Search published articles
Showing 16 results for Rg
Mohammad Hassanzade, Sakineh Alipour-Irangh, ,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and knowledge sharing at national information centers in Iran.
Method: This applied research was carried out using two questionnaires and a checklist. Data were collected from all the managers, but stratified random sample of staff members of three: main national information centers (National library, Regional Information Center of Science and Technology [RICEST], and Iranian Institute for Information Science and Technology).
Results: research findings indicated that: A) from managers point of view, lowest relationship between social capital and knowledge sharing belonged to the national library. But results gained from staff members credited the lowest situation to the RICEST; B) all of three information centers coined low range of knowledge sharing, therein, National Library with mean 2.17 out of 5 was the tallest among others; C) National Library was the highest among other centers regarding three dimensions (Relations, Trust and Shared norms) of social capital; D) Relationship between knowledge sharing and trust in all three institutes was significant But in Iranian Institute for Information science and Technology the relationship was more outstanding than others; and E) there was significant relationship between shared norms and knowledge sharing in all institutes.
Conclusion: In order for the National Information centers to improve the knowledge sharing culture among their staff members they should internalize mutual trust, provide them with shared norms and improve organizational communication
Soliman Shafee, Mohsen Nowkarizi, Zahra Jafarzade Kermani,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2016)
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2016)
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the sources of knowledge, the effect of integrated life cycle model of Dalkr organizational knowledge on Knowledge documentation and a model of practical knowledge documentation in state Universities in Iran's central library
Methodology: research method is Survey and it is practical. Sample of the study covering directors, assistants and administrators in various parts of the central libraries of state universities.community members were 172. Which 113 members was selected based on the size of the population and Morgan and Krejcie sample through stratified random sampling. Of that number, 100 people responded to a questionnaire and return the questionnaires was 88%. E-researcher-made questionnaire with 100 questions. Its validity was confirmed through 8 out of seminary professors and reliability, according to the average Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated 87.45
Results: Multiple regression results show integrated life cycle of Dalkr organizational knowledge was effective on Knowledge documentation and recorded variables, share and evaluate the beta 51/0, 37/0 and -0/28 highest impact on knowledge documentation. The final model consisted of three variables extracted, refine and share the path with the direct effect and 39/0, 34/0 and 27/0 and two variable evaluation / selection and indirect effects and total access path 22 / 0 and 25/0 respectively. The results of exploratory factor analysis resulted in three factors extracted implied knowledge of managers, extraction new knowledge from sources of objective knowledge and resources of objective knowledge to web mining and Data minig and the total was 35/63% of the total variance explanation
Originality/ value: This is the first study in the field of Knowledge documentation in public universities in Iran's central libraries to model of practical knowledge documentation
Leila Khalili, Aziz Hedayati Khoshemehr, Samad Rasoulzadeh Aghdam, Behnaz Sheibany,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Information literacy is a key element in the development of an independent and effective learning in higher education in the 21st century. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between information literacy and learning motivation in undergraduate students. In addition, the mean score of information literacy was measured based on educational and demographic variables.
Methods: This applied research carried out with a quantitative approach and survey method. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire. The study population was undergraduate students at Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University and 379 samples were selected using stratified random sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics analyses (Pearson correlation, independent T and ANOVA) were performed using SPSS software.
Results: Students' information literacy based on five standards was 2.48. Based on the findings of the Pearson correlation coefficient with 99 percent confident there was positive and significant relationship between information literacy and learning motivation. In addition there was positive and significant relationship between information literacy and Grade Point Average (GPA) of students with 99 percent confident. Based on independent T-test was not observed a significant difference in male and female students' information literacy. ANOVA test showed a significant difference with 99 percent confident between information literacy and entrance year of students. Based on ANOVA test there was no significant differences on students' information literacy based on field of study.
Conclusion: Students' information literacy unsatisfactory. Information literacy had a positive relationship with learning motivation. Also there was a positive relationship between information literacy and academic performance (GPA). Information literacy of senior students was more than freshmen. Information literacy of students in four areas of study (Humanities, Engineering, Agriculture and Science) was almost similar.
Zahed Bigdeli, Atousa Koochak,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Volume 5, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: With changes in the paradigm of information seeking field and the replacement of system-based approach by user-based one, it seems necessary to design systems to achieve Information seeking goals. This requires mutual interactions of users and systems and establishing relationships between information seeking and information retrieval. A number of models were created after the introduction of new technologies into information seeking field which present information search trends as dynamic activities and describe how to meet the users’ demands. The research attempted to investigate how the undergraduates of the Water Sciences Engineering School of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz searched the information on the Internet and then compare their “information seeking” behavior with Kuhlthau “information search process”.
Methods: This was an applied research using descriptive survey method. The statistical population was comprised of all undergraduates of the Water Sciences Engineering School of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz (N=204) out of whom 102 subjects (51 freshmen and 51 sophomores) were selected via random sampling who received questionnaires.
Results: The data analysis revealed that from the stages of Kuhlthau model, freshmen and seniors tended to ignore “beginning” and “Selection stages”. Subjects would prioritize four stages of “exploration”, “formulation”, “collection” and “presentation” while “exploration” and “collection” stages were the best stages for the intervention of librarians in the search process. Also, data analysis showed that the students used “information bases”, search engines and topic indices equally while they employed search tools such as “Title” and “N operator” more than other search tools.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the pattern used by students was comprised of 4 stages which were in contrast to kuhlthau model in both terms of the number and order of stages. In the end, a new internet search pattern used by students was recognized and presented through the results obtained from the comparisons of both groups of subjects.
Fatemeh Navidi, Mohammad Hasanzadeh, Yazdan Mansourian,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background/aim. Considering the underlying role played by knowledge management in project-based organizations; and, the fact that knowledge audit is the most important step in supplying, maintaining and updating the content of knowledge management systems; this research effort is aimed at designing an appropriate knowledge audit model based on the requirements and factors of knowledge audit in project-based organizations.
Methodology.This research is an applied research with a mixed-methods approach (both quantitative and qualitative). To be more exact, several methods such as documentary study method, exploratory study method, the survey method, factor analysis and thematic analysis were employed to establish a weighted knowledge audit model based on the requirements, associated with project- based organizations.The statistical population of this study for collecting qualitative data were 13 experts of knowledge management and the statistical population of collecting quantitative data were 220 project managers, project control experts and knowledge managers from 4 project-based organizations (ICT Research Institute, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Niroo Research Institute; and, Iranian Space Research Center).
Findings. The findings of this analysis demonstrate that all five factors of knowledge audit in project- based organizations constitute the final structural model for knowledge audit, and the appropriate knowledge audit model for project-based organizations includes five factors: (1) knowledge need analysis; (2) knowledge inventory analysis; (3) knowledge valuation, (4) knowledge flow analysis; and, (5) knowledge application analysis. Among these factors, knowledge valuation with its factor loading of 0.9 is the most important factor.
Conclusion. 5 factors and 54 subfactors of Knowledge audit have highly-desired factor loading values and exert impact within the knowledge audit model for project-based organizations. Moreover, the final model displays a fair goodness-of-fit.
Hosein Khaleghi, Dr Mohamad Lagzian, Dr Shas-O-Din Nazemi, Dr Gholamreza Malekzadeh,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fast pace of progress in technology with its transformations has become an elephant in darkness that different people have different perceptions toward that. Since people in organizations behave according to their own perception of reality, exploring and describing perception and interpreting power of technology could be influential in interpersonal communications made among employees. The target of present study is to deeply describe experiences and diverse perceptions of faculty members of a university from power of technology in interpersonal communications in a way to familiarize managers and employees with new and variant attitudes toward technology and its dominance.
Methods: The research approach is qualitative in this research and is based on phenomenography approach to achieve deep understanding of collective consciousness among those being studied. Participants are thirteen members of faculty selected through maximum variation sampling to achieve theoretical saturation. Six category of descriptions were obtained at individual, organizational, and social levels through analysis of semi-structured interviews.
Results: At the individual level, two perception methods, including the concept based on individual isolation (little emotional relations, distrust) and hypocritical behaviors (variant behaviors and self-monitoring), are formed; and at the organizational level, social networks, monitoring communications (senior authority, dominance of control in organizational relationships), and weakening the role of human are formed; and at the social level, a category consisting the culture of ostentatious behaviors is formed. In continuation, the obtained category of descriptions cleared the outcome space a bigger structure to relate different methods of experiencing phenomenon and to provide a better multidimensional image of various concepts of individuals being studied.
