Showing 195 results for Type of Study: Original Research
Dr Seyed Yahya Mirzaee, Phd Student Roghayeh Amiri, Dr Manouchehr Chitsazan,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of climate change on the Khorramabad Central Plain aquifer. The climatic variables of temperature and precipitation were studied and downscale using GCM and LARS-WG models for a 45-year base period (October 1971 to September 2015). Temperature and precipitation values were then projected for a 30-year period (October 2024 to September 2054) under the climate scenarios SSP1.2.6, SSP2.4.5 and SSP5.8.5. The rainfall runoff simulation was carried out in the Khorramabad basin using the IHACRES model. The groundwater flow in the central plain of Khorramabad was calibrated using MODFLOW code for a period of 120 months (October 2010 to September 2020). This model was validated for a period of 36 months (October 2020 to September 2023). According to the results, the values of precipitation in the future period compared to the base period will decrease by 42.6, 47 and 61.9 mm in the scenarios SSP1.2.6, SSP2.4.5 and SSP5.8.5 respectively. The annual mean of minimum and maximum temperatures increases in all three scenarios. After calibration of the IHACRES model, NSE=0.74, RMSE=1.46 and R2=0.64 were obtained. According to the results, the predicted discharge of the Khorramabad River in the future period will increase by 2.38 m3.sec in the SSP1.2.6 scenario and decrease by 0.42 and 0.94 m3.sec in the SSP2.4.5 and SSP5.8.5 scenarios, respectively, compared to the base period. The average 30-year aquifer balance under the SSP1.2.6, SSP2.4.5 and SSP5.8.5 scenarios was 27494.5, -12335.3 and -41823.3 m3, respectively. The groundwater level of the Khorramabad Central Plain aquifer will decrease in the future period.
Hossein Ebrahimi, Farzad Akbari, Soroor Mazrae Asl, Babak Biglari,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
The Vorskharan karst spring with a catchment area of 50 square kilometers and an average discharge of about 1.35 m2/s is one of the most important springs in the city of Firouzkouh. In order to asses the hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical charachteristics of the spring, the physical and chemical properties of the spring water were measured and analyzed for several months. The results showed that the recession curve of the spring has a slope and the value of its coefficient is about 0.003. The low coefficienof the discharge variation t, electrical conductivity and major ions, as well as the single slope of the spring’s recession curve , are mainly due to the elongated shape of the aquifer and the long-term presence of snow in the catchment basin of the spring. Considering the relatively high water level of the spring and the existence of a sinkhole and a polje in the spring’s catchment area, as well as the coefficient of small changes in the physical and chemical parameters of the spring, it can be said that the dominant flow system in the aquifer which recharges Vorskharan spring,is conduit-diffusive. According to the field studies and the evaluation of the percentage of soil cover, the development of dissolved spaces and other morphological effects of karst, the percentage of annual recharge in the catchment area was estimated at 56%. With the amount of precipitation, the percentage of annual recharge, the annual recharge volume of the preliminary water catchment basin equal to 19.2 MCM and the annual discharge volume of the spring through the annual hydrograph of the spring was calculated to be equal to 20.1 MCM. It was also observed that the type of water is Ca-HCO3, and the lithology of the aquifer is calcareous and dolomite.
Prof. Mohammad Nakhaei, Dr. Amin Mohebbi Tafreshi, Dr. Tofigh Saadi,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
A sharp drop in groundwater level as a result of indiscriminate extraction over a long period of time leads to the drying up of groundwater flows, which is called the phenomenon of groundwater drought. In this regard, this research aims to investigate the process of change and reduction of groundwater level, which is characterised by the phenomenon of groundwater drought. Based on this, the Groundwater Resource Index (GRI) was used to evaluate the drought condition of groundwater and analyse its spatial and temporal patterns based on groundwater level data of 21 observation wells between 1993 and 2019. ArcGIS software was used to create zone maps. The results of the research show that certain areas of the study area have experienced moderate to severe drought since 2001. In addition, the GRI zonation maps show that the southern and south-eastern regions of the aquifer have been more sensitive to drought than other parts of the aquifer during the defined period. The spatio-temporal pattern of groundwater drought in the aquifer shows that after a period of moderate drought from 2001 to 2003, the condition of the aquifer improved slightly, and generally stable conditions were established from 2001 to 2010, but since 2011, the occurrence of drought has intensified and the aquifer has been in severe to very severe drought conditions. These conditions highlight the need for careful attention and implementation of management measures. One of the study's recommendations is to use satellite data on groundwater levels to assess the progress of the drought, and compare it with the findings of this study.
