Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences

The role of climate change in the movement of climatic seasons in Iran

Mohammad hossein Nassrzadeh

In this research, we are trying to determine the “beginning time” as well as the “end” of the climatic seasons; and we will focus on identifying the displacement of these dates, which is influenced by the “climate changes” and “descriptionAbstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate possible changes and displacements in Iran's climatic seasons due to climate change. To do this, temperature, relative humidity, water vapor, wind and cloud data for 36 stations were received from the Meteorological Agency over 40 years. The data were divided into two 20-year series to allow comparison. Daily temperature data for each clustering time series were determined, then by considering 7-day sequences, the beginning and end of the seasons. The designated times were tested using the Rayman model. The results of comparing the seasons in the two time series indicated that in all stations, changes in climatic seasons occurred from Insignificant to significant. Climatic seasons in Iran do not correspond to calendar seasons, and climate change, especially temperature changes in recent decades, has caused the seasons to shift and shorten and lengthen. Although the beginning and end of the seasons do not generally correspond to their calendar dates, most of the days of these seasons occur in its calendar periods. The changes that have taken place have not only affected the length of the seasons, and these shifts have also changed the quality of the natural seasons.
Keywords: Climate change, natural seasons, cluster analysis, Rayman model of the qualitative conditions” created in them, compared to the past climatic periods. “Meteorological Organization” data has been used in this research. Forty years of received data, was divided into two groups of 20. Applying SPSS, each group was divided into four stages representing each seasons. From these stages, the beginning time and the end of seasons were determined and the accuracy of the obtained dates was controlled with the comfort indicators of the Rayman model. The results of the comparison of seasons in two time series indicated that, the changes occurred in natural seasons from an almost non-existent one in all stations. Climatic seasons in Iran are not compatible with the summer season and climate change, especially the change in temperature in recent decades, has caused changes and shortening of seasons. Most of the days in these seasons occur during its monthly periods, although the beginning and end of the seasons generally do not match their calendar dates. Changes have not only affected the duration of the season, and these changes have also led to a change in the natural quality of the season.

Estimation of base temperature in different growth stages of wheat Case study: Sararood Station of Kermanshah

hosien mohammadi

In this study, in order to study the base temperature (minimum temperature for plant growth) at the degree of growth day (GDD), which is one of the important parameters in calculating the degree of growth day, first, the data required for the 2009-2017 statistical period of wheat production at the station Sararood was taken from the station. Then, after sorting and separating growth different stages, using four methods of calculating the base temperature (1 - minimum standard deviation SDgdd day, 2 - minimum standard deviation SDAY days, 3 - regression coefficient per day CRday, 4 - CV coefficient of variation) was the most suitable method for calculating the base temperature of growth in different stages of planting to wheat harvesting. The results showed that the most suitable method is the minimum standard deviation in GDD, which The base temperature was obtained from germination to full reach for different growth stages, 5/8, 0/38, 1/8, 2/6, 0/63, 2, 3/7, 9/7, 8/6, 11 degrees Celsius. By comparing different methods of calculating GDD, the most appropriate of method was the general method of calculating the degree of growth day due to the most of similarity to the station data. The degree of growth day in different stages was calculated based on their base temperature and the results showed that the calculation of the base temperature at each stage of the growth of the wheat was very accurate for GDD calculation and a precise estimate of GDD was obtained.

Evaluation of the Normative Framework of Strategic Planning for the Realization of Good Urban Governance in Tehran's 22 District

Rasol Darskhan

The Urban Development Strategy Plan is an attempt to take into account the potential and talent capacities of the city in an institutionalized and systematic framework and the construction of a clear future as one of the current concerns that identifies strategies for creating urban sustainability conditions in good governance. The main idea of this policy is that it is imperative for all cities in an increasingly competitive and increasingly global economy to have a clever and clear strategy for how its land is positioned to minimize negative effects, predict potential shocks, and exploit the comparative potential and Competitive In such a situation, making decisions for urban issues and planning for the future is much more difficult. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the urban development strategy of District 22 as one of the tools for implementing urban governance paradigm. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The tool for evaluating AHP's hierarchical analysis technique is implemented according to the views of the experts and stakeholders. The results of the research indicate a significant difference between the design of CDS and its implementation phase.

