Saeed Dehghan Khavari, , Saeedeh Derakhsh, Hossein Mirjalili,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (12-2021)
Abstract
Price, as an element of marketing, plays an essential role in the decision-making of tourists as well as the income of tourism activists. Therefore, it is essential to identify the components and factors affecting the pricing process. The outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran has drawn the attention of tourism businesses to the necessity of the pricing process and updating the price of tourism products. We examined the pricing components of tourism products by qualitative-quantitative approach and using fuzzy cognitive mapping. We identified 29 pricing factors of tourism products using the opinion of 9 tourism experts. In the next step, 18 factors were selected in 4 dimensions using semi-structured interviews. Finally, we identified the most important components of tourism products’ pricing during the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings indicate that four components of cost coverage and loss prevention, purchasing power, survival in the tourism market, and the extent of tourist demand are more important than other components during the coronavirus outbreak.
Dr Saeed Kianpoor, Dr Samira Motaghi,
Volume 15, Issue 58 (2-2025)
Abstract
Objective: This research analyzes the spillover of fluctuations on the performance indicators of the metal industries, with an emphasis on the Covid-19 crisis in the period 1390 to 1402 (2011 to 2023).
Materials and Methods For this purpose, the quantile autoregressive panel model has been used, which allows the analysis of nonlinear relationships and quantile-based dependencies between companies. This model examines volatility spillovers in different market conditions (including crisis periods) by focusing on different quantiles (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75).
Results Analyses show that economic fluctuations have particularly affected the financial performance of metal companies, reducing their profitability and liquidity. Also, companies that have been able to respond quickly to market changes and maintain their reputation have performed better.
Conclusion: This research emphasizes the importance of risk management and optimizing financial resources in the face of crises and can be considered as a resource for analysts and managers of the metal industries to improve resilience and performance in crisis situations.
Originality: During the COVID-19 health crisis, the metal industry faced serious challenges due to severe economic fluctuations and disruptions in the supply chain. This study shows that the volatility caused by the Covid-19 crisis has had significant impacts on return on assets, financial constraints, and sales rates in these industries.