Conclusion: Findings can be a great help in better understanding of collective consciousness toward technology power in a particular group of people and also better preparing organization to face it.
Dr. Saleh Rahimi, , ,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bearing in mind the importance of knowledge activities, the purpose of this study is to determine the status of knowledge activities in individual and organizational dimensions amongst academic and public librarians in Kermanshah province.
Methods: Survey method is applied. Data was collected by Huang questionnaire, which was distributed among the 170 librarians selected as sample. Sample size was determined by Cochran's formula. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Findings Showed that the highest average of knowledge activities in individual dimensions is correlated to the component of knowledge absorption and the lowest is related to knowledge diffusion and in organizational dimensions. Also, the highest average is related to the component of knowledge integration and the lowest is tied in the component of knowledge breadth. There was no significant difference between public and academic librarians (except for knowledge barriers) in comparing the status of knowledge activities in individual and organizational dimensions. The average score of the studied librarians regarding the status of knowledge activities in organizational dimensions is significantly higher than knowledge activities in individual dimensions. The status of knowledge activities in individual and organizational dimensions in public and academic libraries is at a desirable level.
Conclusion: Due to the low average of knowledge obstacles and knowledge breadth in comparison with other components, it is urgent that library managers hold seminars and conferences and encourage the librarians to take part in those programs and help them share their ideas and thoughts. The managers should also organize educational programs with the help of experienced librarians that help the novice librarians in regard with knowledge acquisition, job responsibilities, educational resources and library databases.
, ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Aim: There is a framework of the organizational cybernetics so-called Viable System Model (VSM) that identifies a viable management plan in all general key channels of information that need to be maintained. The purpose was to evaluate the constructive facets of the organization and identify areas of organizations cybernetics.
Methodology: Theoretical analysis method evaluates the VSM among the scientific articles published from 2000 to 2020, which are indexed in Scopus and ISI databases. Thus, of 180 articles, the abstract and content of 51 were reviewed.
Findings: A viable system (VS) is composed of five interactive sub-systems which may mapped on aspects of organizational structure. The study of the organizations’ collaboration based on the type of environment among the selected articles stated that the highest rate of application of the VSM with 52.9% were in industrial units and then educational institutions with 21.6%.
Conclusion: Understanding the structure and operational functions, evaluating the complexities of systems and its subsets and guiding effective mechanisms in achieving the goals and maintaining the sustainability of the organization are the most important advantages and achievements of the VSM with the organizational cybernetic approach. Using the VSM of software allows users to structure, design and review the system levels of organizations well.
Somayeh Ghavidel, Dr. Amir Hossein Seddighi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (12-2020)
Volume 7, Issue 2 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Information Architecture is an organizational meta-method that adopts a tactical approach to the specialized information of the organization using an integrated framework and empowers the management of organizational resources by acquiring and upgrading new information technologies. Therefore, it is essential to be part of the current processes of the organization and the insurance industry.
Method: Mixed research method is applied, in which evaluation, observation and researcher experience, checklist, and analytical review of the website is analyzed. Population is the Central Insurance of the Islamic Republic of Iran website, in which the four components of Information Architecture including organization, labeling, navigation, and search systems are examined based on context, content and user.
Findings: Conferring the research findings, the checklist score of the Insurance website for organization system is 17 points. Furthermore, the rates of positive answers to the total number of questions are 45.94%, 54.38%, 53.84% and 45.65% for organization, labeling, navigation, and search systems respectively. The results indicate that the Insurance website has a moderate to weak position from the organization and search point of view and has a moderate position in the labeling and navigation system.
Conclusion: Information Architecture provides the foundation of the information systems architecture from the underlying level to the interface level for the improvement and excellence of the organization. The checklist used in this research can be useful for evaluating organizational websites and provide added value to the organization, and also can improve the planning and strategic decisions of organization's policy makers.
Mrs Maryam Tavosi, Mr Nader Naghshineh,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
Purpose: This is an applied research, with the aim of a comparative study of the presence and participation of Iranian and international researchers affiliated with the top scientific centers (Times Ranking 2020), in the Research Gate research network. Altimetric indicators, such as "RG score", "Reads", "number of registrations" and "number of research items" were considered.
Methodology: Survey performed with altimetric approach and analytical method. Sample of top 10 universities in Iran and 10 scientific centers around the world by Times Ranking performance index of education, research, knowledge transfer, and international perspective done. First, a comparative study of the activities of Iranian researchers with one another, then of international researchers completed separately. Lastly, an analysis of the differences in performance amongst these two groups was performed by "Libre Office Calc" software.
Findings: Among Times top 10 international scientific institutes, the indicators of "number of registrations," "RG-score per member," "number of publications per member" and "reads" the highest rates were observed in researchers at Cambridge University in London, the California research center, and the California research center at Oxford university, respectively. Among the top 10 Universities in Iran, the indicators of "number of registrations," "RPG score per media member," "number of research copies per member" and "reading rate of research copies, "among the researchers with organizational affiliation to the Amir Kabir University of technology, Tehran University of medical sciences, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran university of medical sciences, the highest amount was observed. The total "average score per member" at the international level was 8.4 and at the Iranian level was 5.1. The "average reads" index for the top 10 universities or research institutes at the international level was 154990.2. The figure was obtained for the top 10 universities in Iran, 22736.1.
Conclusion: Researchers affiliated with top universities in Iran, compared to their international counterparts, have a stronger social interaction in terms of indicators of ResearchGate in activities such as "enquiring," "answering questions" and "suggestion." Although the difference between the number of research items shared internationally is more than 3 times that of Iran, but the average RG score is not seen 3 times that of Iran globally. So, the high RG score is not related to the number of research items on the ResearchGate. Also, comparative study on the presence and activities of researchers affiliated with Times top Universities in Iran and internationally could lead to better future.
Ali Biranvand, Sanaz Zareei, Maryam Golshani,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Volume 7, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Purpose. The ultimate goal of innovative behavior is to improve performance of the individual, group, and ultimately organization all together. Many factors are influential in the realization of innovative behavior of employees of an organization. In this study, the influence of two factors of organizational climate and knowledge sharing has been reflected.
Method. The study uses an applied descriptive survey method. Population includes all official 373 employees of knowledge-based companies in Fars province (1399). Sample was189 individuals selected by simple random sampling method using Cochran's formula. Data collection was conducted by: Standard Questionnaires of Organizational Climate ( Book et al., 2005), Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire (Hoff and Reader, 2004), and Innovative Behavior Questionnaire (Johnson and Welba, 2004). Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling tests were used for data analysis.
Findings. The results show that organizational climate has a direct and positive effect on innovative behavior and knowledge sharing. Conversely, knowledge sharing also has a direct and positive effect on innovative behavior. The direct effect of organizational climate on innovative behavior is 0.52, which is strengthened by the role of knowledge sharing and increases by 0.83, which means that knowledge sharing by 0.31 has increased the organizational climate effect on innovative behavior.
Discussion and conclusion. Appropriately understanding - the type of relationship and how to influence organizational climate and knowledge sharing on the innovative performance of employees in knowledge-based companies - managers will be able to take more appropriate measures to instigate innovation in the company to increase organizational productivity, planning and management.
Ali Khobreh, Mohammad Reza Kashefi Neyshabouri, Abdullah Naami, Syyed Mahmood Hashemi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (2-2022)
Volume 8, Issue 4 (2-2022)
Abstract
Objective: Study clarifies the effect of greening Porter's competitive advantage in the marketing process by emphasizing the marketing information system.
Method: Study used applied developmental and qualitative method. Population included experts and marketing and environmental experts of oil companies, from which 13 samples were selected by targeted snowball method for semi-structured interviews. A content analysis method based on data foundation theory was used to analyze the data. Appropriate codes were assigned to different parts of the data and concepts were determined. Selective coding allowed to refine categories and the main dimensions of the research emerged in the form of causal, pivotal, contextual, intervening, strategies, and accordingly to determine emergence of Porter's competitive advantage in the marketing process.
Findings: Findings showed that entrepreneurial behaviors and managerial factors provide the basis for sustainable green marketing and then green social responsibility for oil companies. Meanwhile, organizational agility paves the way for sustainable green marketing and social responsibility. Green marketing also affects the positioning of green and ultimately green competitive advantage for the company and customers by influencing the capabilities of the company, production factors and environmental factors.