Strategies for diversification of economic activities in villages of Saqez city using SWOC method and QSPM matrix

ahadollah fatahi

The diversification of economic activities in rural areas is considered as a strategy where rural households increase their income sources. The villages of Saqez city, despite having high environmental potential and capacity in different sectors, such as agriculture, have a poor livelihood and economic status. Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the following questions: What are the appropriate strategies for diversifying economic activities in the villages of Saqiz? The present study was conducted through descriptive-analytic method. In a survey method, SWOC analysis model and QSPM evaluation matrix, we presented appropriate strategies. To design a strategic model and determine the ranking of factors 20 from experts and also to factor out the factors of 300 villagers in the area. The study sample is selected as sample. The results of the SWOC model show that the existence of an appropriate ecosystem in the region for tourism development, the existence of four climates in the region and the possibility of cultivation in each season, as well as the presence of the leading farmers in the region, are the most important strengths against the weakness of the financial and economic context of many Villagers and traditional exploitation are the most important internal weaknesses for diversifying economic activities in the study area. Also, the results of this model indicate that in the external environment 34 opportunities have been identified, the attention of the authorities to the conversion and complementary industries, the border area and the suitable field for exporting agricultural products to the Iraqi countries, are the most important external opportunities and in contrast to 36 challenges and limitations. The key factors of the migration and exodus of elite educated to Tehran and neighboring provinces, climate change and increasing natural hazards such as floods and droughts are the most important external barriers affecting the diversification of economic activities in the villages of the study area. Also, the results indicate It gives diversification of the activities of the economy The studied villages should be focused on strengths and opportunities.

Impact of land use and vegetation on the formation of thermal islands Case Study: Qainat City

javad jamalabadi

Awareness of the status of vegetation, land use change and surface temperature in each region, and the timing and location of their changes over time are important for micro and macro planning. In order to make optimal use of land, knowledge of land use changes is necessary, which is usually possible by detecting and predicting land use changes. Measuring the role of researches and researchers has been instrumental in the study of natural resources, especially vegetation, surface temperature and user variations in each location, as well as the availability of information for different times for valuable studies. In this study, ETM and OLI were used to study the process of land use change, vegetation cover, surface temperature, and hazards caused by them in perennial seasons. The results show that the area of use changes over the period 2000-2010 has decreased the area of use of the developed area, agricultural and growing gardens and the area of land and rangelands. Artificial vegetation has risen in aggregate and rangeland lands are showing a decreasing trend. Due to the importance of vegetation and its role in reducing the temperature of the earth's surface, the trend has been decreasing in regions with intensive vegetation and high temperature. Also, in the period from 2010 to 2017, the range was further increased and the city's growth continued sporadically, causing environmental changes and rising temperatures in the city. The change in the city's increased range has increased environmental risks, including the loss of good agricultural land and the increase in the temperature of the city. Due to the fact that most agricultural land is located in the vicinity of the city under cultivation of saffron, which in the warm seasons does not have surface coatings, changes in the type of cultivation can also affect the temperature of the earth.

Redefining the Iranian Neighborhood Concept in Newly Developed Urban Contexts Based on Data Theory

nima , Jahanbin

The purpose of this study is to redefine the concept of neighborhood in newly developed urban contexts. Therefore, this research is a qualitative research in terms of purpose and is a qualitative one with Grounded Theory approach. A cross-sectional approach was used to analyze the documentary studies. The statistical population of this study includes experts and university professors in urban planning and sociology. The method of data collection is documentary study, views, definitions and in-depth and open interviews. In this study, 22 people were interviewed. NVivo software was used to analyze the qualitative data and coding and to evaluate the frequency of codes extracted from the interviews. The findings of this study indicated that redefining the concept of neighborhood in developed contexts can be explored through conceptual modeling. In this conceptual model the four most important dimensions are objective (physical-functional), subjective (perceptual), economic, and socio-institutional dimensions to redefine the concept of neighborhood in new urban contexts. It also interconnects the seven core codes of “diversity and quality of urban services”, “neighborhood edge and boundary”, “safety and security”, “livelihood and economic position of the neighborhood”, “social status”, “social solidarity”, and “sense of belonging and the correlation with the location” with three selective codes “continuity and functional-spatial cohesion”, “socio-economic mobility”, and “socio-institutional cohesion, and dependency”, a new definition of the neighborhood can be found which is presented at the end of this article with the conceptual model.

