Human Information Interaction

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Background and Aim: Human Knowledge depends on data and information that is emerged and transffered from different channels. The dessimination process is different from type, form of transfer, and distribution based on information or awareness. This survey compares the librarians and information scienctist’s information transferring capabilities in mass media and social networks.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey, descriptive and applied - 94 librarians in the cities of Torbat Heidariyeh and Gonabad. The data was collected by a researcher made questionnaire and the Census method was utilized.  Data was analyzed by Wilcakson Test.
Results: Mass media and social networks have their own unique abilities and both are used for information and knowledge transffering. The cost of social media networks is cheaper than media. Most of the participants claim that social networks do a better job of transferring information today.
Conclusion: Media and social networks overlap in most aspects of dissiminating information. In general the strength and capabilities of social networks was much higher than social media. The results will help select a better media and work better in the field of information transferring.

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Background and Aim: According to the social media development in libraries and necessity of social media literacy for librarians, the aim of this study was to elucidate the viewpoints and experiences of librarians about social media literacy. Also, strategies for increasing librarians' social media literacy was suggested.

Method: A qualitative study with University librarians in Sistan district was performed using interview method. Fourteen out of 40 university librarians were studied using convenience sampling method. Content analysis approach was used to analyze data.

Results: Themes such as "Network awareness, proper incorporation and   understanding of social media, observance of copyright law and personal privacy, critical and evaluative use, exchange of information, and targeted use," were derived from findings. Librarians accentuated the importance of social media literacy education.

Conclusion: Planning for formal and informal instruction of social media literacy as an essential part of information society should be pursued thoroughly. Social media literacy culture requires to be promoted. Attention to the production of practical works in social media literacy field is essential, especially among librarians

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Background and Aim: Social media because of its interactive nature and the fact that it is   being free of charge is widely used in libraries. Web 2.0 is a tool that offers permanent connection every time and offers educational programs without limitations of place and time. But what is included in social media application in public libraries and what obstacles and problems are there in the way of using these tools in libraries. So, the main objective was to survey librarians’ viewpoints in Kermanshah on social media and obstacles that exists in its use. 

Method: This is a qualitative research using insightful interviews. 27 librarians in Kermanshah public libraries took part in the study. Sampling was done in a systematic method and continued until the saturation of information. Data analysis was done with information gathering in a subject analysis approach.

Results: Data analysis leading to extraction of 47 sub-subjects, 9 main subjects and two general categories including: Applications, obstacles and problems. 7 main subjects identified in category of applications: Publication, scientific connection and promotion, position promotion, utilization of services and use of library, improvement of processes, recognition and gaining of support. Also, in the category of personal problems, obstacles and non-personal problems two main subjects were identified.

Conclusion: Due to the immensity and diversity of public libraries  services for divergent users, social media have an additional and diverse applications.  Also, because of socio-  economic, cultural and social conditions in public libraries, there are numerous obstacles in use of these tools. However,  with the exclusion of obstacles - in reaching the objectives of public libraries -  promotion of citizens' per study could optimize applications of social media as a influential tool

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Background and aim: An important factor to tendency for read and increase per capita reading is enjoy the reading. Pleasure reading has significant impact on the continuity of reading and lifelong readers. This is very important in Iran due low per capita. It must be understood what factors are influencing and creating of Pleasure reading. Therefore, this study aim is, identify the experiences of Kermanshah public librarians and public libraries’ members about effective factors on Pleasure reading.

Methods: This study was qualitative methodological approach and methodology, subject analysis. Data were collected using in-deep interview. The research participants consisted of 33 people who were public librarians and public libraries’ members of Kermanshah city in 2016. Sampling was done in a systematic method and continued until the saturation of information. Data analysis was done with information gathering in a subject analysis approach.

Result: Analyzing data showed 13 primary codes, 16 sub-themes and 22 themes in 2 basic subjects as internal and external factors. The internal factors included Interest, spontaneity and discretion, the notion of reading, motivations, needs and goals, forehead knowledge, feelings, application review, cognition, communication and relations and links. The external factors as issue of foundations included Family, education, libraries, content creators, content distributors, and media and as issue of the conditions and facilities included Subject matter, time, place, and reading tools.