Conclusion: Results showed that the green marketing process is a complex process that affects the agility of the organization, entrepreneurial behavior and managerial factors leads to green positioning and ultimately, a green competitive advantage for the company and customers
Method: Study used applied developmental and qualitative method. Population included experts and marketing and environmental experts of oil companies, from which 13 samples were selected by targeted snowball method for semi-structured interviews. A content analysis method based on data foundation theory was used to analyze the data. Appropriate codes were assigned to different parts of the data and concepts were determined. Selective coding allowed to refine categories and the main dimensions of the research emerged in the form of causal, pivotal, contextual, intervening, strategies, and accordingly to determine emergence of Porter's competitive advantage in the marketing process.
Findings: Findings showed that entrepreneurial behaviors and managerial factors provide the basis for sustainable green marketing and then green social responsibility for oil companies. Meanwhile, organizational agility paves the way for sustainable green marketing and social responsibility. Green marketing also affects the positioning of green and ultimately green competitive advantage for the company and customers by influencing the capabilities of the company, production factors and environmental factors.
Conclusion: Results showed that the green marketing process is a complex process that affects the agility of the organization, entrepreneurial behavior and managerial factors leads to green positioning and ultimately, a green competitive advantage for the company and customers
Mansour Torkiantabar,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the organizational learning process of university library librarians based on the Marquardt model.
Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey method. The statistical population includes 552 librarians at the libraries of the Islamic Azad University. The sample size was estimated to be 227 people using the Krejcie Morgan table. To collect the required data for the research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the five components of learning organization based on the Marquardt model (learning dynamics, organizational transformation, empowerment of individuals, knowledge management, and application of technology). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS26 statistical software and statistical formulas of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cronbach's alpha, and t-test.
Findings: The results showed that organizational learning in the libraries of Islamic Azad University has a favorable situation and this situation for all five components (learning dynamics, organizational change, empowerment, knowledge management, and technology application) Was also approved.
Conclusion: Although the results of this study indicate the favorable situation of organizational learning in the libraries of Islamic Azad University, the continuation of this type of learning due to the many changes and developments that we see in the world today for all organizations, especially types Libraries are a basic necessity.
Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey method. The statistical population includes 552 librarians at the libraries of the Islamic Azad University. The sample size was estimated to be 227 people using the Krejcie Morgan table. To collect the required data for the research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the five components of learning organization based on the Marquardt model (learning dynamics, organizational transformation, empowerment of individuals, knowledge management, and application of technology). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS26 statistical software and statistical formulas of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cronbach's alpha, and t-test.
Findings: The results showed that organizational learning in the libraries of Islamic Azad University has a favorable situation and this situation for all five components (learning dynamics, organizational change, empowerment, knowledge management, and technology application) Was also approved.
Conclusion: Although the results of this study indicate the favorable situation of organizational learning in the libraries of Islamic Azad University, the continuation of this type of learning due to the many changes and developments that we see in the world today for all organizations, especially types Libraries are a basic necessity.
Abolghasem Karimi, Alireza Rousta, Majid Ahmadi, Saeid Daniali,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
Information search strategies change rapidly in continuous mode, and successive searches gradually teach the user what can be retrieved inside the system. Users must be able to interact with the system appropriately to achieve their information needs. The information revolution is not a new issue, but understanding information seeking behavior is important and vital in this era. In future projects, extraordinary efforts should be made to create intelligent systems. Therefore, success or failure in this matter is not the responsibility of the new information technology, but it requires awareness of human needs and his behavior to obtain information. Therefore, in the companies based in Pardis Technology Park, according to the technology-oriented approach and innovation, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of market information learning and joint innovative capacities to improve the organization's performance. Generally, because the environment and technology are constantly and rapidly changing, and specifically, the demographic characteristics of customers and their expectations undergo changes and transformations, Certainly, in order to have a successful presence in the national and international arena and their dynamism, as well as greater adaptation to environmental changes, these companies should aim to activate their potentials through improving the performance of the organization. In fact, this research seeks to answer the question of what is the role of explaining the effect of market information learning ability and joint innovative capacities on the organization's performance with an information approach?
Methods and Materoal
This research is based on the applied purpose and according to the descriptive type of correlation, according to the model, we should use the structural equation modeling method. The statistical community of the research is top and middle managers of companies that are members of Pardis Technology Park in Tehran. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a sample and 400 questionnaires were distributed by available sampling method and 387 questionnaires were collected in 50 companies. The data collection method of this research was done by library method and using books and articles, and questionnaire was used in the field method. To measure the variable of market information learning ability with 7 items, internal learning ability with 10 items, relational learning ability with 7 items and administrative innovation with 6 items from Teece et al., 1997; Weerawardena et al., 2015; and to measure the variable of service innovation with 4 items and organization performance with 5 items from Thakur & Hale, 2013 questionnaire; and to measure the variable of shared innovative capacities with 3 items, Oly Ndubisi et al., 2019 questionnaire was used.
Resultss and Discussion
Demographic characteristics of the sample include gender, age and education. In the method of structural equation modeling, the fit of the model is checked to ensure the accuracy and correctness of the findings before implementing the model to test the hypotheses. Also, Cronbach's alpha indices of combined reliability of average variance were extracted and the coefficient of determination was used to measure the model. The average values of the extracted variance of all 7 model structures are at the optimal level. The amount of Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability is for all model constructs, so the questionnaire has good and acceptable reliability. The amount of Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability for all model constructs is more than 0/7, so the questionnaire has acceptable and acceptable reliability. The value of R2 for the endogenous constructs of the research confirms the appropriateness of the fit of the structural model. The results of the Q2 criterion for the endogenous structure indicate the appropriate predictive power of the model regarding the endogenous constructs of the research and indicate that the fitting model has appropriate and favorable predictive power. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to measure the reliability and validity of the measurement scale. The final results of the confirmatory factor analysis are reported in Table No. 4. Factor loadings greater than 5% have good validity. Figure 1, shows the confirmatory factor analysis for the whole model. Figure 2, shows the analysis of significant coefficients for the whole model. Since all the numbers on the paths are above 1/96%, it indicates the significance of the paths, the appropriateness of the structural model and the confirmation of all research hypotheses. The GOF criterion was used for the overall fit of the model, Since three values of 0/01, 0/25 and 0/36 are determined as weak, medium and strong values for GOF and on the other hand, the coefficient is in a good condition (0/598), Therefore, the results show that the fit of the model in the statistical population of the research is appropriate. Also, the t-test for all hypotheses is greater than 1/96. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the relationship between the variables is significant.
Conclusion
The present research was done by explaining the effect of market information learning ability and joint innovative capacities on the performance of the organization with an information approach. Organizational performance is a valuable activity at the community level. It also has a fundamental role in the economy and is considered as a useful tool to achieve economic growth and benefits of the organization. In fact, it is like an umbrella that includes all concepts related to the success and activities of the entire organization. In this research, 7 hypotheses were tested and the results of the hypothesis analysis indicate that the ability to learn market information plays a role in the internal learning ability (0/945) and the ability to learn interfaces (0/785) and internal learning ability (0/220) and interface learning ability (0/662) have been effective on administrative innovation. Also, administrative innovation has had an effect on the organization's performance (0/488), and shared innovative capacities have a significant effect on service innovation (0/904). Finally, service innovation has played a role in the organization's performance (0/590).
Methods and Materoal
This research is based on the applied purpose and according to the descriptive type of correlation, according to the model, we should use the structural equation modeling method. The statistical community of the research is top and middle managers of companies that are members of Pardis Technology Park in Tehran. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a sample and 400 questionnaires were distributed by available sampling method and 387 questionnaires were collected in 50 companies. The data collection method of this research was done by library method and using books and articles, and questionnaire was used in the field method. To measure the variable of market information learning ability with 7 items, internal learning ability with 10 items, relational learning ability with 7 items and administrative innovation with 6 items from Teece et al., 1997; Weerawardena et al., 2015; and to measure the variable of service innovation with 4 items and organization performance with 5 items from Thakur & Hale, 2013 questionnaire; and to measure the variable of shared innovative capacities with 3 items, Oly Ndubisi et al., 2019 questionnaire was used.
