Journal of Economic Modeling Research

  Despite the belief of many economic scholars, women have played a significant role in the industrialization process of communities. Unfortunately, although women have the necessary competence to accept society responsibilities, inappropriate behavior and discriminatory is imposed to them and this problem has caused the women's participation rate slower than the participation rate of men. As women's economic participation rate is the measure of progress and development in developed and developing nations, the issue of women's economic participation is of great importance. This study aims at estimating the women’s participation in Iranian economy using macroeconomic data and econometric method of panel data. Results show that women's economic participation rate in 28 provinces of Iran is affected by the main variable of wage rate and also by the control variables such as gross domestic production per capita, unemployment rate etc. Results also show that increasing the share of industrial and agricultural sectors in supplying new occupations has positive effect on women’s participation while an increase in the share of services sector in the supply of new occupations has a negative effect.

Maximizing the social welfare considered as one of the main aspects the development process in society. This important is achieved through increased quality of life and welfare consumer the individual. In this context, quality of life and welfare consumer women as an important group of human resources in society, is affected by various factors. Despite women’s welfare patterns there is no precise information in this regard. Given the importance this issue, the present study using method Deaton and Paxson (1997) and life cycle model separation women heads of household expenditure as variable of welfare to three age, cohort and period effect. Therefore, in this paper, typical pattern is used pseudo-panel data. Pseudo-panel data using repeated cross-sectional data, Create generations of families during time. The feature of this method is, to trace the performance of each cohort over time. The results showed that lowest consumption is done by first generation. The age effect shows household consumption expenditure increased with increasing age. The time effect also shows Amount increase in consumption in the first decade (1991 to 2001) to more than the amount consumed in the second decade (2001 and 2011).

A great portion of economic growth deals with education and development implies a gradual substitution of human quality instead of their quantity in development process. Improvement and higher education of women and their role in economic growth should be considered from this aspect. Recently, many empirical studies have evaluated the effect of higher education based on sexual separation on economic growth. The result of these studies shows that the higher education of women has a positive impact on economic growth. This paper, analyses the role of women higher education in economic growth of  some OPEC member countries and North Africa including: Iran, Qatar, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Algeria, Ecuador, Morocco and Tunisia. This paper uses panel data over 1991-2010 period and a modified neo-classical Mankiw-Romer-Weil growth model which all levels of education are employed. The results of this study indicate that women higher education has positive and significant effect on GDP per capita in these countries which shows the high importance of women higher education in expediting the economic growth of the studied countries.Bearing in mind, the empirical and statistical description in this study, it appears it is necessary for these countries to invest in higher education of women proportionate to the higher educations by means of adopting suitable policies for scientific development necessary for economic growth.