Evaluation and Assessment of Resiliency of Transportation Networks in Ilam City

pakzad azadkhani

Transportation and urban transportation policies are one of the most important tools which can be utilized for the qualitative and quantitative development of cities. Various factors can affect urban transportation systems including natural, economic, social, and cultural factors. the main objective of the current study is to evaluate and assess the resiliency of urban transportation networks in Ilam City, which is carried out using a descriptive-analytical and comparative method. The required information for the current study was obtained using library and field studies. The statistical population of the study included experts in urban management and crisis management, among which 40 participants were selected using convenience-based method and questionnaire was distributed among them. The analysis of the data was carried out using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and integrated digital layers in Expert Choice and ArcGIS software applications. The results indicate that 49 percent of the transportation networks in Ilam City, which have a high level of resiliency based on the general criteria, are in high danger of flooding. Moreover, 72 percent of the traffic congestion points in Ilam City are located on streets with a high level of resiliency based on the general criteria. Among all the urban roads and streets in Ilam City, only 63 km has high levels of resiliency and these are mostly the main streets of Ilam City. The final results of the study show that improving the urban transportation system of Ilam City not only involves the structural issues of the roads, but it also involves a large number of administrative issues. Therefore, first we have to identify dangerous areas and then try to take the necessary measures through appropriate management decision making in order to improve these urban transportation networks.

Analysis of the rural community behavior in the Area of Electoral Geography (Case study: Varzaqan county)

Hossein Karimzadeh

The present research has been carried out to analyze the behavior of the rural community of Varzaqan in the territory of electoral geography and the approach used in it is "spatial-behavioral". Research based on the purpose is practical and in terms of collecting data, it's a mixed type (exploratory design - tool development model). According to the research goal, using the qualitative method, through the phenomenological method, the deep understanding, complexity, detail and texture of the studied phenomena have been studied. Then, using this initial identification (in order to arrive at a generalized result), it was attempted to develop the tool using the SEM. Using a targeted sampling method, the sample size of the first phase is 25, and for the second phase, 32 people are localized. Phenomenological results show that the Electoral Behaviors of rural community in Varzaqan county can be analyzed in three main categories: (a) "geographic features" with the themes of "sense of location, neighborhood impact, and localism"; (b) "individual and social" with the themes of "social stimulus and individual stimulus"; and (c) "political" Themes "Engagement Conditions, Affective Role, Political Orientation, and Religion." This behavior is in accordance with the categories of "geographical and political characteristics" with the "rational choice theory", and in terms of "individual and social" with "the pattern of political economy (wise reformed approach)". Modeling results also show that the variable "geographical features" and "individual and social factors" are at the "significant" threshold and the variable "political factors" is within the "average" threshold; The quality test of the structural model shows that "political agents" and "social factors" have "strong" values and "geographic features" have average values to determine the predictive power of the electoral model. The general model of the SME shows the goodness of fit in the model and shows its generalizability.

An Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Urban Services with Focus on Social Justice and Emphasis on Citizens' Satisfaction (Case Study: District 11 of Mashhad)

roghayeh kalateh meymari

The present research is descriptive-analytical and in terms of its purpose. Data needed for research were collected by means of documentation (library, magazines) and field materials using a questionnaire. Using the Cochran formula, the sample size of the population was estimated at 383 people and the data were obtained using spatial analysis ArcGIS and SPSS software have been analyzed. In order to analyze the distribution of urban services, the index of access to urban services has been used, which is derived from land use plans of Mashhad city and municipal information and obtained from network analysis (ANP) and spatial statistics tests. Also, to assess the satisfaction of citizens from the distribution of urban services through a questionnaire and using one-sample T-test in spss software. Also, Gray Gray Analysis (GRA) method has been used for ranking the neighborhoods of the District 11 of Mashhad in terms of social justice. The final indicator of the distribution of urban services indicates the favorable distribution of urban services in the Daneshjo, sharif, Tarbiat, farhang, and parts of Azadshahr and Faroghottahsilan. As well as the neighborhoods of Ziba shahr, Shahid Razavi and parts of Faroghottahsilan and Azad shahr, they are in a disadvantaged position in terms of the distribution of urban services. Also, based on spatial self-correlation test, the pattern of indicators in the study area has spatial self-correlation and cluster pattern. The analysis of the distribution pattern of urban services in the District 11 of Mashhad using J statistics shows that the distribution of urban services in the study area has a high concentration of cluster patterns. Based on the analysis of the gray-matter analysis of daneshjo, Azad Shahr, farhang and Sharif neighborhoods, they have high levels of social justice, and other neighborhoods are ranked respectively. In the following, the results of t test indicate that among the neighborhoods, Daneshjo, Sharif, farhang, Tarbiat and Azad Shahr neighborhoods had the highest satisfaction with urban services. The neighborhood of Zibashahr has had the least satisfaction with the distribution of urban services. The results of all the models used in the paper are highly consistent and consistent.