Resultss and Discussion
Demographic characteristics of the sample include gender, age and education. In the method of structural equation modeling, the fit of the model is checked to ensure the accuracy and correctness of the findings before implementing the model to test the hypotheses. Also, Cronbach's alpha indices of combined reliability of average variance were extracted and the coefficient of determination was used to measure the model. The average values of the extracted variance of all 7 model structures are at the optimal level. The amount of Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability is for all model constructs, so the questionnaire has good and acceptable reliability. The amount of Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability for all model constructs is more than 0/7, so the questionnaire has acceptable and acceptable reliability. The value of R2 for the endogenous constructs of the research confirms the appropriateness of the fit of the structural model. The results of the Q2 criterion for the endogenous structure indicate the appropriate predictive power of the model regarding the endogenous constructs of the research and indicate that the fitting model has appropriate and favorable predictive power. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to measure the reliability and validity of the measurement scale. The final results of the confirmatory factor analysis are reported in Table No. 4. Factor loadings greater than 5% have good validity. Figure 1, shows the confirmatory factor analysis for the whole model. Figure 2, shows the analysis of significant coefficients for the whole model. Since all the numbers on the paths are above 1/96%, it indicates the significance of the paths, the appropriateness of the structural model and the confirmation of all research hypotheses. The GOF criterion was used for the overall fit of the model, Since three values of 0/01, 0/25 and 0/36 are determined as weak, medium and strong values for GOF and on the other hand, the coefficient is in a good condition (0/598), Therefore, the results show that the fit of the model in the statistical population of the research is appropriate. Also, the t-test for all hypotheses is greater than 1/96. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the relationship between the variables is significant.
Conclusion
The present research was done by explaining the effect of market information learning ability and joint innovative capacities on the performance of the organization with an information approach. Organizational performance is a valuable activity at the community level. It also has a fundamental role in the economy and is considered as a useful tool to achieve economic growth and benefits of the organization. In fact, it is like an umbrella that includes all concepts related to the success and activities of the entire organization. In this research, 7 hypotheses were tested and the results of the hypothesis analysis indicate that the ability to learn market information plays a role in the internal learning ability (0/945) and the ability to learn interfaces (0/785) and internal learning ability (0/220) and interface learning ability (0/662) have been effective on administrative innovation. Also, administrative innovation has had an effect on the organization's performance (0/488), and shared innovative capacities have a significant effect on service innovation (0/904). Finally, service innovation has played a role in the organization's performance (0/590).
Abdulamir Mabhoot, Mohammad Reza Farhadpoor, Ebrahim Hoseini,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
One of the most important current debates in organizational information security is information leakage. Information leakage, which refers to the unauthorized sharing of information by one organization with another, is one of the serious problems faced by organizations. Information leakage can cause losses to the company and affect its ability to gain a competitive advantage. Information leakage includes two types of leakage or intentional or unintentional disclosure of data or exclusive content to unauthorized persons. Intentional information leakage includes the intentional disclosure of information by employees to unauthorized persons. Deliberate information leakage is often caused by employee dissatisfaction with the company or a motive for personal gain. The main cause of intentional information leakage is revenge or unethical behavior of employees who are willing to betray their company or disclose sensitive information to competitors. In other words, if employees are not aware of how much information to disclose to outsiders, then unwanted/inadvertent information leakage may occur. These cases damage the reputation of the organization, its income and business. As a result, the pervasiveness of this uncertainty about information security in the work environment puts the organization's information assets at risk. In order to minimize or prevent information leakage, it is important to investigate and identify the factors that lead to this happening.
Regardless of the type of information leakage and the related motives, the impact of these actions in itself can lead to financial losses, disruption of the organization, loss of reputation and long-term impact on the organizational culture. Although the phenomenon of information leakage may happen in any organization; But considering the opportunities and values that every organization loses as a result, its importance can be understood. For this reason, the consequences of information leakage will be different from one organization to another, and accordingly, its degree of importance will also be different. The study and identification of factors affecting the phenomenon of information leakage is interesting from several aspects. First, the airport environment with the presence of various airlines is an example of a highly competitive market where the actions and operations of the airport are exposed to the customers. The second point is that the customers of the airport system are heterogeneous and may be people of different nationalities. Third point, the issue of security in airport systems is a complex and interesting phenomenon that is provided by the participation of different organizations. The fourth point is that the flow of information in the airport system is intense, intra-organizational and trans-organizational/cross-border. The fifth point is that the occurrence of an error in the flow of information in airport systems can have unfortunate human, financial, and other consequences. Considering these points, the present study was conducted at Ahvaz International Airport. Preventing information leakage is one of the most important security issues at Ahvaz International Airport. Because with the loss of data, the reputation of the airport is damaged and it loses its customers, it has to pay a high cost to fix the damages, and this will sometimes lead to the destruction of the organization. According to the mentioned contents, this research seeks to answer the question, what are the factors affecting organizational information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport? How are they ranked? Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting organizational information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport using the Hierarchical Analysis Process.
Methods
Since the ultimate goal of the current research was to improve the understanding of the problem of information leakage as an important concern for the organization and to find a practical solution to reduce it, it is practical research in terms of the goal. Also, from the point of view of nature, the current research is descriptive-exploratory; Because what follows the data follower approach to "describe" and "interpret" the factors affecting organizational information leakage as it is. The research community was all information security experts in different parts of Ahvaz Airport; that by the snowball method (because it was difficult to identify the experts and the possibility of contacting and accessing them) 15 experts in the information security field of Ahvaz Airport (having relevant work experience of more than 15 years, a master's degree or higher and familiar with security issue and information leakage). In this study, the library method was used to compile the theoretical foundations of the research, the background of the research and the design of the decision tree. Then, the field method was used to distribute the five-point paired comparison questionnaire to collect data. The first questionnaire was taken from the research literature and was distributed among 15 experts using the Delphi technique. Opinions were sought from the expert group of the Delphi study, in the form of sending a structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale, consisting of 22 questions, in two rounds with the participation of 15 people, in such a way that first, the first questionnaire consisting of 22 questions was sent to the members of the Delphi group. After distributing and collecting completed questionnaires and evaluating the results of this Delphi round, 5 main factors and 21 important sub-factors were identified (laws and regulations sub-factor with an average of 2.87±83 and a t value of 0.61 was not recognized as significant and was excluded from the questionnaire for the second round) and after twenty days, from the initial opinion poll, the important factors were re-evaluated in order to conduct the next round of Delphi in the form of a questionnaire with 21 questions related to the important sub-factors, the collected data It showed the confirmation of all subfactors. Finally, the data was analyzed using the hierarchical analysis method and using Expert Choice software.
Resultss and Discussion
Based on the results, 5 main factors and 21 sub-factors affecting organizational information leakage were identified. The weighting and prioritization of indicators showed that intentional individual factors (0.277) ranked first, unintentional individual factors (0.235) ranked second, organizational factors (0.188) ranked third, infrastructural factors (0.167) ranked fourth and environmental factors (0.133) ranked fifth.
Conclusion
The results showed that information leakage is a complex phenomenon that various individual, organizational, infrastructural and environmental factors are involved in its occurrence. However, the first and second rank of the intentional and unintentional dimensions of information leakage by individuals, on the one hand, indicate the complexity of the information leakage phenomenon, and on the other hand, require a review in the strategies related to human resources management in Ahvaz International Airport.
Based on the results, intentional individual factors with a weight of 0.277 were the first effective factors on information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport. Also, among intentional individual sub-factors, personal greed with a weight of 0.232 was the most important sub-factor and the experience of invasion of privacy with a weight of 0.078 was the least important sub-factor. The findings confirmed that intentional information leakage due to human factors should still be of concern to managers. Since it is not possible to abandon human factors in the organizational life cycle of information, managers should accept this challenge and look for appropriate mechanisms. In other words, despite human factors, organizations face the challenge of intentional or unintentional information leakage. Intentional leakage of information in the organization may have happened due to personal greed against organizational interests, where employees are willing to sell the organization's information to competitors for material reasons and prefer their interests over the interests of the organization. Jealousy of a company employee to colleagues or employees of competing companies, being dissatisfied with the company or feeling a grudge for any reason also causes the intentional leakage of information. Disgruntled employees may also intentionally disclose important information to unauthorized parties. Unintentional individual factors with a weight of 0.235 were the second most effective factors on information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport. Also, among unintentional individual sub-factors, negligence with a weight of 0.283 was the most important sub-factor and the use of contract and temporary employees with a weight of 0.133 was the least important sub-factor. An inadvertent leak occurs when an insider inadvertently discloses business-critical information that is not intended to be shared with third parties. Unintentional individual threat is the potential behavior of an individual who has access to the network, system or data of an organization through an accidental act or action, without malicious intent, and causes damage or significantly increases the likelihood of serious damage in the future to confidentiality, integrity Or the value of the organization's information.
