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Identifying leakage situations using the effect of soil moisture changes on TDR waveforms
Kamal Ganjalipour, Seyyed Mahmoud Fatemi Aghda, Kamal Nabiollhi,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (Autumn 2022)
Abstract
Electromagnetic methods in applied geophysics are advancing rapidly. Since the TDR system has grown, its use has led to innovative applications and comparisons with other previous measurement methods. A TDR system consists of a radar (electromagnetic) receiver and generator, a transmission line, and a waveguide. The electromagnetic pulse generated from inside the conductor cable moves towards the waveguide and is tested through the waveguide into the environment under test. In the last few years, the use of the TDR system to identify water leakage situations has been expanding. In this article, by performing tests on two-strand telecommunication cables as TDR sensors, the ability and accuracy of the time domain reflectometry method in detecting leakage situations has been evaluated. In this research, the two-stranded cable was buried under GC gravel clay material, and by increasing the percentage of soil moisture stepwise at two points, the sensitivity of the TDR method to the changes in moisture around the cable was investigated. Based on the TDR waveforms, the points of reflection coefficient changes are located at the distances of 9.5-9 and 4.5 meters, which is completely consistent with the actual distance of the test points. In this research, TDR moisture meter made by soil moisture company model 6050x1 was used. The results of this research show that the TDR method has the ability to be used as a monitoring system to detect leakage in dams, dikes and other geotechnical structures.

Investigating the method of calculating the allocable underground water in Iran and providing corrections for it
Kamal Ganjalipour, Reza Azimi, Mojtaba Moradi,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (Spring 2024)
Abstract
In determining the water that can be allocated for different uses, including agriculture (as the main consumer), the most important step in this era is the proper management of groundwater resources. The observance of water consumption within the limit of allocated water ensures that the consequences of the exploitation of groundwater resources and the sustainability of development are guaranteed, and operators use technological methods to increase the efficiency of using water resources for more production in proportion to the amount tend to available water. In this article, first, the method of calculating the water allocated to the agricultural sector in the country has been studied and criticized. In this study, it was found that in the formula for calculating the current allocated water, the component of agricultural return water as an effective parameter causes a huge error in the calculation of allocated water. Then, a new formula for the calculation of allocated water was proposed, and an attempt was made to correct and apply the effect of the input component of agricultural return water on the amount of allocated water based on the calculation of allocated water in the new proposed method, taking into account the aquifer capacity based on the parameters of the water resources balance.

The Necessity of Pumping Tests and Exploratory Well Drilling in Groundwater Baseline Studies: Challenges and Gaps in Iran
Kamal Ganjalipour, Majid Naeimi, Effat Zamani,
Volume 19, Issue 6 (Accepted Articles 2025)
Abstract
Exploratory studies and pumping tests are considered fundamental tools for understanding the hydrogeological behavior of aquifers and play a critical role in water resources modeling, planning, and governance. This article aims to analyze the role of these studies within the water governance framework in Iran by examining the institutional, technical, and legal challenges in comparison with developed countries. The findings indicate that weak legal requirements, the absence of an integrated data acquisition system, limited equipment, and a shortage of exploratory wells have led to reduced accuracy in baseline studies, weakened numerical models, and unstable decision-making. The paper also reviews the historical development of exploratory drilling and pumping tests, along with their tools and objectives, emphasizing the role of exploratory wells in developing conceptual models and monitoring aquifer dynamics under declining water table conditions. In conclusion, the article highlights the need to revise policymaking, strengthen institutional structures, and mandate the implementation of precise tests to achieve evidence-based water governance.
 

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