Human Information Interaction

---

Abstract

Background and Aim: Research was carried out as a survey utilizing a researcher made questionnaire. 1149 postgraduate students were selected to fill in the research questionnaire, and 837 questionnaires were sent back. Along with descriptive statistics, independent samples t test was used to examine the difference between groups and Pearson co-efficient  to measure correlations of variables.

Findings: More than 60 percent of students evaluated electronic information resources as most valuable and responsiveness to their information needs. More than half of students were only after free search engines, databases and  simple searches.  Sixtey   percent   did not formulate their search languages and relied  on trial and error to obtain pertinent information.  Less than 40 percent of students prefer the databases subscribed by their university.  Among different types of electronic documents, electronic papers were most popular amongst students. Most of retrieved documents   were used for writing research papers. Seventy percent of students believed that in the case of cessation  of  electronic resources, their research activities will be hampered. Only 18 percent of students were intended to pay per access to electronic resources and most of them indicated that in the case of disconnection, they will try to find an alternative way of access.

Conclusion: Vis-à-vis the favored situation in science production of the country, in order to fulfill national scientific development strategies, secure access to electronic resources should be guaranteed.

---

Background and Aim: Usually, researchers who have different levels of academic degrees, are different in terms of specialized knowledge. Also, academic degree may affect the information seeking behavior of researchers. Therefore, in this study, the difference of information seeking behavior of researchers with different academic degree for “conducting the research” and “updating scientific information” was investigated.
Methods: Survey method was used to conduct the research. In order to gather data, self made questionnaire was used. We have not sampled. In total, 140 researchers (70%), out of the 200, completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics methods and were performed using IBM SPSS 22. In order to analysis the data, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman's tests were used.
Results: Findings showed that the use of “journal articles” (high and very high more than 90%) was a top priority of “PhD and master students” and “PhDs”. In order to access scientific information, “PhD and master students" and “masters/professional doctors” mostly used “communication and consultation with Iranian experts and researchers” (high and very high with 75%) and “personal experiences” (high and very high with 65%). While minimal use of “communication and consultation with foreign experts and researchers” (low and never with 56%) and “participating in foreign congresses” (low and never with 69%) was used by “masters/professional doctors”.
Conclusion: Just in using the "journal articles" was significant difference in order to "update scientific information" and "research" (p<0.05). “PhD and master students”, compared to other levels of education, used “journal articles” more. While, in using the “communication and consultation with foreign experts and researchers”, “participating in foreign congresses”, and “personal experiences”, there was significant differences; So that, PhDs used them more than the others.

---

Background and Aim: Media and social networks have commanded many challenges for print media. Apparently, audiences' behaviors are changing by searching through the internet to find free news and information. Accordingly, the study was aimed at identifying factors affecting the competition between print media and social networks for survival, the case study of Khorasan Newspaper. 
Method: A qualitative study conducted on grounded theory with interviews. Text mining and coding techniques were employed for data analysis. After studying the existing scientific documents and analytical interviews with scholars and experts in Khorasan Newspaper, marketing dimensions and indicators were determined to recommend a framework for competition between print media and social networks for survival.
Findings: Results indicated the main categories including: Causal conditions (dynamism, services - innovative, pace, multimedia nature and advertisements); the main category of competitiveness in survival (strategic, modern strategy, organizational knowledge, planning for survival, priority of survival, dynamic change-oriented, and specialized technologic innovation), strategy (customer orientation, networking and communicational skills in organization), context (change management, complexity of customers' conditions, and environment), external confounding conditions (infrastructural and organizational capabilities, knowledge management, and organizational learning), and implications (tangible, such as survival, organizational maturity and excellence, acquisition of competitive advantage, reduction of customer fall rate, increase in new customer attraction rate, keeping customers, and rise of income, as well as intangible implications such as enhancement of customer satisfaction, economic and cultural growth of society, organizational agility, increase on innovation potential, promotion of position in media market, improvement of organizational performance and productivity).
Discussion and Conclusion: Print media must apply to:  Strategic, modern, organizational knowledge, strategic survival planning, priority of survival, dynamic change-oriented, and technologic innovation competitiveness.

---

---