Organizational factors with a weight of 0.188 were the third most effective factors on information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport. Also, among the organizational sub-factors, lack of understanding the value of information with a weight of 0.392 was the most important sub-factor and lack of proper intra-organizational communication with a weight of 0.262 was the least important sub-factor. The first is a lack of understanding of the value of information. Employees evaluate information differently depending on the hierarchical level, the type of information and the type of organizational structure. Employees' perception of the value of information is described by various researchers as an important aspect. This lack of awareness leads to the fact that the value of information is not clear, so the negative consequences of information leakage are not taken seriously by them. The second case is inappropriate organizational structure. Large companies are sensitive to data protection in the long term. Smaller companies do not have such extensive awareness. In general, organizational structure in terms of formality and existing control mechanisms may affect information leakage. The third case is the lack of proper communication within the organization. To achieve shared understanding, communication is required to convey a set of necessary values and norms that define the rules or context of interaction. Infrastructural factors with a weight of 0.167 were the fourth most effective factor on information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport. Similarly, among the infrastructure sub-factors, the weakness of information systems with a weight of 0.418 was the most important sub-factor and the presence of security holes in the network infrastructure with a weight of 0.258 was the least important sub-factor. The first is the weakness of information systems. Buying an incomplete information system and weak design of information systems may cause serious problems for organizations. Mechanisms that insiders use to perform business tasks based on their usual information systems can also be used to steal information assets. To prevent leakage and theft of information, mechanisms and protective measures against these methods should be used. The second case is improper use of physical means of data storage (hard drives, USB, CD, etc.). These days, most of the information inside the organization is stored electronically, the media of this information are hard drives, C drives. D. and U. S. etc.) are physical tools that are likely to be physically stolen. Preventing leakage with these devices requires implementing physical security measures. The third thing is the presence of security holes in the network infrastructure. The organization's networks are one of the essential parts of the organization's information technology infrastructure. There are several types of communication in the network. Internal-to-external communication includes any communication that is initiated within the boundaries of the organization and whose destination is outside the organization.
Finally, environmental factors with a weight of 0.133 were the fifth most effective factors on information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport. Also, among the environmental sub-factors, the stakeholders' request for information about security incidents with a weight of 0.416 was the most important sub-factor and the requirements of business partners with a weight of 0.259 was the least important sub-factor. One of the input sources that shape the behavior of people in an organization is the organizational environment. Employee decisions are influenced by environmental structure, the availability of environmental information, and the relevant meaning that employees assign to environmental information. The first case is the request of stakeholders to inform about security incidents. In the recent era, the demand for the type of information leakage events for companies is more intense, external and internal stakeholders are constantly concerned about maintaining a good public image of the organization. Overall, public interest in data breach incidents appears to exert pressure on organizations, while organizational responses are dynamic and appear to change over time. If stakeholder expectations are ignored and social influence is allowed to run its course, political and legal pressure will build, often leading to negative corporate outcomes. Stakeholder dissatisfaction arises when corporate actions do not meet societal expectations, and the gap between corporate actions and stakeholder expectations widens as public trust declines. Therefore, the greater the employees' understanding of information protection as a social expectation, the greater the perception of public leakage events as a threat to the company's image.
In general, the results show that information leakage is a major concern for organizations. In this context, the more the organization depends on information assets, the more relevant the concern of information leakage becomes. In such a situation, the taste of the competitors is stimulated more and more to think of the necessary mechanism to deal with it by getting the information of the organization, while being aware of the related organization's plans. Therefore, the identification of factors affecting information leakage in the form of 21 sub-factors in 5 groups provided the necessary insight to the managers of Ahvaz airport to strengthen the vulnerable points by adopting the necessary measures such as building trust, strengthening the sense of cooperation, observing professional ethics. , using motivational measures, raising awareness of the value of information, proper training of employees regarding information security, redesigning information systems, and designing targeted programs regarding information storage, sharing, and transfer.
Regardless of the type of information leakage and the related motives, the impact of these actions in itself can lead to financial losses, disruption of the organization, loss of reputation and long-term impact on the organizational culture. Although the phenomenon of information leakage may happen in any organization; But considering the opportunities and values that every organization loses as a result, its importance can be understood. For this reason, the consequences of information leakage will be different from one organization to another, and accordingly, its degree of importance will also be different. The study and identification of factors affecting the phenomenon of information leakage is interesting from several aspects. First, the airport environment with the presence of various airlines is an example of a highly competitive market where the actions and operations of the airport are exposed to the customers. The second point is that the customers of the airport system are heterogeneous and may be people of different nationalities. Third point, the issue of security in airport systems is a complex and interesting phenomenon that is provided by the participation of different organizations. The fourth point is that the flow of information in the airport system is intense, intra-organizational and trans-organizational/cross-border. The fifth point is that the occurrence of an error in the flow of information in airport systems can have unfortunate human, financial, and other consequences. Considering these points, the present study was conducted at Ahvaz International Airport. Preventing information leakage is one of the most important security issues at Ahvaz International Airport. Because with the loss of data, the reputation of the airport is damaged and it loses its customers, it has to pay a high cost to fix the damages, and this will sometimes lead to the destruction of the organization. According to the mentioned contents, this research seeks to answer the question, what are the factors affecting organizational information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport? How are they ranked? Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting organizational information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport using the Hierarchical Analysis Process.
Methods
Since the ultimate goal of the current research was to improve the understanding of the problem of information leakage as an important concern for the organization and to find a practical solution to reduce it, it is practical research in terms of the goal. Also, from the point of view of nature, the current research is descriptive-exploratory; Because what follows the data follower approach to "describe" and "interpret" the factors affecting organizational information leakage as it is. The research community was all information security experts in different parts of Ahvaz Airport; that by the snowball method (because it was difficult to identify the experts and the possibility of contacting and accessing them) 15 experts in the information security field of Ahvaz Airport (having relevant work experience of more than 15 years, a master's degree or higher and familiar with security issue and information leakage). In this study, the library method was used to compile the theoretical foundations of the research, the background of the research and the design of the decision tree. Then, the field method was used to distribute the five-point paired comparison questionnaire to collect data. The first questionnaire was taken from the research literature and was distributed among 15 experts using the Delphi technique. Opinions were sought from the expert group of the Delphi study, in the form of sending a structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale, consisting of 22 questions, in two rounds with the participation of 15 people, in such a way that first, the first questionnaire consisting of 22 questions was sent to the members of the Delphi group. After distributing and collecting completed questionnaires and evaluating the results of this Delphi round, 5 main factors and 21 important sub-factors were identified (laws and regulations sub-factor with an average of 2.87±83 and a t value of 0.61 was not recognized as significant and was excluded from the questionnaire for the second round) and after twenty days, from the initial opinion poll, the important factors were re-evaluated in order to conduct the next round of Delphi in the form of a questionnaire with 21 questions related to the important sub-factors, the collected data It showed the confirmation of all subfactors. Finally, the data was analyzed using the hierarchical analysis method and using Expert Choice software.
Resultss and Discussion
Based on the results, 5 main factors and 21 sub-factors affecting organizational information leakage were identified. The weighting and prioritization of indicators showed that intentional individual factors (0.277) ranked first, unintentional individual factors (0.235) ranked second, organizational factors (0.188) ranked third, infrastructural factors (0.167) ranked fourth and environmental factors (0.133) ranked fifth.
Conclusion
The results showed that information leakage is a complex phenomenon that various individual, organizational, infrastructural and environmental factors are involved in its occurrence. However, the first and second rank of the intentional and unintentional dimensions of information leakage by individuals, on the one hand, indicate the complexity of the information leakage phenomenon, and on the other hand, require a review in the strategies related to human resources management in Ahvaz International Airport.
