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The aim of this research is to search for a model for the curriculum planning of the parents' cultural capital growth and to facilitate the children's Progress in school. The correlation of the parent's cultural capital dimensions with the educational achivement of the students was studied, and an efficient plan for the growth of the family's cultural capital was designed, implemented and evaluated. The theoretical framework of this research is derived from Bourdieu theories. Basis on the Pierre Bourdieu's viewpoint, cultural capital has three subtypes: institutionalized, objectified, embodied. The research method is quasi-experimental and it has two evidence and test groups. The tool for gathering information in this research is the questionnaire for ascertaining the cultural capital elements and also the Baum rind questionnaire. Its validity was obtained 83% by the experts and specialists through conducting experiments on 30 persons. The statistical population consists of 54 families that are selected randomly from north and south of Tehran who their children were in grade 4 in high school. They were interviewed by professional interviewers and the experimental group participated in a training workshop for introducing families with cultural capital elements. Assumptions of the research were: 1) Training of parents influences their cultural capital (interest in the art works, music, painting and calligraphy and foreign language). 2) Training of parents influences their cultural capital (improvement of relationship with book, drawings, computer, media, camera, and library membership). 3)  Training of parents influences their cultural capital (participation in the courses that results in getting skill certificate). 4) Training of parents influences their way of child rearing. 5) Teaching the cultural capital elements to the parents influences their children's school achievement. For doing descriptive analysis of data, the statistics of frequency, mean and standard deviation, and for inferential analysis of data, the analysis method of one-way and co-variance (ANCOVA) were used. The findings showed that regular training of parents in the level of P environment for the children's educational success.

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The present paper aims to investigate the amount of multi-cultural education components in the textbooks of secondary schools from 2013 to 2014. It is conducted through text-analysis. The components of Multi-cultural education were initially collected from theoretical text and research background using document analysis and then they were numbered in the textbooks of secondary schools. The units of analysis were sentence, question, picture, activity, and the poem in the textbooks. Research tools were bibliography cards and inventory form in document and text analysis respectively. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The statistical population is the textbooks of secondary schools from 2013 to2014 and samples were Iran and International History I, Iran and International History II, History (Pre-University Schools), Social Studies (Secondary Schools), Sociology I, Sociology II, Social Studies (Pre-University Schools) which were expected to contain multi-cultural education components. The most significant results are as follows: out of 180 frequencies in the text books of secondary schools, History I with 76, i.e. 42.22% contained the most multi-cultural education components and Social Studies of secondary school with 5, i.e. 2.77% contained the least components. Among the components, “introducing various cultures to students in the content of textbooks” had the largest number of frequencies, i.e. 59 and “helping to understand and tolerate different opinions from various cultures, and defining multi-culture homework for students in the content of textbooks” had the smallest one, only 1, i.e. 0.55%.    

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The purpose of this study was to examine multicultural education in the content of Farsi textbooks of elementary education in Iran.This research was conducted within a qualitative framework and the qualitative content analysis method was used with a conventional (inductive) approach. The sampling method was purposeful and the sample included Farsi textbooks of all the grades of elementary education. The unit of analysis (record) was the theme, pictures and units of the textbooks. To determine the reliability of the qualitative content analysis method with the inductive approach, the review was conducted in two stages, one after completion of 10-50% of the categorizations and the other at the end of the research. Five categories were extracted as the result: introducing and paying attention to mother tongue of ethnoses; introducing celebrities; reflection of dressing style of ethnoses; cultural traditions of ethnoses and introducing cultural heritage. The analysis of the quality of the books showed that only the trace of dominant culture in the textbooks was observed. The findings show that the educational system seemingly seeks to implement a pattern of cultural assimilation that leads to the suppression of the languages and cultures of the Iranian minorities. This approach could bring about negative and reverse effects, and increase the awareness of the people of their identity and history and culture.

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The objective of this research is study the role of intercultural education through bicultural art experience for improving intercultural competence. For this, a phenomenological qualitative study designed aimed to introduce different aspects of Persian culture among 9 years old Brazilian children. It contained four steps: making interest, comparing two cultures, experiencing bicultural art creation and evaluating its durability. Triangulation of data as a method kind was used for the validity and reliability. Results indicates the influence of art experience on improving cultural understanding. Furthermore bicultural art experience was effective on shifting from denial stage, decreasing polarization significantly. It also increased the ability of minimization and acceptance. Finally, art experience caused durability of intercultural understanding among children.

