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Abstract: This researchr examines educational aims and goals of preschool stage in Iranian national curriculum. This examination is based on Islamic theory of action in childhood and carried out by using conceptual and comparative analysis methods. In a holistic view, it seems that these aims encounter 4 challenges. The first challenge is related to psychological requirements of children during their maturation. The second one is about the vagueness of its value hierarchies. The third challenge is the ambiguity of terms and vocabularies. Disorder in defining the aims is another challenge. It is important to note that some of these aims may overlap each other. In this regard some modifications have been done. Comparative analysis of the national curriculum aims indicates that these aims can be settled in 4 categories. The first group includes those aims which are concordant with the correspond ones in Islamic theory of action. These aims are appropriate. The second and third classes consist of those aims which have essential or inessential oppositions to Islamic theory of action. Upon our investigation, we propose that these aims should be modified or omitted. The last one includes those aims that are neglected in this document. In this case, we suggest some new aims.
 

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Abstract: The objective of this research was to study the feasibility of integrative approach in physical education course at the elementary level from the point of view of experts. The researchers used descriptive survey method for this study. The statistical population consisted of physical education experts majoring in curriculum development or management and planning who were familiar with physical education courses of public universities in Tehran. The research data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Data was collected through both T-solo and linear-algorithm sample statistical methods. Results through T-solo sample showed that in terms of professionals who set the objectives, selection of content and coherence of learning experiences was meaningful in integrated delivery of physical education curriculum. Results through linear-algorithm method showed that experts' opinion was significantly correlated to their gender and attitude towards integrated physical education curriculum. Also there was significant variation regarding the experts' years of experience. In addition, there was no significant correlation between these three factors, i.e. gender, attitude towards integrated curriculum and teaching experience. According to the findings of this study, the experts agreed that development of an integrated physical education curriculum was feasible if curriculum development elements were taken into consideration. In terms of gender and attitude towards an integrated curriculum, experts agreed that development of an integrated physical education curriculum was feasible. In terms of teaching experience and background, and interrelation between these three factors there is difference of viewpoint among experts.  

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Since the establishment of formal education in Iran, there has always been an emphasis on the application of mathematics in real life situation. To measure students’s competencies in applying mathematics in real life situations, there is a need to design a test with this purpose. During the current decade, PISA has been conducted in various countries to measure sudents’ competencies needed for solving real life problems in 15 years old. Because of the reliable systematic framework of PISA regarding mathematics literacy (ML) as a construct, agreed by mathematics experts, PISA framework has been chosen as a suitable framework to design a test to assess students’ competencies for ML. In this paper, we explain the stages of designing a similar test for the Iranian students of the same age. The approach to design the test is cognitive-diagnostic according to the framework of PISA and required modifications were made based on mathematics teachers’ viewpoints in Tehran. The final test items are based on three processes of mathematics literacy which consist of formulation employment and interpretation/ evaluation, and six cognitive competencies including communication, mathematising, representation, reasoning and argument, devising strategies for solving problems and using symbolic, formal and technical language and operations, in addition, four real context of personal societal occupational and scientific and finally four content area of quantity uncertainty and data change and relationships and space and shape.

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This paper is to investigate the heutagogic self-determined learning behavior of the students according to the theoretical foundations and framework of the heutagogic approach which has been carried out as a case study in Mehr-e Alborz virtual university. Among study population of Mehr-e Alborz virtual university students which were 690 people, 120 students were selected randomly by means of Proportional Stratified Random Sampling according to Morgan table and were then studied based on the heutagogic learning behavior level. Heutagogic learning behavior of the students from their view points were collected based on demographic variables (age, gender, semester and academic performance) by a researcher-developed questionnaire. The results indicate a significant relationship between two variables of academic performance and heutagogic learning behavior So that heutagogic learning behavior explains about 35% of the changes in academic performances of electronic students. Totally the heutagogic self-determined learning behaviors of the students have been estimated by intermediate or rather good level.

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Achieving a scientific literacy is the purpose of teaching the science curriculum in educational systems in the world. One of the most important and the most essential components that increases scientific literacy in students, is teaching about the nature of science. Purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude of undergraduate students at University of Tehran toward the nature of science as a component of scientific literacy. The research is descriptive and was conducted in survey study method. The population of this research includes all undergraduate students in faculties of psychology and educational sciences, and basic sciences. From this population, a sample size of 779 persons in stratified sampling method and considering the proportions (gender and faculty) was selected. In order to collect the attitudes of students about the nature of science, a questionnaire was designed based on the theoretical foundations of the project 2061 and its reliability and validity were examined and approved. One-sample t-test results indicate that the average of understanding the nature of science and its dimensions in students have significant differences with the average scores. Also the MANOVA test shows that there are significant differences between factor levels of faculties (faculty of psychology and educational sciences and faculty of basic sciences) about “nature of science” variable. Results showed that students have poor understanding about the nature of science and its dimensions. Based on the analysis of the results of conducted researches, the reasons can be traced in these factors: paying no attention to the components of nature of science in the development and design of science curriculum, low teachers’ knowledge and understanding about nature of science, lack of the development of science and technology in society and lack of the economical, political and cultural support structures for science and its values. The results also showed that students of basic science have more understanding about nature of science than students of psychology and educational sciences. The reason for that can be found in the nature of academic disciplines in two faculties and the amount of addressing the subject matters about science and nature of science in their curriculum.       
 