Based on the results, intentional individual factors with a weight of 0.277 were the first effective factors on information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport. Also, among intentional individual sub-factors, personal greed with a weight of 0.232 was the most important sub-factor and the experience of invasion of privacy with a weight of 0.078 was the least important sub-factor. The findings confirmed that intentional information leakage due to human factors should still be of concern to managers. Since it is not possible to abandon human factors in the organizational life cycle of information, managers should accept this challenge and look for appropriate mechanisms. In other words, despite human factors, organizations face the challenge of intentional or unintentional information leakage. Intentional leakage of information in the organization may have happened due to personal greed against organizational interests, where employees are willing to sell the organization's information to competitors for material reasons and prefer their interests over the interests of the organization. Jealousy of a company employee to colleagues or employees of competing companies, being dissatisfied with the company or feeling a grudge for any reason also causes the intentional leakage of information. Disgruntled employees may also intentionally disclose important information to unauthorized parties. Unintentional individual factors with a weight of 0.235 were the second most effective factors on information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport. Also, among unintentional individual sub-factors, negligence with a weight of 0.283 was the most important sub-factor and the use of contract and temporary employees with a weight of 0.133 was the least important sub-factor. An inadvertent leak occurs when an insider inadvertently discloses business-critical information that is not intended to be shared with third parties. Unintentional individual threat is the potential behavior of an individual who has access to the network, system or data of an organization through an accidental act or action, without malicious intent, and causes damage or significantly increases the likelihood of serious damage in the future to confidentiality, integrity Or the value of the organization's information.
Organizational factors with a weight of 0.188 were the third most effective factors on information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport. Also, among the organizational sub-factors, lack of understanding the value of information with a weight of 0.392 was the most important sub-factor and lack of proper intra-organizational communication with a weight of 0.262 was the least important sub-factor. The first is a lack of understanding of the value of information. Employees evaluate information differently depending on the hierarchical level, the type of information and the type of organizational structure. Employees' perception of the value of information is described by various researchers as an important aspect. This lack of awareness leads to the fact that the value of information is not clear, so the negative consequences of information leakage are not taken seriously by them. The second case is inappropriate organizational structure. Large companies are sensitive to data protection in the long term. Smaller companies do not have such extensive awareness. In general, organizational structure in terms of formality and existing control mechanisms may affect information leakage. The third case is the lack of proper communication within the organization. To achieve shared understanding, communication is required to convey a set of necessary values and norms that define the rules or context of interaction. Infrastructural factors with a weight of 0.167 were the fourth most effective factor on information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport. Similarly, among the infrastructure sub-factors, the weakness of information systems with a weight of 0.418 was the most important sub-factor and the presence of security holes in the network infrastructure with a weight of 0.258 was the least important sub-factor. The first is the weakness of information systems. Buying an incomplete information system and weak design of information systems may cause serious problems for organizations. Mechanisms that insiders use to perform business tasks based on their usual information systems can also be used to steal information assets. To prevent leakage and theft of information, mechanisms and protective measures against these methods should be used. The second case is improper use of physical means of data storage (hard drives, USB, CD, etc.). These days, most of the information inside the organization is stored electronically, the media of this information are hard drives, C drives. D. and U. S. etc.) are physical tools that are likely to be physically stolen. Preventing leakage with these devices requires implementing physical security measures. The third thing is the presence of security holes in the network infrastructure. The organization's networks are one of the essential parts of the organization's information technology infrastructure. There are several types of communication in the network. Internal-to-external communication includes any communication that is initiated within the boundaries of the organization and whose destination is outside the organization.
Finally, environmental factors with a weight of 0.133 were the fifth most effective factors on information leakage in Ahvaz International Airport. Also, among the environmental sub-factors, the stakeholders' request for information about security incidents with a weight of 0.416 was the most important sub-factor and the requirements of business partners with a weight of 0.259 was the least important sub-factor. One of the input sources that shape the behavior of people in an organization is the organizational environment. Employee decisions are influenced by environmental structure, the availability of environmental information, and the relevant meaning that employees assign to environmental information. The first case is the request of stakeholders to inform about security incidents. In the recent era, the demand for the type of information leakage events for companies is more intense, external and internal stakeholders are constantly concerned about maintaining a good public image of the organization. Overall, public interest in data breach incidents appears to exert pressure on organizations, while organizational responses are dynamic and appear to change over time. If stakeholder expectations are ignored and social influence is allowed to run its course, political and legal pressure will build, often leading to negative corporate outcomes. Stakeholder dissatisfaction arises when corporate actions do not meet societal expectations, and the gap between corporate actions and stakeholder expectations widens as public trust declines. Therefore, the greater the employees' understanding of information protection as a social expectation, the greater the perception of public leakage events as a threat to the company's image.
In general, the results show that information leakage is a major concern for organizations. In this context, the more the organization depends on information assets, the more relevant the concern of information leakage becomes. In such a situation, the taste of the competitors is stimulated more and more to think of the necessary mechanism to deal with it by getting the information of the organization, while being aware of the related organization's plans. Therefore, the identification of factors affecting information leakage in the form of 21 sub-factors in 5 groups provided the necessary insight to the managers of Ahvaz airport to strengthen the vulnerable points by adopting the necessary measures such as building trust, strengthening the sense of cooperation, observing professional ethics. , using motivational measures, raising awareness of the value of information, proper training of employees regarding information security, redesigning information systems, and designing targeted programs regarding information storage, sharing, and transfer.
Saeed Rouhi Shalemaie, Mohammad Khandan, Ali Shabani,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Introduction
The present research aims to design a model for intergenerational knowledge sharing in order to identify the dimensions and rank the Factors and Components influencing intergenerational knowledge sharing in the car leasing industry.
Methods and Materoal
Considering the conceptual framework of the present study and the nature and type of available data and information for presenting a conceptual model of intergenerational knowledge sharing in the leasing industry, the research method utilized is an exploratory mixed-methods approach. This study is fundamental in its outcomes, has a practical nature, and is also critical in terms of its paradigm. The statistical population of this research comprises two sections: the qualitative part consists of 17 experts and specialists from the leasing industry, while the quantitative part includes a total of 970 employees currently working in this industry. Based on Cochran's formula and with a 95% margin of error, a sample of 275 individuals was selected. To ensure greater confidence, an additional 25% was added to the minimum sample size, leading to 343 questionnaires being sent to employees. Ultimately, 336 complete and valid questionnaires were returned, which were used for analysis in this research. Non-probability purposive sampling was employed for sample selection. Purposive sampling involves selecting a portion of the population based on the researcher's (or experts and specialists') judgment. In this method, sample acceptance criteria are defined, and individuals are selected for the survey regarding the research subject based on these criteria. In this research, the criteria for purposive sampling to select experts in the qualitative section were: 1) Leasing industry experts with more than 5 years of experience. 2) Leasing industry experts holding master's and doctoral degrees. After conducting interviews with selected individuals and upon reaching saturation in responses, with the agreement of the supervisors and advisors, the theoretical saturation was achieved, and the number of samples is detailed in the table below. Additionally, in the quantitative section, Cochran's formula was utilized, resulting in a selection of 336 employees from the leasing industry through simple random sampling. The data collection for this research was based on library studies including books, articles, websites, and relevant Persian and English internet information portals. Given the scarcity of library resources on the research topic, the most significant source used has been the internet and various databases, which has added to the importance of the research and the currency of information. For data collection in both qualitative and quantitative sections, field methods and tools such as semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were employed, which will be elaborated upon further. Semi-structured interviews are among the most common types of interviews used in social qualitative research. These interviews can be both structured and unstructured, and are sometimes referred to as in-depth interviews, where all respondents are asked similar questions and can freely answer the questions. In this research, for the semi-structured interviews, common questions were utilized based on the opinions of experts and professionals in the leasing industry, and the responses derived from these questions were transformed into specific components through descriptive analysis with the help of open, axial, and selective coding. For conducting field studies, a questionnaire has been utilized. Accordingly, based on the research objectives and questions, the research tool, namely the questionnaire, was designed. To gather information, both the questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were employed. In this research, categories were used to analyze the semi-structured interviews. The categories are often labeled as codes or keywords; however, anything that is labeled has the capability to organize and systematize the data, often functioning even as analytical codes. Analytical codes are the result of an analytical process that goes beyond merely identifying a topic. The coding of information was also analyzed using MaxQDA software. After collecting the conducted interviews and extracting their indicators, we entered them into MaxQDA and categorized them into groups and sets, each related to one of the main indicators. In the code system section of MAXQDA software, we established a hierarchical arrangement of codes and subcodes. In this research, descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyze the obtained data from the samples. Additionally, in the inferential statistics section, the structural equation modeling method was employed. These analyses were conducted using SPSS and Smart PLS 2.0 statistical software.