Dr Masoud Amelsakhi, Eng Elham Tehrani,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
This research is a laboratory study to improve the geotechnical properties of sandy soils. Concrete waste with a grain size of 1.2 to 1 inch was used for this purpose. The effect of using concrete waste at 0, 10, 20 and 30 weight percent on dry sandy soil in two loose and dense states was investigated. Based on the results of the direct cutting test, the addition of concrete waste has increased the shear strength and the internal friction angle of the soil; The loose samples made with ٪30 of concrete waste had the greatest effect, so adding ٪30 of concrete waste to loose sand increased the internal friction angle of the soil by ٪32 and the shear strength by ٪42 Similarly, adding ٪10 of concrete waste to dense sand increased the internal angle of friction of the soil by ٪4 and the shear strength by ٪6.
Majid Dashti Barmaki, Zahra Yazdani Barmaki, Massoud Morsali,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
In order to design and optimize the quality monitoring network in areas with several sub-basins, it is necessary to know the criteria that affect them, so that in each sub-basin the presence or absence of a monitoring station and the required parameters can be determined. In this respect, the use of the surface water pollution index, namely WRASTIC, can be effective. The WRASTIC model is a practical and advanced method for assessing the risk and potential of pollution in sub-basins. Due to its role in the drinking water supply of the city of Bandar Abbas, monitoring the quality of the Shamil-Takht study area is very beneficial. Therefore, to assess the risk of pollution in this plain, the basin was divided into 16 sub-basins using Global Mapper software. The WRASTIC index was presented as different layers of information, and its value was calculated for each sub-basin by rating by expert judgement method, weighting by hierarchical analysis method, and merging layers using weighted overlap. The results showed that three sub-basins have high risk and three sub-basins have low risk. Then, according to the condition of the streams in each sub-basin, the pollution index and its importance, the number of quality monitoring stations and the necessary parameters in this area were determined. Accordingly, five stations were added to the existing ten hydrometric stations at different locations. In the final 15 stations, the measurement of general parameters and major ions was included in the proposed agenda. The measurement of parameters such as phosphate/phosphorus and nitrate/nitrite was also included in six sub-basins, and heavy metals in three sub-basins.
M.sc. Behrooz Margan, Dr. Davood Fereidooni,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
In this research, various aspects of the rock burst phenomenon in the Haji-Abad tunnel site in the Hormozgan province have been discussed. Considering that the tunnel site is located in an active tectonized environment in terms of geological conditions and the depth of the tunnel in some parts reaches more than 100 to 253 m, and also considering the variety of rocks in the tunnel site, which are massive rocks with high strength up to broken fault zones, the importance of studying and investigating the phenomenon of rock burst is very important for the safety of the labor force and equipment and the stability of the underground space. For this purpose, the Haji-Abad tunnel site has been divided into ten units of engineering geological conditions using the BGD method, which includes eight units T1 to T8 and two crashed zones Tf1 and Tf2. Then, using common experimental and semi-experimental methods, the phenomenon of rock burst in the tunnel site has been evaluated. In the experimental procedure, Goel et al.'s criterion was used, according to which the rock burst phenomenon does not occur in any of the tunnel units. Using semi-empirical methods, including the criterion of linear elastic energy of the tunnel site units in the range of very low to moderate rock burst phenomena and using the tangential stress criterion, the site units in the medium to very high range and based on the stress criteria of these units in the moderate to high range and finally, using the fragility criterion, all site units are placed in the range of high rock burst.
