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Study of the gradation characteristics of backfill materials in underground mines along with evaluating the gradation of construction and demolition waste aggregate
Khandani, Atapour, Yousefi Rad, Khosh,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (Autumn 2023)
Abstract
Backfill materials used to fill underground mines are a type of engineered material whose particle size distribution (PSD) directly affects their mechanical and physical properties. According to the authors' review, there is no comprehensive standard for the properties of aggregates used in underground mine backfill materials. In this paper, the particle size ranges and particle size distribution curves of various mine backfill materials, including hydraulic backfill, paste backfill and rock backfill, have been reviewed. The available data on different types of backfill materials were collected. Based on the collected data, the smallest particle size, the largest particle size and the PSD curve ranges for each type of backfill material were determined. Then the characteristics of the particle size distribution curve of each backfill material, including the mean particle diameter (D50), the uniformity coefficient (Cu) and the curvature coefficient (Cc), were calculated.  The results of the analysis of the PSD curves for paste backfill, hydraulic backfill and rock backfill materials showed that the particles in rock backfill and paste backfill had the largest and smallest sizes, respectively. Finally, the particle size distribution characteristics of a new backfill material prepared from construction and demolition waste (CDW backfill) are presented and compared with the particle size distribution of each of the conventional backfill materials. The results indicate that the PSD curve of the CDW backfill lies at the upper limit of the range of the particle size distribution curve of hydraulic backfill and at the lower limit of the range of the particle size distribution curve of rock backfill.
 

Review of geotechnical characteristics of soil contaminated with hydrocarbon substances and residues from a burnt oil refinery
Amir Khoshgoftar, Mahdi Khodaparast,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (English article specials 2024)
Abstract
Soil contamination by petroleum contaminants and their derivatives has harmful effects on ‎the soil environment. ‎The structure and geotechnical parameters of the soil will change as a result of the interaction between the contaminant and the soil. The double layer thickness of the clay will change, and the structure of the clay soil will become similar to that of the granular soil. In the present study the effect of contamination by burnt-oil waste from refineries on the compaction and resistance behavior of clayey sand soils was investigated. The geotechnical characteristics of soil types contaminated with different percentages of hydrocarbons from previous research were also reviewed and analyzed. The primary effects were decreases in the internal friction angle, California bearing ratio and permeability of the soil and increases in the cohesion and Atterberg limits of the soil. The shear strength of the contaminated soil did not show a definite or constant trend of change. When contaminated with acidic sludge, despite an increase in the cohesion of the soil, a decrease in the internal friction angle caused a decrease in the shear strength. When contaminated with dirt filter residue, the shear strength of the soil increased with the substantial increase in cohesion, despite a decrease in the internal friction angle.

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