Evaluating the utilization of public art capabilities in cultural-led regeneration (Case study: Oudlajan neighborhood)

mahmood ARVIN

Considering that today many cities of the country face problems such as problems of distressed urban fabric, in order to solve these problems, various solutions have been presented by experts and theorists, among which one can refer to regeneration. Regeneration has different approaches that have been studied in this research of the re-establishment of the cultural-led. The main objective of this research is to assess the utilization of the capabilities and abilities of public art in two permanent and temporary dimensions and the extent of the impact of public art on socio-cultural, physical and economic aesthetics in order to regeneration the distressed urban fabric of the Oudlajan neighborhood in Tehran. The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of objective, applied. By studying the related studies of public art indices in two permanent dimensions (furniture, green space and moving plants, mural painting, restoration of the monument, cafes and restaurants, library, statue, element, entrance and bridge design) and temporary (street display, competitions, Exhibitions and festivals, artists' residences, workshops, sound, light and sound, video broadcasting). The statistical population of the questionnaire is the residents of the Oudlajan neighborhood. According to the population of the neighborhood, 16,943 people were selected using the Cochran formula, 384 as the sample size. To analyze the response of citizens, the analysis of structural equations in soft AMOS graphics has been used. The results show that permanent and temporary public art promotes economic development, the development of physical aesthetics and socio-cultural development in the Oudlajan neighborhood, among which permanent and most popular exhibitions are the highest in the cafes and restaurants, and the bridge has the least impact. In the interim animated film, the video playback index has the most impact and the least impact is the soundtrack.

Investigating and Analyzing the Formation and Evolution of Songhor City in Islamic Periods

Zarin Fakhar

The present article is an analysis of the formation and evolution of the city of Songhor in Islamic times. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and method. And to collect the required data and information, library-documentary studies and field visits (observation, testing and interviewing) were used. Among the archaeological evidence and historical documents examined in this study include: pottery, gravestones of medieval Islamic times, religious and non-religious architecture, and springs and sanctuaries. Its field data is recorded and classified by time period. Reading and reviewing historical and archeological information related to the city of Songhor reveals the cultural and historical identity of the city during the Islamic period. The results show that Songhor city is based on fundamental elements such as: the mosque, government building, monuments, traditional market, neighborhoods and city fence which during Islamic history are related to specific hierarchy in relation to social, economic needs. Religious, political and city fix

they did. The presence of these elements in the city has made historical references to the city of Songhor with the names such as "Velayat and Fence", "Mahal", "Alkai" and "Qasaba".

The Ranking of municipal responsibilities importance and satisfaction in the citizens perspectives (Case study: Tehran Municipality-region 6)

leyla ghasemi

Humans in the course of urban development in order to conduct the affairs of the citizens have attempted to establish a municipal entity and the duties and responsibilities to municipalities are considered. municipal performance analysis can be the best way to ensure proper duties as mayor. this study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction level of citizens the function and importance of the services that municipalities offer is made. the research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection method based on the Library, and field documents (questionnaires, respectively). Spss software was used for data analysis. statistical methods used in this paper Methods of Correlation Kendall's t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test.the results indicate that the satisfaction of the citizens of the municipality varies according to their age. satisfaction of citizens less than 40 years of municipal performance is much lower than average. and satisfaction of citizens over 40 years, is mediocre. Citizens' satisfaction with the quality of service and how information is below, but the degree of satisfaction of the authorities, employers and employees, is moderate. Among development duties-technical, service and social-cultural municipalities of the perspective of citizens in the region, there are significant differences in terms of importance. In a manner that is most important tasks of municipal services.