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This paper aims to explain the underground curriculum in the field of ethnicity and provide its practical evidence from the Iranian schools. This paper follows a qualitative research method According to the results of this research, when ethnic groups do not have a proper position in formal curricula, and in many cases, there is a cultural humiliation of subcultures, in other words, when cultural occupation takes place in schools, in such circumstances, Ethnicity is considered as one of the main areas for the formation of underground curricula. Also, based on the data analysis, seven main themes related to this research are: Preference for mother tongue on formal language, ethnicity bias of teachers and students, opposition to the content of formal curriculum, the use of ethnic symbols in schools, the spread of ethnic music and their symbols in schools, humiliation Other ethnic groups and expansion of separatist ideas.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the position of ethnicity in formal and hidden curricula of the new secondary education system in the 98-97 academic year. The research method in the first part of the research included documentary analysis and qualitative content analysis. Sampling in this section was targeted and included 6 volumes of books in the form of more than 960 pages of history & sociology books in the second secondary school.The content analysis unit in this section was text, images, and textbook activities. In the second part of the research, the research method was qualitative and ethnographic and various tools such as student journals and informal interviews were used in collecting research data. Finally, based on the findings of this study, it can be acknowledged that the position of ethnicity in the formal and hidden curricula of the secondary school was undesirable.

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In the present study, an attempt has been made to explain the theoretical elements of the transcultural approach (English as an international language) to learning English as a foreign language or as second language by introducing the philosophy of the English curriculum as a foreign language.The main points of the study are to determine the position of this approach among the existing approaches and its distinctive features in the realm of curriculum philosophy and also to examine its capacity to respond to the challenge hegemonic features of English in the age of globalization. The results indicate that the transcultural approach based on interdisciplinary research, provides explanations based on linguistic conceptualization relying on the cultural schemas of non-native learners and speakers, through which a variety of English worlds are recognized. It is known as a kind of English localization..

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of ethnicity and lived ethnic experiences of junior school students in the formal-hidden curriculum of Iran's academic year in 2019-2020.The research method in the first part of documentary analysis and qualitative content analysis with 3 volumes of social studies book including 553 pages.Content Analysis Unit;Text-Images and activities.The second part of the qualitative and phenomenological research method was purposeful sampling of participants including 30 students (persian-Azeri-Kurd-Lor-gilak) and 20 teachers.Student journal and informal interview were also used. Findings show that only 6% of the three sections of the examined content pay attention to the desirable components of ethnicity, which is very undesirable in the formal curriculum.In the analysis of information,cultural assimilation, superficial thoughts about ethnic culture, educational inequality, cultural diversity alienism,neglect of peaceful coexistence appeared, overall, it can be acknowledged that the position of ethnicity in the hidden curriculum was not desirable

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The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of multicultural literacy curriculum for students and teachers of Farhangian University. The approach of this research is mixed descriptive and its statistical population includes a small part of university-cultural university students, the sampling method was to select student-teachers from random clusters. Research method; Using a questionnaire with three components of multicultural knowledge, multicultural attitude and multicultural skills, and in the qualitative section, systematic analysis was used to find the components of multicultural literacy. In a small part, the results of this study indicated that the multicultural literacy of university students, teachers and educators was relatively good in the multicultural dimension and moderate in the multicultural dimension, but not at the desirable level in the multicultural dimension. According to the current situation of multicultural literacy of students and teachers, a model was designed and validated for the desired situation.

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The purpose of the current research is to extract the components of teachers' cultural knowledge. The research method is the synthesis of related research works in the period from 2000 to 2020 taken from internal and international databases. A number of 533 scientific researches were identified and after the necessary checks, 34 researches were included in the first stage of synthesis. Using the evaluator to recode the findings, clearly state what has been done, and the presence of definite and defensible indicators to select the input studies was used to improve the credibility of the research. According to the findings, 11 components were identified in the field of teachers' cultural knowledge; component of intercultural issues; students' culture; general culture; indigenous culture; culture and social issues; multiculturalism; culture and education; cultural values; cultural identity; Organizational culture and culture and teacher education.