interviewing with nine students. Data were analyzed by MAXQDA10 software. The results of these experiences were summarized at five themes and several subthemes. These themes included: "positive perception of descriptive evaluation", "negative perception of descriptive evaluation", "appropriate for bottom grades" pleasant for lazy students parents "and" harmful for lazy students". These findings can help Authorities in investigation the conditions of descriptive evaluation, its advantages and disadvantages. So they can take steps in Solving Problems and improvements, Remove or replacement of this evaluation.

---

The purpose of this research is the effect of Schwab’s invitation to inquiry method and flipping problem solving on the academic function on Biology course of students of tenth grade with modifying critical thinking.This research’s method is semi – experimental with pre – test and post – test and control group.  Its statistical community includes female students of tenth grade of Tabriz city at the academic years of 2015-2016.Sample size consists of 69students of tenth grade were chosen by multistage cluster sampling methodGathering information tools include Ricketts critical thinking questionnaire and teacher made academic achievement test on Biology course.Data were analyze by covariance analysis method..The results indicated, critical thinking could be able act as a mediator in the effect of Schwab’s invitation to inquiry method on achievement of students werethought by Schwab’s invitation to inquiry method. In the other way it couldn’t act as a mediator in flipping problem solving

---

The present research aims to study, understand and explain the experiences of parents of students and school administrators from parent participation in school affairs of children. This research is conducted in a descriptive phenomenological approach. For this purpose, 8 managers and 6 students from Hamedan schools were selected by targeted method and data were collected by semi-structured interview. The collected data were analyzed by Straubert and Carpenter (2003). Findings show that in both groups there is no identical definition of participation and people refer to the funds of participation. In the structure, administrators rely on parent associations and coaches as formal institutions and parents focus on personal relationships with school agents. The fields of participation in schools are diverse and factors such as the motivation and parenting of parents, the positive interaction of managers and the existence of a participatory culture in the school organization can strengthen it.

---

The present study aims to describe the lived experiences in teachers’ soldier about to work in rural primary schools. The study conducted in the academic year of 2017-2018 with qualitative approach and psychological phenomenological type, with purposeful sampling and in-depth semi-structured interview with twelve teacher s soldier that working in Hashtrood and Nazar Kahrizi education area. The analysis of date    carried out with Colaizzi model. For truthworth to this study, we uses of member checking, external audit, Triangulation and Prolonged Engagement methods. The findings of the interviews were extracted in four Emergent Theme inclusive "motivation", "educational challenges", "teacher dignity", "professional issues" and "ambiguity" and several Theme Clusters. Finally, recommended that the teacher s soldier be allowed to participate in the education recruitment exam through section 28 by providing a legal mechanism. Use them in education if they passing a year of teaching skills and competencies.  

---

The purpose of this study was to address the challenges and approaches to produce customized electronic content using web based learning resources by the teachers of elementary smart schools of Tabriz city.  The phenomenological research method has been used for this qualitative research and the sample was the teachers of primary smart schools in Tabriz.  The sample was selected using a purposive snowball sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Findings showed that teachers of the smart Schools are faced with two types of challenges in relation to content creation

---

The purpose of this study was to design a virtual reality curriculum model in science course based on a synthesis method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all valid scientific articles in the field of virtual reality that based on regular search of databases, 920 scientific articles were identified according to the inclusion criteria and finally 197 exclusion criteria were selected for final analysis. Were. A researcher-designed worksheet form was used to collect, report and record the initial research data. Findings were analyzed using Marshchr('39')s (1991) seven-step model of open synthesis and axial coding methods. Research findings show that the Virtual Reality-Based Curriculum in Science is a student-centered curriculum that creates different roles and responsibilities for the learner, teacher, and knowledge.
 

---

With the emergence and spread of the corona virus, different sections of different societies faced serious challenges. The institution of education is one of the most fundamental centers of change in the world during the coronavirus epidemic. These changes resulting from the outbreak of the coronavirus and its changes in formal and informal curricula have led researchers to present a new concept in the field of curriculum studies based on their professional and educational mission, entitled "Unpredictable Curriculum" Choose. To achieve the research goal, a concept development strategy has been used. Siegerchr('39')s prescriptive criteria and expert opinions have also been used to validate the analyzes performed. Finally, while the concept of unpredictable curriculum is explained and analyzed, the dimensions, examples and challenging aspects of this type of curriculum are also described.

---

Quality education and accurate understanding of the course of architectural design and urban planning, which is in fact a means to acquaint civil engineering students with the field of architecture and also to eliminate the deep gap between the two disciplines, is necessary. The purpose is to evaluate the quality of education of the mentioned course for undergraduate students of the faculty of civil engineering. The employed investigation method is qualitative-Analytical and applicable.  The statistical society is comprised of whole students, which passed architecture design and urban development lesson in B.A degree of civil engineering in Tabriz University. The achieved results demonstrated that the quality of education was 24.44% weak, 67.77% moderate, and 7.77% high. The investigated parameters in educational point of view were mostly relatively undesirable and in configuration point of view were relatively desirable. Finally, suggestions have been made to improve the quality of education in this course.

---

The aim of this study was to design a STEM project-based curriculum model in primary school based on synthesis method. The statistical population included all valid scientific researches related to the subject that by regular searches in databases and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 67 researches were selected for final review. A researcher-designed worksheet form was used to collect, record and report the initial research data. Findings were analyzed using Hurd (1983) seven-step model and open and axial coding method. To confirm the reliability, the Cohen's kappa coefficient formula was used, which was 79% of the agreement between the evaluators. Research findings show that the STEM project-based curriculum is a student-centered curriculum that defines a completely different role from the traditional curriculum elements in all curriculum elements.

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the process of primary school teachers resistance to implementation of the formal curriculum. The approach of the present study was qualitative and the Grounded theory method was used in this research. The statistical population included primary school teachers in East Azerbaijan province. The process of sampling and selection of participants continued until data saturation was achieved and Finally, 18 elementary school teachers were selected using available sampling method. The results showed that "rational resistance" as a central phenomenon, "Lack of teacher empowerment, lack of student participation and lack of facilities in education" as background conditions, "Curriculum deviations, teacher personality, textbook deficiencies and teacher weakness" as causal conditions, "Teacher beliefs and cultural conditions" as intervening conditions, "Consequences of the curriculum and the self-actualization of teachers" as a consequence And "Educational Strategies, Paying Attention to Student Needs, and Curriculum Optimization" were identified as strategies.