Resultss and Discussion
The findings in the quantitative section indicated that 55 percent of the respondents were male and 45 percent were female. The majority of the sample had over 15 years of work experience (80 percent). The education level of 80 percent of the individuals was at the master's level, and the most common age range in the group was 30 to 50 years, accounting for 90 percent. The qualitative findings showed that 43.8 percent of the respondents were male and 56.3 percent were female. The majority of the sample had over 15 years of work experience (51.2 percent). The education level of 45.5 percent of individuals was at the master's or doctoral level, and the most common age range in this group was 40 to 50 years, comprising 39.6 percent. The results indicated that the standard deviation values were mostly below 1, with only a few below 2. This finding suggests that the data has low dispersion, and responses were primarily in alignment with each other. Additionally, to assess the normality or non-normality of the distribution of variables among the respondents, skewness and kurtosis values were utilized. Given that the skewness and kurtosis values were below 2, we can conclude that the data has a normal distribution. The findings indicated that the mean of the knowledge sharing variable is above the expected level, with a mean of 3.85 for knowledge sharing. Thus, the evaluation of the sample's opinions showed that the mean of the items related to the knowledge sharing variable is above average. Descriptive statistics revealed that the mean of the external environment variable is also above the expected level, with an average of 3.77. Consequently, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean of the items related to the external environment variable is above average as well. A review of the descriptive statistics showed that the mean of the innovation variable is higher than the expected level. Innovation had an average score of 3.65. Therefore, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the variable of innovation are above the average level. The results obtained from the descriptive statistics review showed that the mean of the foresight variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.43. Consequently, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the variable of foresight are above the average level. The results from the descriptive statistics review indicated that the mean of the reactive variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.88. Therefore, the evaluation of the sample's opinions showed that the mean scores related to the reactive variable are above the average level. The results obtained from the descriptive statistics review indicated that the mean of the analytical variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.79. Hence, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the analytical variable are above the average level. The results from the descriptive statistics review showed that the mean of the information technology governance variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.71. Therefore, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the information technology governance variable are above the average level. The results from the descriptive statistics review showed that the mean of the organizational structural variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.57. Thus, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the organizational structural variable are above the average level. The results obtained from the descriptive statistics review indicated that the mean of the learning organization variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.71. Thus, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the learning organization variable are above the average level. The results from the descriptive statistics review showed that the mean of the organizational learning variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.54. The evaluation of the sample opinions indicated that the mean of the items related to the variable of organizational learning is above the average level. The results from the descriptive statistics showed that the mean for the variable of knowledge management is above the expected level, with knowledge management having a mean of 3.50. Therefore, the assessment of the sample opinions revealed that the mean of the items related to the variable of knowledge management is above the average level. The components of knowledge sharing, external environment, innovation, foresight, responsiveness, analysis, information technology governance, organizational structure, learning organization, organizational learning, and knowledge management have a direct and significant impact on inter-generational knowledge sharing in the leasing industry. Based on the results from the structural equation modeling, it is observed that knowledge sharing has a significant positive relationship with the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.362. Hence, it can be said that for a 36% increase in knowledge sharing, the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing also increases by 36%. The external environment has a significant positive relationship with the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.331. Therefore, it can be stated that for a 33% increase in the external environment, the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing also increases by 33%. Innovation has a significant positive relationship with the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.322. Consequently, it can be said that for a 32% increase in the innovation environment, the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing also increases by 32%. Foresight has a significant positive relationship with the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.376. Thus, it can be stated that for a 38% increase in foresight, the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing also increases by 38%. Responsiveness has a significant positive relationship with the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.301. Therefore, it can be concluded that for a 30% increase in responsiveness, the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing also increases by 30%. An analysis of intergenerational knowledge sharing shows a significant and positive relationship, with a standardized effect size of 0.338. Therefore, it can be said that for every 34% increase in the analytic aspect, intergenerational knowledge sharing also increases by 34%. The governance of information technology has a significant and positive relationship with intergenerational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.329. Thus, it can be stated that for every 33% increase in information technology governance, intergenerational knowledge sharing also increases by 33%. Organizational structure has a significant and positive relationship with intergenerational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.377. Accordingly, it can be inferred that for every 38% increase in organizational structure, intergenerational knowledge sharing increases by 38%. A learning organization has a significant and positive relationship with intergenerational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.347. Thus, it can be said that for every 35% increase in learning organizations, intergenerational knowledge sharing also increases by 35%. Organizational learning has a significant and positive relationship with intergenerational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.353. Therefore, it can be stated that for every 35% increase in organizational learning, intergenerational knowledge sharing increases by 35%. Knowledge management shows a significant and positive relationship with intergenerational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.967. Thus, it can be concluded that for every 97% increase in knowledge management, intergenerational knowledge sharing also increases by 97%.
Conclusion
Based on the results obtained, the components (knowledge sharing, external environment, innovation, foresight, reaction, analytical, information technology governance, organizational structure, learning organization, organizational learning, knowledge management) were identified as the main components, while the components (planning and organizing information technology, acquiring and implementing information technology, delivery and support for information technology, monitoring and evaluating information technology, complexity, formalization, centralization and decentralization, personal capabilities and skills, patterns and mental models, shared vision and goals, team learning, systems thinking) were considered as sub-components affecting intergenerational knowledge sharing in the leasing industry. According to the assessments conducted, the components (knowledge management (97%), organizational structure (38%), foresight (38%), knowledge sharing (36%), organizational learning (35%), learning organization (35%), analytical (34%), external environment (33%), information technology governance (33%), innovation (32%), and reaction (30%)) ranked in this order as having the highest impact on intergenerational knowledge sharing in the leasing industry. It was found that, from the specialists' perspective, the intergenerational knowledge sharing model in the leasing industry aligns well with the needs of this industry. This knowledge sharing model can enhance operational processes, improve service quality, and increase productivity. Furthermore, this model can facilitate the transfer of experiences and knowledge to future generations, thereby contributing to the advancement of the leasing industry. Overall, specialists believed that the intergenerational knowledge sharing model in the leasing industry is well-suited to its needs and can support its performance and progress. Based on the analysis obtained and the identification of components (knowledge sharing, external environment, innovation, foresight, reaction, analytical, information technology governance, organizational structure, learning organization, organizational learning, knowledge management), it can be concluded that all these components present a suitable model for improving the performance of the automotive leasing industry, and it is recommended that this model be considered for advancing the goals and success of this industry.
The present research aims to design a model for intergenerational knowledge sharing in order to identify the dimensions and rank the Factors and Components influencing intergenerational knowledge sharing in the car leasing industry.
Methods and Materoal
Considering the conceptual framework of the present study and the nature and type of available data and information for presenting a conceptual model of intergenerational knowledge sharing in the leasing industry, the research method utilized is an exploratory mixed-methods approach. This study is fundamental in its outcomes, has a practical nature, and is also critical in terms of its paradigm. The statistical population of this research comprises two sections: the qualitative part consists of 17 experts and specialists from the leasing industry, while the quantitative part includes a total of 970 employees currently working in this industry. Based on Cochran's formula and with a 95% margin of error, a sample of 275 individuals was selected. To ensure greater confidence, an additional 25% was added to the minimum sample size, leading to 343 questionnaires being sent to employees. Ultimately, 336 complete and valid questionnaires were returned, which were used for analysis in this research. Non-probability purposive sampling was employed for sample selection. Purposive sampling involves selecting a portion of the population based on the researcher's (or experts and specialists') judgment. In this method, sample acceptance criteria are defined, and individuals are selected for the survey regarding the research subject based on these criteria. In this research, the criteria for purposive sampling to select experts in the qualitative section were: 1) Leasing industry experts with more than 5 years of experience. 2) Leasing industry experts holding master's and doctoral degrees. After conducting interviews with selected individuals and upon reaching saturation in responses, with the agreement of the supervisors and advisors, the theoretical saturation was achieved, and the number of samples is detailed in the table below. Additionally, in the quantitative section, Cochran's formula was utilized, resulting in a selection of 336 employees from the leasing industry through simple random sampling. The data collection for this research was based on library studies including books, articles, websites, and relevant Persian and English internet information portals. Given the scarcity of library resources on the research topic, the most significant source used has been the internet and various databases, which has added to the importance of the research and the currency of information. For data collection in both qualitative and quantitative sections, field methods and tools such as semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were employed, which will be elaborated upon further. Semi-structured interviews are among the most common types of interviews used in social qualitative research. These interviews can be both structured and unstructured, and are sometimes referred to as in-depth interviews, where all respondents are asked similar questions and can freely answer the questions. In this research, for the semi-structured interviews, common questions were utilized based on the opinions of experts and professionals in the leasing industry, and the responses derived from these questions were transformed into specific components through descriptive analysis with the help of open, axial, and selective coding. For conducting field studies, a questionnaire has been utilized. Accordingly, based on the research objectives and questions, the research tool, namely the questionnaire, was designed. To gather information, both the questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were employed. In this research, categories were used to analyze the semi-structured interviews. The categories are often labeled as codes or keywords; however, anything that is labeled has the capability to organize and systematize the data, often functioning even as analytical codes. Analytical codes are the result of an analytical process that goes beyond merely identifying a topic. The coding of information was also analyzed using MaxQDA software. After collecting the conducted interviews and extracting their indicators, we entered them into MaxQDA and categorized them into groups and sets, each related to one of the main indicators. In the code system section of MAXQDA software, we established a hierarchical arrangement of codes and subcodes. In this research, descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyze the obtained data from the samples. Additionally, in the inferential statistics section, the structural equation modeling method was employed. These analyses were conducted using SPSS and Smart PLS 2.0 statistical software.
