Institute of Educational

Strategic management has known as an essential and critical factor to efficiency and effectiveness of organizations at any rganizational domains and activities. Application of Strategic management in higher education has increasingly developed in last decades. The aim of this research is developing a Strategic Management Model (SMM) for Iranian Higher Education system. The research sample consisted of 220 faculty members, higher education managers, informant persons and university stakeholders. Data were collected using questionnaire and were analysis by factor analysis and analysis of variances (ANOVA).The finding showed that the Higher Education Strategic Management Model has 5 main components, 6 sub components and 73 variables. There were some significant differences between samples by position, academic domains, academic grades and management experience.

The present study covered the conformity barriers of virtual technologies in higher education. It was a qualitative research and population composed of the masters in Kordistan university. The instrument was a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed based on ground theory through NVIVO software. The most significant conditional causes for interaction were masters' imposed and authoritarian  teaching method,  taking teaching easy in higher education, believing to presence and of cognition learning entity, masters' dualist attitude towards educational evaluation, and  physical environments. In general, the masters own a traditional attitude based on behaviorism learning theory in different aspects of teaching, evaluation, educational resources, and interaction. They did not consider virtual education as a complete and standard teaching method but a complementary instrument to recover present education.  

The most fundamental move to enhance the quality of critical thinking in students is the improvement of motivation to think, as the key to success in life and study. This is because acquiring the skills involved in critical thinking, in the process of official curriculum, cannot guarantee the development of these skills, and consequently, their application in different situations. Therefore, one of the most useful steps with this regard is the enhancement of the attitudinal aspects of critical thinking, paying attention to the function of hidden curriculum in higher education-something which could be in the opposite direction to official curriculum. Thus, the present study, by benefiting from the method of documentary analysis, while clarifying the position of hidden curriculum in higher education and studying its relation to critical thinking, offers the analysis of the apparatus of effects and the use of hidden curriculum in the development of critical thinking. With this regard, it is discussed that the function of hidden curriculum in higher education is due to the fluctuation in the official curriculum-which by itself is due to: lack of a complete legislation of this program in higher education, relation between hidden curriculum and the dimension of critical thinking and attention paid to hidden curriculum in liberal education with an inclination towards critical thinking. In addition, the hidden curriculum, developed out of a dialectical methodology is studied to investigate the development of critical thinking of the learners.

As has been indicated in some documents, the higher education as an institution has been large history-more than eight century- and in this large history, important event has been happened. Higher education in modern era follows the modernity as encompass movement by the components such as scientism, individualism, mass production, technicism. Arising such tendencies in higher education has encounter to ancient higher education values. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche-19^th German Philosopher- is one of the major philosophers that critique such modernity values. In current paper there has been explained his views on mass culture and authenticity, and mentioned their sins in modern higher education. Philosopher as medic and philosopher as sculptor are tow metaphors that used as tow task of diagnostic and prognostic for philosopher. At the first level there were diagnose the sins of illness in higher education on nietzche’s perspective (mass reception of candidates for being student in university, dominant of quantity in all aspects of higher education, dominant of scientific methods as the legal methods, absence of aesthetic realm and etc. and at the second level the task of prognosis evolution in the mentioned component were explained.

The present study is an attempt to examine the role of information literacy as a prerequisite for the effective application of ICT. Qualitative content analysis was used as the methodology to answer the main question of the study. The findings and results show that there is a need to have fundamental changes in missions and functions of Universities and institutes of higher education. Since one of the basic missions of Universities is to produce knowledge and lay the groundwork for knowledge environments, awareness of and access to the latest scientific findings in areas of science and technology is necessary. ICT has paved the way of this process. But what is essential is to enable the users of higher education easier access to ICT based environment. This way the audience of higher education can use the information in such environments in an effective, efficient, and creative way. This will be impossible unless we consider the role and status of information literacy as a necessity and basic issue for the application of ICT in higher education.
 

The growing presence of girls in higher education is an issue that has attracted attention and has a lot of opponents and proponents. In this article, effects of this event were studied in three dimensions, cultural, social and educational. Research method was descriptive – survey and the population of study was all students and faculty members at Isfahan University, Isfahan University of Technology and Isfahan University of Art. Sampling was classified according to size. Data were collected through a researcher made questionnaire and were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed that students and faculty members believe that increase in girl’s admission have more than average effect upon all three dimensions. In according of faculty members view, averages of social and cultural dimensions are higher and in student’s view, average of educational dimension. Finally, considering the pros and cons of the increased acceptance of girls, it is recommended to provide facilities to raise awareness of girls toward life situations to make better decisions.