Eng. Zahra Soleimani, Dr. Ebrahim Rahimi, Dr. Houshang Khairy,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
This article deals with the strength evaluation of concrete obtained by adding different percentages of three types of nanominerals, including nanocalcite, nanobarite and nanofluorite. To measure the velocity of ultrasonic waves and compressive strength of concrete, 15×15×15 cm cube samples were prepared with 7-, 28- and 90-days curing. 10 types of mix designs with 0.39 water-cement ratio, including the control sample (without additives) and the samples with 0.5, 0.75 and 1% nanominerals were subjected to the mentioned tests. The results showed that the addition of nanocalcite, nanofluorite, and nanobarite with values of 0.75%, 1%, and 0.75%, respectively, have the highest compressive strength compared to the control sample. Although these do not have pozzolanic properties, they play a positive role in increasing the concrete strength by filling concrete voids and due to their high specific gravity, increasing concrete density.
Miss Sooror Mazraeasl, Mr Farzad Akbari, Ms Elahe Iraniasl, Miss Leila Hosseini Shafei,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
Groundwater is one of the main sources of water supply for agriculture, drinking and industry in Iran, especially in areas with arid and semi-arid climates. Therefore, due to the high importance of groundwater resources, it is necessary to know the hydrodynamic parameters in order to determine the natural flow of water and manage the optimal utilization of groundwater resources. Considering the role of the Daloon-Meydavood aquifer in providing part of the water needed in the study area, especially for agricultural purposes, the hydrodynamic parameters of this aquifer were estimated using the methods of grain size analysis, geophysics and pumping test. The parameters were calculated by all three methods and validated using the flow rate of the exploitation wells. In all three methods, the hydrodynamic parameters (Hydraulic conductivity, Specific yeild, transmissivity coefficient) are the highest in the north and northeast and the lowest in the south and northwest. The results showed that 2 methods including grain size analysisand pumping test had the most similarity with the discharge map of the exploitationwells.
Dr Sayed Ali Asghari Pari,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
Pile design is subject to a number of uncertainties that must be addressed to ensure the reliability and safety of the foundation. A common approach to reduce uncertainties in pile design is to calibrate the resistance factor in the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method through reliability analysis. However, it is important to recognize that the LRFD method may not fully account for uncertainties associated with soil and pile resistances. The results of this study show that the separate consideration of base and wave resistance can lead to a more accurate and reliable design of piles. The proposed method can help engineers make more informed decisions and reduce uncertainties in pile design. In addition, the study highlights the importance of considering different factors such as the ratio of dead to live load and the ratio of base to shaft resistance when calculating the resistance factor.
Amin Ahmadi, Maryam Zebarjad, Ghoramreza Mirzavand,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
The zone of influence is the area where water withdrawal from the well causes the water level to fall. The drawdown cone is a conical shape of the water level in the zone of influence, and it is necessary to know the effect of the factors influencing it. Previous studies have mainly investigated aquifers with horizontal water levels and less realistic conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of well physical parameters on the drawdown cone in one of the unconfined aquifers with a sloping water surface. In this aquifer, a normal discharge well was simulated using the Modflow program and the effect of the target parameters was studied. The results showed that: the drawdown cone is symmetrical up to long pumping and relatively long distances; the zone of influence will eventually extend to the entire aquifer and significant drawdown will occur at long distances. A significant part of the drawdown in the well is recovered in the first moments of pump shutdown, but at long distances, the drawdown continues to increase for a long time. An inflection point can be extracted from the drawdown cone which represents the minimum drawdown that does not increase after the pump is stopped and can be introduced as a unique value. By increasing the flow several times, the depth of the cone increases, but the width of the cone increases only slightly. If the pump is turned on and off successively, the general shape of the cone does not depend on the nominal discharge of the well, but mainly on the average discharge of the aquifer. Relative infiltration increases the depth of the cone only near the well and has no significant effect on its shape further away.
Mohammad Zainali, Dr Mohammad Reza Asef, Dr Ruholah Nadri,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
This paper investigates the application of geomechanical and geological engineering methods to determine the optimum working face width for the safe and efficient extraction of manganese ore extraction at the Venarch Mine (Qom Province, Central part of Iran). The underground workings on the west face (240m depth) present significant geotechnical challenges due to the presence of faults, clay seams, and loose rock layers. These features require careful careful stability analysis to ensure the safety and economic viability of the underground mining operation. This study uses three established methods for rock mass classification and stability assessment. The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) classification system, the Q-system (Barton), and the numerical analysis using Plaxis 3D software. A robust and data-driven approach to determining the optimum workshop width was achieved by employing a synergistic combination of these three methods, together with meticulous ground observations and expert engineering judgement. This framework offers a powerful tool for determining the optimal and safe workshop width for this sector of the mine. By capitalizing on the strengths of each methodology, this research aims to establish a data-driven and informed decision-making process to ensure a stable and economically viable approach.