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This paper wants to discover the role of teaching culture in type of teachers encounter to ‎modifications of math schedule of first grade of high school in Qaemshahr. Findings of ‎qualitative research by methodology of ethnography showed that teachers belief have been ‎evaluated to two positive perspective and critical perspective toward changes of math book ‎of ‎‏7‏th grade. Also they have presented two spectra of behavior in encountering changes in ‎math school books of the ‎‏7‏th grade: Full admission‏ ‏‎,‎‏ ‏Resistance and rejection. The research ‎results showed that understanding the culture of teachers is an essential factor to initiate ‎any reform that with improvement in attitude to change, teachers’ tendencies will be more ‎positive towards advancing ne schedules; it means that if teachers know the change useful ‎and necessary, they will perform them with more commitment and fidelity

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Scientific disciplines evolve based on the modern needs of societies and curriculum is no exception. One of the recent concepts introduced in the curriculum area is curriculum counseling. Explaining and conceptualizing this concept could facilitate the improvement of the learning level and realizing the objectives of the curriculum. In this study, curriculum counseling was discussed as a new concept in curriculum studies. The approach employed in this research was qualitative with systematic review. The research data was collected through library studies and documentation. The findings of this study indicated that the concept of counseling curriculum has its theoretical basis and ground in new conceptualists’ theories, including phenomenology theory and autobiography of the curriculum. In addition, curriculum counseling could play an important role in improving the level of learning and the teaching-learning methods, and particularly the development and enhancement of learner personality within the framework of curriculum. Counseling and psychology could cooperate effectively in curriculum studies in order to achieve curriculum counseling goals. 

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This research is based on the experience of the faculty members of the College of Mathematics, Engineering, and Basic Sciences (STEM) at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2017 in implementing professional development curricula. The data of this research were extracted from a qualitative and descriptive phenomenological method with semi-structured interviewing tool. Data is analyzed through coding and categorization. Sampling in this section was targeted through a criterion type and a total of 21 people participated. To credited, Delphi technique was agreed by the experts and experts on issues. Given the research structure and the four areas in the curriculum, researchers' perceptions of the themes and concepts related to each field were referred. A total of 37 categories and finally four general categories including design, implementation, field and evaluation in three areas of strengths, leading issues and desirability of curriculum. The results of this study showed that a great deal has been reported between the design and implementation of the programs, as well as a conceptual model based on the life experiences of the faculty members and, finally, suggestions were presented.

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The aim of this study was to examine the restrictions of parental involvement in secondary schools. The research approach was qualitative and phenomenological. The instrument for data collection was a semi-structured interview and research data was gathered  from 6 parent, 5 teachers, 3 principal and 4 students in three schools in Tehran 6th district. The content of the living experiences of those groups was analyzed according to Colaizzi pattern. The research results showed the restrictions of parental involvement in 3 Emergent Theme and 7 Theme Clusters including, school related factors  such as, Lack of Teacher and principals Preparation, Teachers Preconceptions about Parental Culpability, Home-School Scheduling Conflicts and Cultural difference between school / home. As parent related factors such as, Socio-economic condition and Lack of parental understanding of the value of their role, and finally, adolescent related factor such as, vagueness as to the role of parent involvement during adolescent years.
 

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workplace curriculum as an emerging aspest of curriculum discipline, attempt to apply the finding of this field of study in workplace learning. The purpose of this research is to examine the different dimensions of the workplace curriculum in the related studies and present a workplace curriculum model. Research methodology is thematic research synthesis and research community is All published document in the field of workplace curriculum from 1993 to 2017 in seven valid databases. The content of the documents was categorized and organized by using MAXQDA (18). Based on the results, the workplace curriculum as main theme has four themes: "aspect", "effective factors", "constructive elements" and "expected outcomes". Each of the themes also has a variety of levels that have been used in workplace curricuum model. The proposed model has influential factors, the curuculum cycle, and the output of the workplace curriculum.

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Quality education and accurate understanding of the course of architectural design and urban planning, which is in fact a means to acquaint civil engineering students with the field of architecture and also to eliminate the deep gap between the two disciplines, is necessary. The purpose is to evaluate the quality of education of the mentioned course for undergraduate students of the faculty of civil engineering. The employed investigation method is qualitative-Analytical and applicable.  The statistical society is comprised of whole students, which passed architecture design and urban development lesson in B.A degree of civil engineering in Tabriz University. The achieved results demonstrated that the quality of education was 24.44% weak, 67.77% moderate, and 7.77% high. The investigated parameters in educational point of view were mostly relatively undesirable and in configuration point of view were relatively desirable. Finally, suggestions have been made to improve the quality of education in this course.