Explaining the interactions of city and border with the sustainable development approach Based on the logic of fuzzy multi-criteria decision making Case study: Zahedan ,Mijaveh, Dost Mohammad, Khash and Saravan border towns,Sistan and Baluchestan Province.

zyinab karkaabadi

In this study, the actions and interactions between the city and the border were studied and explained. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method in library and field method. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The statistical population consists of one percent of the population of border towns of Zahedan, Mirjaveh, Dost Mohammad, Khash and Saravan(N=8092). Using Cochran formula, 367 people were selected as the sample. Data were analyzed using Structured Analytical Model (SOWT-ANP). Findings and results showed.the most important effective factor on city-boundary relations is social factors with a mean of 3.55 and among weaknesses, Most affected were social weaknesses with a mean of 3.63 and among the opportunities examined, economic and managerial factors with a mean of 3.53 and Finally, they have the most impact on all types of threats, injuries and social threats with an average of 3.75. Also, the use of the method(F.ANP)in this study showed that the highest weight related to the threat factor was "management", which gained 7.9% of the final weight and took the first place. "Establishing economic, political and environmental security to deal with crises, attacks and ... (ST2)" is the most desirable strategy of deciding on the issue of zero value. And the strategy of "non-cooperation and interruption of cross-border relations with neighbors (WT1)" has been identified by experts as the worst strategy in this regard. Therefore, it can be said that among the factors (SWOT) "threats and challenges" in security and management dimensions is the most influential factor And the real gap between the "opportunities" is the key to improving the relationships between cities and territories. Also, from the standpoint of sustainable development management (institutional and structural) factors with the highest degree of importance and social, economic and environmental factors are ranked next.

Analysis of the personality traits of urban tourism brand on visiting intention through perceived consistency (studied in Tehran)

Yazdan Shirimohamadi

It is important to examine the effect of the tourist personality on the choice of tourist destination. In the meantime, using Hofstede's cultural model in analyzing the effect of tourist personality dimensions on the intention to visit through the perceived homogeneity variable greatly helps to understand this issue. In this research, the effects of femininity, masculinity, ambiguity, avoidance of individualism and collectivism on the intention to visit have been analyzed. This research is applied in terms of purpose and methodological in addition to descriptive and survey research. In this regard, 384 questionnaires were distributed among tourists from German, Japanese, French, Arab (Iraqi), Italian, Austrian, Chinese nationalities residing in five star hotels in Tehran. Structural equation index was used for data analysis. The results show that tourists prefer brands that match their perception of the destination brand. The findings of the study indicate that the personality dimensions of the tourist intent through the popularity of tourism destinations and the image of tourist destinations influence on the perceived homogeneity of the urban tourism brand and the masculinity of the tourism city brand; Perceived homogeneity of urban tourism brand is effective and femininity of tourism city brand does not affect perceived homogeneity of urban tourism brand. The results of this study indicate that Tehran has a masculine brand and people are selected to be masculine and to be collectivist and ambiguous. In fact, the results of the study showed that in selecting tourism markets for Tehran, one should look for tourism markets that are characteristic of the Hofstede model in terms of masculinity, ambiguity and collectivism, as well as the development of tourism spaces for women.

Detection of the effect of climate change on the drainage of Aquifer of Birjand plain