Conclusion: The results show that Pleasure reading depends on the internal and external factors. So, on one side is individual and on the other side are factors such as family, education, libraries and like this that, both of them, with the coordination and efforts can receive to aim of Pleasure reading.

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Background and Aim: Thinking is an active, purposeful, organized cognitive process which is used to mean the world. Successful thinking will solve the problems that we face with them constantly, make clever decisions, and achieve the goals we determin in our lives. Critical thinking is a process in which we examine our thoughts and opinions, and get a better understanding. Asking, analyzing and meaning are three processes that we examine our own thoughts and others, and, based on that, we make the best decisions that are in the subcategory of critical thinking, and there are several factors that can be applied to it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on the critical thinking of librarians in the National Library of Iran.
Methods: 229 librarians from the National Library of Iran were selected by simple random sampling method and included the standard questionnaire of California's Contemporary Thinking Skills (1990) and the emotional intelligence of Nokia and Ayazo (2009).
Results: Data were analyzed by two-variable linear regression and Friedman tests. The results showed that emotional intelligence and its dimensions on the critical thinking of librarians from the National Library of Iran had a significant effect (p<0.01). The results also showed that among the effective dimensions of emotional intelligence, management of relations (with a mean score of = 3.05) in the first rank, self-awareness (with an average rating = 2.79), self-management (with a mean of = 2.12) ranked fourth in the third place and social awareness (with an average rating of = 2.04).
Conclusion: To mprove critical thinking Natioal Library staff require to enhance their emotional intelligence and social awareness factors.

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Background and aim: The effective communication of librarians with their counterparts, referrers and relevant authorities is a major factor in the success of libraries and the need for librarians of the current age. Creating and applying effective communication is influenced by several factors. The present research seeks to identify the effective factors in the creation and application of effective communication by librarians of public libraries from the viewpoint of librarians in public libraries of Kermanshah.
Methods: this research has been done in a qualitative cognitive approach and the method is content analysis. Data has been gathered with deep interview technique. Contributors are 19 librarians of public libraries in winter 2018. Sampling was done in a purposeful method and continued up to saturation on information. The content analysis method was used to analyze the results. Data gathering was done at the same time with data gathering.
Results: The analysis of interviewing data cause the formation of 106 concepts that were categorized in 20 sub-categories and finally classified in 3 categories: individual factors, out of the library factors, and inside the library factors. 20 sub-categories include moral and personality features; appearance features; Skills and abilities; professional knowledge; experience; demographic characteristics of librarians; personal beliefs and type of viewpoint; physical and psychological conditions of the librarian; cultural factors; demographic characteristics of the audience; Ethical and personality characteristics of the audience; Physical and mental conditions of the audience; Capacity and ability of the audience; The audience's attitude toward the library and librarian; Need and aim; education; job satisfaction; environmental conditions; human and physical facilities, organizational chart, and administrative rules
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that some factors as effective barriers to effective communication, have a negative effect on the creation and realization of the relationship, while others have a positive effect. Some factors are directly communicative skills that must be learned or reinforced in person, and others are factors that provide the setting for the advent and maintenance of effective communication.
 

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Background and Aim: This study attempted to investigate Khouzestan Institute for Higher Education students' viewpoints on librarians' nonverbal communication skills and their roles to attract the audience.
Methods: This is an analytical survey which used a researcher-made questionnaire to measure librarians’ communication skills in five dimensions by 39 statements. It also measured students’ satisfaction of librarians’ performance through one question. The population consisted of 3500 bachelor students enrolled in second semester of 2016-2017 academic year. According to Krejcie and Morgan Table, 346 students were determined as the sample. Using SPSS v.20 software, descriptive and inferential statistics were applied.
Results: From the students point of view the total score of nonverbal communication skills of librarians was 4.58±0.71. The highest means belonged to “facial expression” (4.70±.30) and “their situations and hints (4.64±.468). The score of students’ satisfaction with librarians was 4.68±0.47, accordingly.   
Conclusion: There are a lot of research on non-verbal communications skills in general; however, there was no sufficient research on librarian's non-verbal communication skills. Library in academic institutions, where librarians interact with the youth, non-verbal communication skills may prevent many unnecessary encounters.