Showing 7 results for Panel Data.
Dr Ghahraman Abdoli, Dr Vahid Majed,
Volume 3, Issue 7 (3-2012)
Abstract
In the past decades, a range of discussions has been formed on coalition theory in economics and international sciences. The focus of this discussion is that in the absence of a superior power, and while some players want to expand their authorities, is it possible to cooperate or not. These theories agree on the principle that if such condition be a sequential game, cooperation will be permanent only if the players are patient enough. In the real world, there are many partnerships between groups that don’t have a same patience, i.e. the discount factor isn’t equal for each of the members. OPEC is an example of those groups which composed of members with different discount factor.
This paper investigates the future of OPEC members and their different discount factors. So, cooperative theory is used to analyze the behavior of OPEC members using panel data techniques. Results show that a fixed effects model is appropriate to explain OPEC member’s behavior. According to the model, the amount of marketed crude oil by members has positive relationship with stocks and sales in the previous period and also there is a negative relationship between the amount of marketed oil and square of proven reserves per capita. The results show that bargaining and negotiation between some members to achieve agreement rapidly and also relents or blackmails guarantees OPEC Survival.
Dr Abolfazl Shahabadi, Dr Mohamad Kazem Naziri, Nima Nilforoushan,
Volume 3, Issue 9 (10-2012)
Abstract
Parties and candidates in the election campaign try to raise the community to vote for them by offering a variety of social policies. However, the public health expenditures have been raised among the candidates as one of the most important tools to attract votes. Thus, this study uses panel data to investigate whether the components of electoral cycle have affected the growth of public health expenditures in both developed and developing countries over the period of 1994-2010. Using the related tests, two methods of static panel (random effects) and dynamic panel estimation were selected. According to the results, the presence of electoral cycles could not be rejected in both types of countries. Based on these results, politicians in every country increase the public health expenditures before the election in hopes of gaining a greater share of people's votes.
Phd Mohammad Hassan Fotros, Hossein Yari, Reza Maboudi,
Volume 4, Issue 12 (7-2013)
Abstract
Dominance of arid and semiarid climate in a vast area of Iran along with the water consumption growth necessitates a more sophisticated planning, a more efficient operation towards an optimal allocation and conservation of water resources in the country. In recent decades many countries, including Iran, have adopted increasing block tariffs for domestic water management. This policy is based on a progressive tariffs applied to control and manage the residential water consumption.
In this paper, we developed a panel data model to investigate the impact of increasing block pricing on the residential water consumption during 2004-2008. The average and marginal price models of demand for residential water have been estimated to examine the effects of households’ income and the climate conditions on the residential water consumption. Results show that the increasing block pricing system has not efficiently controlled the residential water consumption in Iran.
Dr Hassan Taee, Dr Javid Bahrami, Sima Bagheri,
Volume 4, Issue 13 (10-2013)
Abstract
One of the empirical relationships that have been used to study the dynamics of labor market is the Beveridge curve -the scatter plot of unemployment rates versus vacancy rates- that is used to summarize the state of that market. The starting point for deriving the Beveridge curve is a matching function between unemployed workers and vacant jobs.
In this research, provincial data are combined to estimate the Beveridge curve and the matching function of Iran. The matching function is estimated using provincial data for the period 1993-2008 and for estimating the Beveridge curve, provincial data for period 2005-2008 are used. The outcomes imply that the number of unemployed workers and vacant jobs has a positive and significant relationship with successful job matches. The elasticity of matching function for the unemployed and job vacancies equals 0.24 and 0.79, respectively. The Beveridge curve depicts a convex and negative relationship between unemployment rate and vacancy rate, although the relationship is not strong.
Hosein Mohammadi, Morteza Mohammadi, Mohammad Tirgari-Seraji,
Volume 8, Issue 30 (12-2017)
Abstract
Proposed by the World Bank, in which the emphasis is on the participation of all sectors in order to achieve comprehensive development in economic, political, social and cultural fields. In this research, by using data of governance quality in 97 countries in 2000-2012, using panel data method, the effect of governance quality index and its sub-indices on the growth rate of per capita GDP is studied. To achieve the comparable results, countries have divided into five groups with low income (first group), with lower than average income (second group), with higher than average income (third group), high income and non-OECD (Group 4) and high-income and OECD (Group 5) countries. Then the effects of some explanatory variables such as governance indicator and its sub-indices on the per capita GDP is estimated for each group of countries separately. The results of the research indicate that in the studied period and for the countries under study, the governance indicator and its sub-indices do not have the same effects on GDP per capita in different groups of countries. Voice and accountability index has a positive significant effect on per capita GDP growth only in three groups of countries (third, fourth and fifth groups). Political stability index only has a positive significant effect on per capita GDP growth in the third group. The government efficiency indicator only has a positive significant effect on per capita GDP growth in the third, fourth and fifth groups. In the first group, only the regulatory quality index has a positive significant effect on per capita GDP growth. This difference in the way indicators are used implies a difference in regulatory policies in order to influence the per capita GDP growth in different groups of countries.
Manizheh Bratzadeh, Javad Harati, Mohammad Lashkari,
Volume 9, Issue 33 (10-2018)
Abstract
Money laundering is an illegal practice that legitimizes the income from illegal activities during a legitimate process.Trade-based money laundering (TBML) as one of the newest and most complicated types of money laundering has negative effects on economic, social and political aspect of a society.The most important objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of various factors on trade based money laundering in Iran using the Ferwerda Gravity model.For this purpose the effective factors on trade base money laundering between iran and some selected trade partners are investigated by the use of a random effect model during the period 1999-2012. The results indicate that a great significant part of the trade based money laundering flow between Iran and selected trade partners can be explained by the the Ferwerda Gravity model. Accordingly, gorss doimestic product(GDP), trade volume, geographical, cultural, population and attractiveness variables have a significant effect on the amount of trade based money laundering in Iran.This means that with the increase in trade flow, money laundering opportunities resulted from the trade channel, that is hidden in it, will also increase. These results can be used by policy makers for designing policies to combat money laundering particularly coming from trade channel.
Ali Kiani, Karim Eslamloueyan, Phd Roohollah Shahnazi, Parviz Rostamzadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 38 (12-2019)
Abstract
In recent years, some research has focused on the importance of the origin of an oil shock for macroeconomic dynamics in both oil-exporting and importing countries. The existing literature lacks a proper open Stochastic Dynamic General Equilibrium (DSGE) framework to investigate the effect of the origins of oil shocks on macro variables in a two-country model consisting of an oil-exporting county and an oil-importing country. To this end, we develop and solve a new Keynesian DSGE model to show how the different oil shocks originating from oil supply or oil demand, might have diverse impacts on key macroeconomic variables in oil-exporting and importing counties. For the case study, we use data from Iran as an example of an oil-exporting country that trades with the rest of the world. Our DSGE model is estimated by using the Bayesian method for the period 1986:1-2017:4. The result shows that an oil shock originated from the shortage of oil supply (an exogenous decrease in Iran's oil production) decreases total production, non-oil trade, employment, inflation and consumption in this oil-exporting country. While a negative oil supply shock increases production costs and reduces production and consumption in Iran. However, an oil shock originated from an increase in the demand for oil raises output, non-oil trade, employment, consumption, and inflation in Iran as an oil-exporting country while a demand-side oil shock boosts production and increases inflation in this country.