Somayeh Zarei Doudeji, Rahim Bagheri, Hadi Jafari,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
Groundwater resources in Iran are of particular importance due to the lack of surface water resources, lack of precipitation, high evaporation volume and recent droughts. The first step in identifying and exploiting groundwater resources is its quantitative and qualitative investigation. Neyriz watershed, located in the study area of Qatroiye desert, has 17 piezometers, whose groundwater level has been recorded monthly during the statistical period of more than 12 years. Investigations of the groundwater level and the map of the flow lines show the anomaly of the flow in the south and southwest part of the aquifer, which shows the direction of the groundwater flow contrary to the direction of the topography of the area. In this research, an attempt was made to investigate the cause of this anomaly based on the available information, including piezometer drilling logs, aquifer quality data, and national statistical data. Based on the qualitative information of the aquifer, the electrical conductivity and chlorine values of the groundwater increase in the direction of the topographic slope, which indicates the flow in the direction of the topographic slope. Qualitative charts of Piper, Schuler and Durov also confirm this issue. The level of groundwater in selected exploitation wells for qualitative sampling based on the information of the depth of groundwater in national statistics also indicates the flow in the direction of the topographic slope. Finally, a clay layer with a thickness of 10 to 30 meters was observed in the drilling log of the piezometers in the south and southwest of the aquifer. Examining all the results shows that the existing aquifer is probably a double-layered aquifer, where the flow direction in the upper layer is in the direction of the topographic slope and in the lower layer is against it, and the piezometers of the south and southwest parts penetrated the lower aquifer. In order to confirm the desired hypothesis, it is suggested to carry out geophysical studies in the area or to dig exploratory wells.
Kamal Ganjalipour, Reza Azimi, Mojtaba Moradi,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
In determining the water that can be allocated for different uses, including agriculture (as the main consumer), the most important step in this era is the proper management of groundwater resources. The observance of water consumption within the limit of allocated water ensures that the consequences of the exploitation of groundwater resources and the sustainability of development are guaranteed, and operators use technological methods to increase the efficiency of using water resources for more production in proportion to the amount tend to available water. In this article, first, the method of calculating the water allocated to the agricultural sector in the country has been studied and criticized. In this study, it was found that in the formula for calculating the current allocated water, the component of agricultural return water as an effective parameter causes a huge error in the calculation of allocated water. Then, a new formula for the calculation of allocated water was proposed, and an attempt was made to correct and apply the effect of the input component of agricultural return water on the amount of allocated water based on the calculation of allocated water in the new proposed method, taking into account the aquifer capacity based on the parameters of the water resources balance.
Ms Roghayeh Hasani, Dr Ebrahim Asghari-Kaljahi, Dr Sina Majidiana,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
With the expansion of the petroleum industry and the aging of facilities and pipelines, oil spills are becoming more frequent. In addition to environmental impacts, oil spills can cause changes in the plasticity and dispersivity of soils. To investigate the potential for dispersion in fine-grained soils due to oil leakage, soil samples were collected from the Shazand Refinery area in Arak and mixed with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% by weight crude oil. Specimens were prepared at the maximum dry density obtained from the Proctor compaction test and, after curing, pinhole and double hydrometer tests were conducted. The results of the mentioned tests showed that the fine-grained soil tends to disperse with the addition of up to 15% oil, and this dispersion increases with further increases to 20%. Changes in the soil fabric with increasing oil content were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and the results showed that the dispersion of soil particles increased with increasing oil content.
