Cognitive Psychology Journal
فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی
CPJ
Literature & Humanities
http://jcp.khu.ac.ir
1
admin
2345-5780
2345-5780
doi
fa
jalali
1404
9
1
gregorian
2025
12
1
13
3
online
1
fulltext
fa
مهارت‌های شناختیِ اساسی برای خلبانان؛ ارائه یک الگوی نظری بر اساس فراترکیب مطالعات گذشته
Core Cognitive Skills for Pilots: Proposing a Theoretical Model Based on Meta-Synthesis of Previous Studies
روانشناسی شناختی
psychology of human behavior
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">توانایی‌های شناختی از مهم‌ترین پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های عملکرد دقیق خلبانان است. با چنین نگاهی، هدف از پژوهش حاضر شناسایی مضامین و مهارت‌های شناختی اساسی برای خلبانان و پیشنهاد یک الگوی نظری بر اساس آن بوده است. این مطالعه با رویکرد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کیفی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روش</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">فراترکیب</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">انجام</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گرفته</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">است و برای اجرای آن از روش</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هفت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مرحله‌ای</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سندولوسکی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">باروسو (2007) استفاده شده است. جامعه این مطالعه شامل کلیه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اسناد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">علمی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافت شده</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در 26</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سال</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اخیر</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> در 7 پایگاه خارجی و 3 پایگاه داخلی به</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تعداد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">307</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سند</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">علمی بوده است که از میان آنها </span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">23</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سند</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پس</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">واکاوی، برای بررسی نهایی انتخاب شدند. تحلیل</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته‌ها</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روش</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحلیل</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تم</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">انجام</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گرفته</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به‌منظور </span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کنترل</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کیفیت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پژوهش،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحلیل</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و واکاوی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اسناد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دقت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بالا</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">همراه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مستندسازی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مراحل،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">صورت گرفت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در طی فرایند</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بازخوردهای</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">خبرگان</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گام‌های</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پژوهش استفاده</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شد</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt">.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> همچنین،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ابزار</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برنامه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مهارت‌های</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سنجش و ارزیابی</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"> (CASP) </span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">منظور</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کنترل</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کیفیت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اسناد</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">علمی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برگزیده</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">جهت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تجزیه</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و تحلیل</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برخورداری</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کیفیت</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته‌های</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پژوهش پیش‌رو</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">استفاده</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شد</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt">.</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> یافته‌ها،</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یک الگوی مفهومی </span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مشتمل</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بر 11</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مضمون</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اصلی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و 59</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مضمون</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">فرعی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">را پیشنهاد می‌دهد.</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مضامین اصلی عبارتند از توانایی‌های ادراکی- حرکتی، حافظه‌کاری، عملکرد توجه و تمرکز، انعطاف پذیری در پردازش اطلاعات، توانایی‌های توالی‌یابی/ برنامه‌ریزی، سرعت ادراک، تصمیم‌گیری / استدلال، مهارت‌های ادراکی- حسی، هماهنگی و توانایی روانی-حرکتی. از یافته‌های این مطالعه می‌توان در توسعه یک ابزار جامع ارزیابی همچنین </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">طراحی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برنامه</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تمرینی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مستمر</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هدفمند</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برای</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">حفظ</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ارتقای</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مهارت</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">های</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شناختی خلبانان بهره گرفت. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0in 12px; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Cognitive abilities are among the most important predictors of pilots’ precise performance. With this perspective, the present study aimed to identify the essential cognitive themes and skills for pilots and to propose a theoretical model accordingly. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach and a meta-synthesis method, following the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007).</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The research population included all scientific documents published over the past 26 years, retrieved from 7 international and 3 national databases, totaling 307 scientific documents. After an in-depth review, 23 documents were selected for final analysis. Data analysis was performed through thematic analysis, and to ensure research quality, the documents were carefully analyzed and the process thoroughly documented. Expert feedback was incorporated throughout the research steps. Additionally, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was employed to assess the quality of the selected documents and ensure the reliability of the study’s findings. The results proposed a conceptual model consisting of 11 main themes and 59 sub-themes. The main themes included: perceptual-motor abilities, working memory, attention and concentration performance, flexibility in information processing, sequencing/planning abilities, perceptual speed, decision-making/reasoning, perceptual-sensory skills, coordination, and psychomotor abilities.</span><span lang="EN" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The findings of this study can be utilized to develop a comprehensive assessment tool as well as to design continuous and targeted training programs aimed at maintaining and enhancing pilots’ cognitive skills.</span></span></span></span></td>
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مهارت‌های شناختی, خلبانان, الگوی ارزیابی شناختی, شایستگی شغلی خلبانان
Cognitive Skills, Pilots, Cognitive Assessment Model, Pilot Occupational Competency
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http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2215-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Hassan
Mahjub
حسن
محجوب
hassanmahjub@ut.ac.ir