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This article has been compiled with the aim of introducing the descriptive evaluation disadvantages of elementary school from the perspective of Iranian curriculum planners. For this purpose, the method of "educational connoisseurship and criticism" was used under the qualitative approach. The sample was selected by intensity sampling method and information was collected through semi-structured interviews. The obtained information was analyzed by "thematic analysis" method and to validate the findings, the "information group review" method was used. Data analysis showed that the descriptive evaluation as a project in the field of education and curriculum has four disadvantages: "high expectations, lack of professional supervision, ineffective guides and poor investment", in the field of teacher practice has four disadvantages "competence Low, low credibility, difficulty of action and organizational pressure" and in the field of student behavior has four disadvantages "decrease in motivation, decrease in literacy, increase in expectations and useless competition

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The present study was conducted within the framework of qualitative approach and phenomenological method, with the aim of analyzing the experiences of elementary school teachers of virtual education during the outbreak of coronavirus.  The research field is the elementary teachers of Tehran, where 10 people were selected by snowball sampling by purposive sampling.  The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview.  Each teacher was interviewed for an average of 50 minutes.  The seven-step strategy was used in data analysis.  The findings of this study, which are taken from the statements of teachers, were classified into 5 main categories, including educational dimension, cultural dimension, social dimension, economic dimension and technical dimension.  The most important topics in the educational dimension include: continuing education, the opportunity to review education for students, low level of parental literacy, reducing student motivation and time consuming virtual education.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the views of graduates and students-teachers about the redundant curriculum in primary education. The approach of qualitative research and its method is content analysis. Sampling was purposeful and 18 people were selected to participate through semi-structured interviews. Findings show that parts of the curriculum content of this field are redundant and inefficient due to their theory, repetition, obsolescence, inappropriate source, disproportion of optional and compulsory courses, which are the most The frequency of redundant courses is also related to general courses and Islamic education. Also, parts of the curriculum are considered redundant due to learning experiences, with participants pointing to the role of teacher, student, and assessment. The results showed that in terms of content, it is necessary to remove parts of the general curriculum and allocate them to specialized and specialized-educational courses.

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Abstract: Thecurrent research aimed to analyze the curriculumsuitable for the characteristics.of.generationz.inTehran's high school.the This study has a qualitative approach in terms of purpose, and application, and based on the theory of Siofang and Chanon,it has an inductive content analysis.This research is based on semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling with the participation of 43 people from scientific, executive, and focal groups.Afterthe semi-structured interviews during the coding stages, data analysis was done in 7 steps.To validatethe findings, the methodof negotiationwith external auditors was used and for reliability, the Lincoln and Guba method was used. Findings: In addition to emphasizing the importance of generational knowledge and the characteristics, preferences and needs of generation z, the curriculum is suitable for the characteristics of generation z، based on 200 indicators of 30 components and 10 principles(logic,goals,contentlearningstrategies,characteristicsofteachersofgenerationz,learning.situations,assessmentand,evaluation،backgroundfactors,emergingphenomena, and modern revolutions) whichled to the extraction of theconceptual frameworkof thecurriculumsuitablefor thecharacteristics of generation z.          
 

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Learning math vocabularly is essential for language development and improving students' mathematics knowledge. The present research is descriptive-analytical, its purpose is applied and its approach is qualitative. First, by synthesis method, the researches done in the field of teaching mathematical vocabulary were reviewed and the types of words that need to be taught were categorized. Then, using content analysis method, the key words of math books were extracted. The sample of the research is the first to third grade elementary mathematics textbooks of Iran. In the synthesis section, the research community of all articles related to the teaching of mathematical vocabulary and the research sample, 36 articles are available, which were selected by searching the selected internal and external databases. The words extracted from the first to third grade elementary math textbooks were placed in eleven categories.

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The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the choice of humanities field. Parallel to this aim, the narrative-research method of the autobiography type was used. The source of data was the researcher's memories and narratives during his studies. Data analysis was done according to thematic analysis. In total, four main themes (educational, individual, family and environmental factors) and 19 sub-themes in two axes were identified. Findings in the first section include not belonging to school, the role of teachers, the effect of academic grades, academic guidance, achieving successful results, possessing literary talent, fear of failure, purposefulness, interest and desire, Family support, family educational background and Career prospects. Also, in the second section, obtaining successful results, receiving positive feedback, forming an identity, reducing motivation, doubt, parental satisfaction, high expectations, and misconceptions were obtained, which indicate the positive and negative consequences of this choice.