Resultss and Discussion
The findings in the quantitative section indicated that 55 percent of the respondents were male and 45 percent were female. The majority of the sample had over 15 years of work experience (80 percent). The education level of 80 percent of the individuals was at the master's level, and the most common age range in the group was 30 to 50 years, accounting for 90 percent. The qualitative findings showed that 43.8 percent of the respondents were male and 56.3 percent were female. The majority of the sample had over 15 years of work experience (51.2 percent). The education level of 45.5 percent of individuals was at the master's or doctoral level, and the most common age range in this group was 40 to 50 years, comprising 39.6 percent. The results indicated that the standard deviation values were mostly below 1, with only a few below 2. This finding suggests that the data has low dispersion, and responses were primarily in alignment with each other. Additionally, to assess the normality or non-normality of the distribution of variables among the respondents, skewness and kurtosis values were utilized. Given that the skewness and kurtosis values were below 2, we can conclude that the data has a normal distribution. The findings indicated that the mean of the knowledge sharing variable is above the expected level, with a mean of 3.85 for knowledge sharing. Thus, the evaluation of the sample's opinions showed that the mean of the items related to the knowledge sharing variable is above average. Descriptive statistics revealed that the mean of the external environment variable is also above the expected level, with an average of 3.77. Consequently, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean of the items related to the external environment variable is above average as well. A review of the descriptive statistics showed that the mean of the innovation variable is higher than the expected level. Innovation had an average score of 3.65. Therefore, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the variable of innovation are above the average level. The results obtained from the descriptive statistics review showed that the mean of the foresight variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.43. Consequently, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the variable of foresight are above the average level. The results from the descriptive statistics review indicated that the mean of the reactive variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.88. Therefore, the evaluation of the sample's opinions showed that the mean scores related to the reactive variable are above the average level. The results obtained from the descriptive statistics review indicated that the mean of the analytical variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.79. Hence, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the analytical variable are above the average level. The results from the descriptive statistics review showed that the mean of the information technology governance variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.71. Therefore, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the information technology governance variable are above the average level. The results from the descriptive statistics review showed that the mean of the organizational structural variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.57. Thus, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the organizational structural variable are above the average level. The results obtained from the descriptive statistics review indicated that the mean of the learning organization variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.71. Thus, the evaluation of the sample's opinions indicated that the mean scores related to the learning organization variable are above the average level. The results from the descriptive statistics review showed that the mean of the organizational learning variable is higher than the expected level, with an average of 3.54. The evaluation of the sample opinions indicated that the mean of the items related to the variable of organizational learning is above the average level. The results from the descriptive statistics showed that the mean for the variable of knowledge management is above the expected level, with knowledge management having a mean of 3.50. Therefore, the assessment of the sample opinions revealed that the mean of the items related to the variable of knowledge management is above the average level. The components of knowledge sharing, external environment, innovation, foresight, responsiveness, analysis, information technology governance, organizational structure, learning organization, organizational learning, and knowledge management have a direct and significant impact on inter-generational knowledge sharing in the leasing industry. Based on the results from the structural equation modeling, it is observed that knowledge sharing has a significant positive relationship with the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.362. Hence, it can be said that for a 36% increase in knowledge sharing, the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing also increases by 36%. The external environment has a significant positive relationship with the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.331. Therefore, it can be stated that for a 33% increase in the external environment, the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing also increases by 33%. Innovation has a significant positive relationship with the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.322. Consequently, it can be said that for a 32% increase in the innovation environment, the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing also increases by 32%. Foresight has a significant positive relationship with the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.376. Thus, it can be stated that for a 38% increase in foresight, the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing also increases by 38%. Responsiveness has a significant positive relationship with the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.301. Therefore, it can be concluded that for a 30% increase in responsiveness, the transfer of inter-generational knowledge sharing also increases by 30%. An analysis of intergenerational knowledge sharing shows a significant and positive relationship, with a standardized effect size of 0.338. Therefore, it can be said that for every 34% increase in the analytic aspect, intergenerational knowledge sharing also increases by 34%. The governance of information technology has a significant and positive relationship with intergenerational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.329. Thus, it can be stated that for every 33% increase in information technology governance, intergenerational knowledge sharing also increases by 33%. Organizational structure has a significant and positive relationship with intergenerational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.377. Accordingly, it can be inferred that for every 38% increase in organizational structure, intergenerational knowledge sharing increases by 38%. A learning organization has a significant and positive relationship with intergenerational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.347. Thus, it can be said that for every 35% increase in learning organizations, intergenerational knowledge sharing also increases by 35%. Organizational learning has a significant and positive relationship with intergenerational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.353. Therefore, it can be stated that for every 35% increase in organizational learning, intergenerational knowledge sharing increases by 35%. Knowledge management shows a significant and positive relationship with intergenerational knowledge sharing, with a standardized effect size of 0.967. Thus, it can be concluded that for every 97% increase in knowledge management, intergenerational knowledge sharing also increases by 97%.
Conclusion
Based on the results obtained, the components (knowledge sharing, external environment, innovation, foresight, reaction, analytical, information technology governance, organizational structure, learning organization, organizational learning, knowledge management) were identified as the main components, while the components (planning and organizing information technology, acquiring and implementing information technology, delivery and support for information technology, monitoring and evaluating information technology, complexity, formalization, centralization and decentralization, personal capabilities and skills, patterns and mental models, shared vision and goals, team learning, systems thinking) were considered as sub-components affecting intergenerational knowledge sharing in the leasing industry. According to the assessments conducted, the components (knowledge management (97%), organizational structure (38%), foresight (38%), knowledge sharing (36%), organizational learning (35%), learning organization (35%), analytical (34%), external environment (33%), information technology governance (33%), innovation (32%), and reaction (30%)) ranked in this order as having the highest impact on intergenerational knowledge sharing in the leasing industry. It was found that, from the specialists' perspective, the intergenerational knowledge sharing model in the leasing industry aligns well with the needs of this industry. This knowledge sharing model can enhance operational processes, improve service quality, and increase productivity. Furthermore, this model can facilitate the transfer of experiences and knowledge to future generations, thereby contributing to the advancement of the leasing industry. Overall, specialists believed that the intergenerational knowledge sharing model in the leasing industry is well-suited to its needs and can support its performance and progress. Based on the analysis obtained and the identification of components (knowledge sharing, external environment, innovation, foresight, reaction, analytical, information technology governance, organizational structure, learning organization, organizational learning, knowledge management), it can be concluded that all these components present a suitable model for improving the performance of the automotive leasing industry, and it is recommended that this model be considered for advancing the goals and success of this industry.
| Page 1 from 1 |
Related Websites
Site Keywords
نشریه, Academic Journal, Scientific Article, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه شماره دو, کلمه شماره یک, کلمه دوVote
© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Human Information Interaction
Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb