Cognitive Psychology Journal

Comparing Three Factors of Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices between Two Groups of Students with Weak and Strong Visuospatial Working Memory

seyed mohammad saeid sahaf

According to the existing classifications of Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM) test, it is shown that RCPM is not a homogeneous test and various cognitive factors are involved in it. Moreover, success in RCPM is influenced by working memory ability. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the three factors of the RCPM test in two groups of students with weak and strong visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and examine their role in each of the existing components.
This research evaluated a sample of 150 female students aged 6 to 10 years. Initially, after obtaining consent from the students, the school, and the parents, each student took the RCPM test. The score for each question was recorded as either correct or incorrect, and the total correct responses for each factor were calculated. Subsequently, the Corsi block span test was conducted to assess VSWM, and the score for each participant was recorded. Based on the scores of Corsi block span test, the participants were divided into two groups with strong and weak VSWM, and each factor was individually examined in these two groups.
The results showed that the differences in two factors of the RCPM test in the two groups with strong and weak VSWM are statistically significant. Reviewing the literature shows that differences in VSWM can explain success in the first (involving similarity) and second (Gestalt principles) factors. However, the examination of the third factor (involving concrete and abstract reasoning) yields contradictory results in previous research. This research is the first study to focus on the difference in VSWM in the triadic factors of the RCPM test. It is recommended that in future research, the relationship between the factors of the RCPM test and other cognitive functions be examined, and the roles of gender and age be considered.

Comparing the effectiveness of transcranial direct electrical stimulation (tDCS) therapy with acceptance and commitment based therapy on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine.

Fatemeh Ghaemi

The use of methamphetamine in the general population and university and high school students is more than 1%. Also, the proportion of people addicted to methamphetamine has increased among those who refer to drug addiction treatment centers in Iran, which causes many harms to its users; One of these damages is creating a disruption in resilience. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Electrical Stimulation (tDCS) therapy with acceptance and commitment based therapy on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included the statistical population of the present study including all methamphetamine addicts in one area of Tehran city in 1401 who had referred to one of the addiction treatment centers. According to the research design, a sample size of 45 people was selected by purposive sampling. (2001) and electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull of this instrument was performed as a pre-test-post-test. Based on the findings of the current research, it was determined that transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) electrical therapy was more effective on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine, the therapy based on acceptance and commitment was effective on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine, and the therapy based on Acceptance and commitment compared to direct transcranial stimulation electrical therapy has been more effective on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine.

Application of cognitive tests of change detection and spatial marking in CogLab software to diagnose children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Sajjad Rezaei

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders and efforts to improve its diagnostic methods continue. In this study, using CogLab software, a diagnostic model was developed and introduced to help psychologists as an auxiliary tool for diagnosing ADHD. In the context of a developmental and case-control project using targeted sampling in Rasht city, 93 children diagnosed with ADHD were selected by a pediatric psychiatry subspecialist. The parents of both groups (case and control) were also interviewed clinically and after completing the CSI-4 version of the Children's Disease Symptoms Questionnaire, their demographic information was collected. The control group consisted of 33 working students from Rasht schools without disorders were selected using the CSI-4 4th version of the Children's Disease Symptoms Questionnaire. Both groups responded to the change detection and spatial marking tests using the attention section of the CogLab software under the same conditions. Data were processed by SPSS-24. In the diagnosis analysis, the results showed that the ratio of the correct response to the detection of change in the so-so mode had the highest predictive power in the separation and differentiation of classes between the case and control groups, and the results of the diagnostic function in the cross-validation section were able to be found in both case and control groups. 80.6 percent of all people in the ADHD group (case) and also 72.7 percent of all people in the control group were correctly grouped; The change detection test and spatial marking in CogLab software platform can be used as an auxiliary tool in the service of psychologists to help the diagnosis process in children with ADHD.

Structural Relationships of Sleep Problems with Emotional Intelligence in Adolescents Considering the Mediating Role of defect in executive functions

Kimiya Ghaedi

The current research aims to examine the structural relationships between sleep problems and emotional intelligence in adolescents, considering the mediating role of defect in executive functions. The present research had a descriptive-correlational design. The study sample included 381 first-grade high school students in Tabriz during the academic year 1401-02, selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire, the Siberia and Shiring Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, the Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test software, and the Continuous Performance Test software task. Statistical methods used for data analysis included Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. The results showed that sleep problems have a direct and indirect influence on emotional intelligence through emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility play a mediating role in the relationship between sleep problems and emotional intelligence.

Investigating the Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility in the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Psychological Distress

narges hafezi

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between maladaptive schemas and psychological distress. The research design employed in this study was descriptive-correlational, utilizing structural equation modeling. The population of this study included all undergraduate students of Poldokhtar Higher Education Center during 2020-2021. The size of the statistical sample according to Klein's rule of thumb equals 230 people, which was done by an available sampling method and an online questionnaire. The Young Schema Questionnaire, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory by Dennis and Vanderwal, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping was employed to examine the mediating role of variables. The results indicated that maladaptive schemas have a direct significant effect on psychological distress (P < 0.01) and an indirect effect through psychological flexibility (P < 0.01). Based on the results, the research model demonstrated a good fit. By reducing maladaptive schemas, students can enhance their psychological flexibility, which may lead to overcoming academic issues and reducing psychological distress.

The effectiveness of the educational package of strategies to strengthen psychological processes based on improving the speed of processing and mathematical progress of students with learning disabilities in mathematics

majid pakdaman

Abstract:
The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of the educational package of basic psychological processes on improving the processing speed and mathematical progress of elementary school students with learning disabilities in mathematics. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all female students with second grade math disorder who have referred to Tolu Qain Special Learning Difficulties Training Center in the academic year of 1400-1399, the total number of these students was 20, which is a sample They were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. Prepare worksheets in 20 different areas of psychological processes and the experimental group was trained for 20 sessions of 45 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training. To collect data, the processing speed subscale of the fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children (Wechsler, 2003), the Iran KIMAT math test, and two tests developed by the researcher of the Mathematical Progress (Qorbanpour, 2019) were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The obtained results showed a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the post-test. This means that education has been effective in improving the processing speed and math progress of students with math disorders. Based on the obtained results, paying attention to the educational strategies of basic psychological processes can lead to promising results in the education and rehabilitation of students with learning disabilities, and it can be used as an effective intervention method.

Systematic Review and Meta-analyisis of Functional and Structural Neural Pathways in Attachment

Fateme Hasanzade Maharlouee

Attachment style is a relatively stable trait throughout life that affects how a person interacts with the environment. So far, many neurological researches have been carried out to understand the neural basis of attachment. In order to compare the results of these studies with each other and obtain the common areas mentioned in the studies, after reviewing the published studies and selecting the articles that were eligable to enter the meta-analysis (11 articles out of 564 articles from the initial search). Published results in attachment studies were analyzed using activation likelihood estimation (ALE). The correction threshold applied for significant clusters was P < .05. In attachment anxiety, ALE analysis showed a positive correlation with activity in the insula, inferior gyrus of the frontal lobe, superior gyrus of the temporal lobe, putamen nuclei, hippocampus and globus pallidus. Also, a negative correlation was observed between attachment anxiety and activity in the middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus. In avoidance, ALE analysis showed a negative correlation with activity in the insula and superior temporal gyrus, and on the other hand, a positive correlation was observed with the middle frontal gyrus, the inferior gyrus of the frontal lobe, and the cingulate gyrus.