Seyyed Mahmoud Fatemi Aghda, Seyyed Sara Mousavi Herati, Mehdi Talkhablo, Amir Maziar Raeis Ghasemi,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
The alkali-silica reaction of aggregates is one of the most significant factors in the destruction of concrete structures worldwide. This is due to chemical reactions between alkaline fluids in concrete voids and active silica minerals present in some aggregates. Considering that many physical, chemical and mechanical properties of concrete are related to aggregates, the role of aggregates in concrete is crucial. This research aims to investigate the compatibility of aggregate petrographic studies and accelerated prismatic mortar testing in predicting the reactivity of aggregates and determining the intensity of aggregate reactivity using the DRI index (a semi-quantitative complementary petrographic analysis). The study was carried out on laboratory samples of aggregates from mines around Tehran, using the ASTM C295, ASTM C1260 and ASTM C856-4 tests. The results showed that pyroclastic aggregates, which include sandy tuff, crystalline tuff (dacitic andesite) and glassy tuff, have the potential to cause an alkali-silica reaction due to their glassy background and microcrystalline silica. During the alkaline reaction tests of the aggregates, evidence of gel was found in cracks, holes and cement paste. In addition, the DRI index showed that the fine aggregates of both study areas were in the "slightly damaged" category and the coarse aggregates were in the "severely damaged" category.
Somayeh Zarei Doudeji, Rahim Bagheri, Hadi Jafari,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Due to Iran's weather conditions and lack of water resources, dam construction projects are particularly important for the country's development and progress. Water resources management based on system dynamics is capable of simulating complex water resources systems. This model for the simulation of water resources has various capabilities, such as increasing the speed of model development, the possibility of group development of the model, effective communication of the results, and increasing confidence in the model through user participation. In this research, the model of the dynamic system of the multipurpose dam of Qamshek in Hormozgan province has been simulated using the probabilistic simulation method. The purpose of this modelling is to realize different needs of the dam (domestic, environmental, industrial and agricultural) before its construction and to check the quality conditions of the reservoir. The study of the results of the quantitative modelling was done after calculating the annual and monthly percentage of volumetric and temporal supply of different needs and their source of supply. The results show that the volumetric supply percentage of domestic, environmental, industrial and agricultural needs of the dam is 95.53, 95.02, 94.18 and 93.14% respectively, and the temporal supply percentage of domestic, environmental, industrial and agricultural needs is 95.19, 94.94, 93.67 and 92.91% respectively, which are all within the acceptable range of the Ministry of Energy. Qualitative modelling of the dam was carried out for the most pessimistic case with a discharge electrical conductivity of 3000 and a base discharge of 10000 micromos/cm, on the basis of which the maximum electrical conductivity of the reservoir was calculated to be 11900 micromos/cm. Based on this research, it was found that by modelling based on model evaluation indicators, including percentage of volume supply and percentage of time supply of different needs, it is easy to quantify the effect of exploitation and management policies on the way of determination and allocation. Observed the quality of water resources and made the most optimal decision.
Dr Sepideh Shakour, Dr Manouchehr Chitsazan, Dr Seyed Yahya Mirzaee,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
One of the appropriate ways to prevent groundwater pollution is to identify vulnerable aquifer areas. The Dezful-Andimeshk Plain has two landfills that do not comply with the necessary standards for waste disposal and a river that recharges the aquifer, which can be potential pollutants for the aquifer. Therefore, evaluating the pollution potential of this aquifer is considered a necessity. To achieve this goal, for the first time in this area, the assessment of the aquifer pollution potential was carried out based on the intrinsic vulnerability (DRASTIC) and specific vulnerability (DLR), and finally, the potential contamination (PC) in the region was evaluated.. Based on the results, the value of the inherent vulnerability index ranges from 106 to 162 and has two vulnerability classes: moderate and high. The high vulnerability is related to the western margin of the plain and near the outlet of the plain, as well as in the middle of the plain with a northeast-southwest trend. The low vulnerability is associated with the northern and southern parts of the region. The specific vulnerability index ranges from 25 to 75, which, based on expert opinion, is classified into two classes: low and medium vulnerability. The highest intrinsic vulnerability is in the middle of the plain and around the Dez River. According to the results, the aquifer's PC ranges from 130 to 207 due to specific and intrinsic vulnerabilities. It is classified into three classes: medium, high, and very high, mainly affected by the river, land use, soil, and hydraulic conductivity.
