Cognitive Psychology Journal

The effect of social cognitive representation on the mental property of the body: Evidence based on rubber hand illusion

Azita Kharaman

Mental representations are to be considered as the most advanced aspects of human cognition and in addition to their own physical representations, representations of social cognition of others can also affect the mental experience of each person's ownership of their body. Accordingly, the present research as a quasi-experimental study based on repeated measures, was conducted in order to investigate the effect of social cognitive representation on the mental property of the body. The population of the study consisted of all Students of Payame Noor University of Tehran from which 61 females and 47 males were selected by convenience sampling. The research instruments included Cohen and Botvinick's (1998) Rubber Hand Illusion Test, and Longo, et al.'s (2008) Rubber Hand Ownership Experience Mental Report Questionnaire. Induction of representations of social cognition was based on the three-dimensional mental model of social cognition by Tamir and Thornton (2020). The collected data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS-22 software. According to the findings, the error score of the rubber hand was higher than the rubber hand with the color close to the body and green, which was defined in terms of the factors of the levels of the three-dimensional model of social cognition at the extreme level, and lower than the blue rubber hand, which was at extremely low levels of the mental three-dimensional model. The results indicated that in social relations, the identification of individuals with those who have gained a higher social status in mental evaluations can be more than those who have gained a lower social status in mental representations.

The Developmental Trajectory of Socio-emotional Tendencies in the Iranian Preschoolers Children

Shahriar Gharibzadeh

Socio-emotional development is one of the fundamental bases of individual and social health. The present study aims to investigate the developmental trajectory of socio-emotional tendencies (SET) and its components in preschoolers. Our sample was 447 healthy Iranian preschoolers (girl=47.4%) aged 48-78 month-old (mean=66.57, SD=6.79). they were from Tehran, Bandar Abbas, Mashhad, Zarand, and Tabriz as the representative provinces of the Iranian population, based on the geographical distribution and socioeconomic status. We used the Persian version of the Kindergarten Inventory of Social-Emotional Tendencies (KIST) which consists of six components. It included hyperactivity-maladaptive behavior, social skills, communication skills, daily living skills, eating behavior, and separation anxiety symptoms.
We used Kruskal-Wallis test to investigate the developmental trajectory of SET. Results showed that there were significant changes in daily living skills and separation anxiety symptoms during 6-month periods, meanwhile there were no significant changes in the other four components and SET in total. Then, the Games-Howell post-hoc test was performed to follow up the observed differences among age categories. Results of the present study showed that SET doesn’t change significantly in early childhood. It propose that the critical period of the socio-emotional ability development occurs sooner or later

Investigating the Effect of Anodal tDCS on Sustained Attention in Patients with MS

Mohammad Nasehi

Multiple sclerosis is a de-myelinating inflammatory condition of the central nervous system that is often thought of as an autoimmune disorder. These patients suffer from extensive cognitive impairments such as poor attention and concentration and memory and processing speed; Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anodic effect of direct cortical electrical stimulation (tDCS) on sustained attention performance in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in a pretest-posttest design with a control group. For this purpose, 32 patients with MS were selected using available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention consisted of 10 sessions of direct electrical stimulation during which patients were divided into two groups, one group received real stimulation and the other group received sham stimulation or sham. The research instruments were the use of RTI and RVP subtests in CANTAB test. Data analysis was performed based on independent and dependent t-test to compare pre-test and post-test scores in experimental and control groups. The results showed an improvement in sustained attention and processing speed in the experimental group at a significant level of 0.05. Therefore, we conclude that transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain improves sustained attention deficit and speed of response in patients with MS.

Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive computer games and parent-child interactive games on problem solving and positive and negative affect of ten-year-old children in Shiraz

Farideh Sadat Hoseini

In recent years, research on increasing cognitive and psychological status through play has received much attention. For this purpose, there are two categories of game including interactive home game and cognitive game that the first run in the home environment and the latter is implemented as computer software to increase cognitive abilities. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive computer games and parent-child interactive games on problem solving and positive and negative affects in children. For this purpose, 40 10-year-old children in Shiraz were selected by available sampling method in 4 groups included Lumosity game (10 people), home game (10 people), combination of Lumosity and home game (10 people) and control group (10 people). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. Based on the significance of Pillai test, there is a difference between the groups in terms of two variables of problem solving and positive and negative affect. Binary comparisons of the groups showed that there was a significant difference between the Lumosity and control groups in terms of problem solving. Also, the combination group with the control group and home group, and the Lumosity group with the control group had a significant difference in terms of positive affect. Acording to the results of the present study, it is suggested that Lumosity game be used to increase problem-solving ability and Lumosity game and the combination of Lumosity and home game to increase pleasant feelings and positive affects in 10-year-olds.

Attitude, Perception and Judgment changes in cope with very cold weather conditions: a qualitative study

Neda sanjari

Significant psychological changes in extremely cold regions are considered as natural human reactions. Antarctica has very cold conditions and is considered a natural laboratory for many studies in various fields. Survival, in this harsh environment, is unmanageable without human preconditions; Antarctica with a focus on resilience and psychological adjustment, an opportunity for the individual to approach the study of psychological adjustment, examining the impact of weather conditions, limitations, isolation and lack of daylight, etc. on mood changes, stress and dynamism. is showing. In this article, the psychological changes of six researchers, who are twenty-three days of scientific travel in the cold region in the south of the region, are conceptualized with a systematic concept. In terms of methodology, thematic analysis and collected categories, interviews, observations and documentary analyzes have been used. Researchers' experiences were analyzed in the field and the emerging factors were categorized as attitudes, strategies and. These three factors were divided into thirty-six positive and negative factors at the individual and group levels. Theoretically, positive and negative factors are supported by force field theory, which contribute to the very cold region through conceptualization. Positive attitudes based on the data collected in this exploration include: self-awareness, self-direction, self-control, self-efficacy, self-confidence, self-motivation and self-optimism. On the other hand, negative attitudes are self-awareness, lack of self-direction, conflict with self, inefficiency, self-doubt, self-destruction, self-contradiction and pessimism. There are positive and negative strategies for strategies such as attitude at the individual and team level. In a person, positive strategies include: positive self-talk, positive thinking, meditation, muscle relaxation, spiritual recitation, self-control, and negative strategies include negative self-talk, negative, confusion, justification, religious belief, and loss of self-control. . On the other hand, different strategies with teammates in the direction of positive expressions such as humor, team coordination, control control, team performance, control of negative effects, accessibility and in part including nagging, disagreement, deviation from self-success and immoral reaction. Is. Peacefully, positive and negative factors, such as attitudes, strategies, and positive and negative effects on the environment, in fact, and the conflict of all the factors that lead to specific action in the face of various difficult situations.

Explain the concept of human empathy perception of the constructed space (Architecture and city)

Zahra Alsadat Ardestani

The quality of human perception of the environment is a determining factor in achieving responsive architecture. After the theories of behavioral sciences and environment, the idea of empathy with space has presented a new perspective on human perception of the environment; It is derived from the function of the mirror neurons of the brain, and results in an emotional sharing between the observed and the observed, contributing to a deeper connection between man and the environment. Using the theories between architecture and psychology and neuroscience, the present study intends to describe, analyze and then explain the strategies and theories in the empathy of space among the index theories. To enable the re-reading and deeper understanding of the relationship between man and the created environment. In this study, qualitative research method with content analysis method has been used. Studies on architecture and empathy are very limited and scattered. Therefore, using a descriptive method of indicators of theories, and subsequently qualitative content analysis under a comparative interpretive approach to identify the main variables in significant and valid scientific research and with logical reasoning tries to investigate and compare their explanatory principles and results. Explaining and categorizing the empathetic perception of space in this research takes a step in expanding its theoretical foundations in architecture as well as applied topics. The findings indicate the design of four categories of "anthropological perception", "atmosphere-based empathy", "behavior-oriented empathy", and "interactive empathy" in empathy theories in the field of architecture. And they all introduce architecture as an essential part of the human mind and cognition.