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Massoud Morsali,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (Autumn 2023)
Abstract

Tunneling in a saturated environment and the intrusion of groundwater flow into tunnels during excavation is one of the most serious problems in tunneling projects. Water ingress into the tunnel can lead to damage to tunnel construction equipment, personnel, the excavation process, etc. The hydrogeological studies of the springs along the tunnel route and the estimation of the water entering the tunnel also investigate the possibility of drying up or reducing the water level of the tunnel route. The hydrogeological studies of the springs along the tunnel route and the estimation of the water inflow into the tunnel will also examine the possibility of drying up the springs or reducing the water level of the tunnel route. On the other hand, the complications of water ingress into the tunnel and the lack of an accurate and appropriate method increase the importance of these studies. Experimental and analytical methods are available to predict water inflow into a tunnel. In this article, in addition to presenting the general process of carrying out hydrogeological studies of tunnels, the weight percentage of hydrogeological studies and the problems associated with them are discussed. On average, more than 30% of all tunnel problems are related to groundwater, but less than 5% of studies are carried out in this field. The disproportionate weight of the above two cases and its causes are among the other cases discussed in this article.

Majid Dashti Barmaki, Zahra Yazdani Barmaki, Massoud Morsali,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (Winter 2023)
Abstract

In order to design and optimize the quality monitoring network in areas with several sub-basins, it is necessary to know the criteria that affect them, so that in each sub-basin the presence or absence of a monitoring station and the required parameters can be determined. In this respect, the use of the surface water pollution index, namely WRASTIC, can be effective. The WRASTIC model is a practical and advanced method for assessing the risk and potential of pollution in sub-basins. Due to its role in the drinking water supply of the city of Bandar Abbas, monitoring the quality of the Shamil-Takht study area is very beneficial. Therefore, to assess the risk of pollution in this plain, the basin was divided into 16 sub-basins using Global Mapper software. The WRASTIC index was presented as different layers of information, and its value was calculated for each sub-basin by rating by expert judgement method, weighting by hierarchical analysis method, and merging layers using weighted overlap. The results showed that three sub-basins have high risk and three sub-basins have low risk. Then, according to the condition of the streams in each sub-basin, the pollution index and its importance, the number of quality monitoring stations and the necessary parameters in this area were determined. Accordingly, five stations were added to the existing ten hydrometric stations at different locations. In the final 15 stations, the measurement of general parameters and major ions was included in the proposed agenda. The measurement of parameters such as phosphate/phosphorus and nitrate/nitrite was also included in six sub-basins, and heavy metals in three sub-basins.


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