Dr Amir Saberinasr, Dr Majid Dashti Barmaki,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
One of the strategies for water storage in arid and semi-arid areas such as Iran is the construction of underground dams; however, identifying suitable sites for the construction of these structures remains a major challenge. The aim of this paper is to identify the optimal locations for the construction of underground dams using a geographic information system and multi-criteria decision making techniques. Firstly, thematic maps were prepared in ArcGIS environment including geological condition, land use, landslide potential, topography, water stress, aquifer area and distance from dam, village, qanat, stream, fault, airport and road. Hierarchical analysis and fuzzy logic methods were used to weight the prepared maps. By removing unsuitable and restricted areas for the construction of underground dams, a final potential map for this structure was prepared. The results show that the provinces of Razavi and South Khorasan, Kerman, Yazd, Sistan and Baluchistan, Hamedan, Qazvin, Zanjan, Markazi and Qom have greater potential for the construction of underground dams than other provinces in the country. Finally, to validate the results, a comparison was made between the results presented in this study and several successful underground dam projects in the country, showing a relatively close match between the potential map and the implemented structures.
Prof. Hamid Reza Nassery, Eng. Maryam Arab, Dr. Zahra Kayhomayoon,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
The study of the aquifer hydrogeochemical processes and the detailed investigation of the groundwater pollutants in order to control the pollution and prevent its environmental consequences are of special importance. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of the Siahroud River on lead and nitrate contamination of groundwater in Qaimshahr-Joibar plain. For this purpose, two surface water samples were collected from Siahroud River, before and after Qaimshahr city, and 13 groundwater samples were collected from 13 wells, located in the bed of Siahroud river, in three periods during 2019-2020. The of nitrate, lead and dissolved oxygen concentrations of the samples were measured in the laboratory of Mazandaran Regional Water Company. The assessment of the pollution of water resources in the area shows that the discharge of urban, rural and industrial sewage and agricultural drains into the Siahroud River has caused an increase in the concentration of nitrate and lead ions in the groundwater. The Siahroud River has had an impact on groundwater pollution in the Qaimshahr plain in the upstream and some middle parts of the range due to the direction of groundwater flow and the exchange that exists between the river and the aquifer, as well as the direct discharge of pollutant sources to surface water.
Dr Mehran Esfahanizadeha, Dr Mohamad Davoodi, Dr Ebrahim Haghshenas, Dr Mohamad Kazem Jafari,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
The determination ofgeological subsurface strata and shear wave velocity profiles is one of the most important engineering measures for seismic design and site effects studies. Recently, the use of seismic geophysical methods in engineering geological studies for this purpose has become widespread. In this paper, the accuracy and efficiency of seismic geophysical methods with active and passive seismic source in determining the subsurface geological structure of a selected site in the city of Abasabad in northern Iran have been studied. To this end, first, by conducting several exploratory boreholes, the subsurface geological structure of the study site up to a depth of 70 meters was carefully determined using engineering geological experiments. The results of this section showed that the shallow sediments of Abasabad site are mainly composed of sandy soils with four separate geological layers. In the next step, in two other separate boreholes, seismic geophysical experiments with active source of down-hole test were performed in order to accurately determine the shear wave velocity profile in different layers. In addition, in the next phase, using the array microtremor recording method, which is a new seismic geophysical method of passive-source type, to determine the subsurface geological structure of the study site in the form of shear wave velocity profiles. It should be noted that the array microtremor recording was performed using fifteen different arrangements of receptors (with different numbers and distances of receptors) and by two analyzing methods including F-K and SPAC. The results of these studies showed that both active and passive seismic geophysical methods had acceptable performance in determining the subsurface geological stratification of the site. It also could be inferred that the down-hole test with high accuracy determines the shear wave velocity in each layer compared to the array microtremor method but requires artificial production of seismic waves and borehole drilling. Array microtremor method without the need for drilling and production of artificial seismic waves has high efficiency in determining the subsurface layering and estimating the shear wave velocity of each layer and in general the results of this paper showed that in estimating the shear wave velocity compared to down-hole method shows up to 10% error.