Behzad Amraei

Climate change is one of the most important challenges facing water resources management, including surface water and groundwater. The main purpose of this research is to detect the effect of droughts caused by the change in groundwater resources in Birjand plain. In this regard, using two nonparametric trend tests, the SENS and MAN-Kendal gradient estimates to detect the process of underground water level in Birjand city during the statistical period of 1370-1395 according to the statistics of the field of 47 areas of observation area (census water resources) Wentified. Using Pearson correlation matrix, correlation between climatic elements (Birjand station) temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration and potential transpiration were calculated with the level of local city of Birjand, and based on a multivariate regression model for modeling the annual time series at the level of confidence level of 95 / 0 was developed. Climatic factors of 2080-2065 using the Output of the HADGEM2-ES model through the LARS-WG exponential model for the position of the Birjand station under two scenarios RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 were simulated and based on the regression model, the surface of the water Birjand city was simulated. The results indicated that firstly, in the base period (1370-1395), the surface of water in the area with an annual gradient of 47 centimeters per year was reduced. The correlation analysis indicated that three elements of rainfall, temperature and evapotranspiration were modeled in a linear composition of 75% of the annual changes in groundwater. The results of the microsterge model implemented on HADGEM2-ES data indicate that during the period 2035-2065 under both the scenario, groundwater level between 10 and 13 meters lower than the base period, which resulted from an increase in evapotranspiration And consequently, rainfall will be effective.

A comparative study of the effect of physical-social factors on the quality of life of residents of different types of housing in quarantine conditions (Case study: different types of housing in Tehran).

sara jalalian

Housing, as the primary needs of mankind and providing his satisfaction, plays an essential role in improving the quality of life. In these conditions, the "home quarantine or social distance plan" is the only way to interrupt the transmission chain, this research seeks to examine the physical-social factors in the quality of today's homes (including a variety of species of housing) for long-term presence of humans in The conditions are quarantine. In this paper, we have tried to extract indices and components of the quality of different types of housing and the effect of each of the factors in the tolerance of quarantine conditions in different types of housing of Tehran. The method is based on applied purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and comparative technique. The documentary and field method and a questionnaire were used to collect information. To analyze the data, single sample t-test and mean test and to study the normalization of data were used by colomogorov-smarinov test. The statistical population of the study includes residents of different types of housing in Tehran are 381 samples. Measurement of research indicators with Likert spectrum and with a assumed average of 3 and 3 indicators and 9 components and 49 measures. These indicators include physical, social, cultural indicators. According to the results, residential complexes have the highest level of satisfaction (mean 4.41) of physical-social factors in the quality of life of residents of different types of housing species in quarantine conditions. The level of social, physical and functional indicators in general for residential complexes show a better condition. By summing up these indices and the overall examination of physical-social factors in the quality of life of residents of different types of housing in terms of quarantine conditions; It was found that apartment housing has the lowest satisfaction (3.77) of social physical factors of their quality of life in quarantine conditions. At the end of research, suggestions for improving the quality of life of residents of different types of housing in quarantine conditions were presented with respect to physical-social dimensions.

Assessing the resilience of Shirvan city in the face of earthquakes

mohammad motamedi

Abstract
Explaining the relationship between resilience to natural disasters is in fact how social, economic, institutional and physical capacities affect the increase of resilience in societies. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the resilience of Shirvan city in the face of earthquakes in which the research method is descriptive-analytical and the statistical population includes experts in the field of urban resilience for this group of 30 people. First, the indicators evaluated to assess the resilience of Shirvan city in the face of earthquake hazards using the ANP model, which were questioned by experts and elites, were 25 indicators in 4 physical, institutional, cultural, social and economic criteria. Paired comparisons were performed. Findings showed that the rate of resilience in Shirvan is low in 65.4% of the city and high in only 19.2% of the city. In other words, in 17 neighborhoods out of 26 neighborhoods of Shirvan city, the rate of resilience in the face of earthquake hazards is low and only in 5 neighborhoods of the city the rate of resilience is high. Therefore, the final results of resilience in Shirvan are 19.2% of the upper city, 15.4% of the average city and 65.4% of the lower city. In general, the results indicate that the resilience of Shirvan is in an unfavorable and unfavorable situation and the rate of resilience in this city is low in the face of earthquake hazards.

Measuring the Dimensions of Environmental Perceptions of Citizens among High- Rise Building, Case Study: Tehran's 22th district

zohre davoudpour

High-rise buildings, by being recognizable in their context and signaling the introduction of urban integrity, have an impact on the perception and formation of citizens' mental image of the city. The present study examines the environmental perception of citizens in the interpretive, emotional, cognitive, and evaluative dimensions of high-rise buildings in Tehran’s 22th district as a case of study and emphasizes the formal, functional and semantic aspects of these buildings on citizen perception. The search system is intended for interpretive-structuralism research and the content analysis method (documentary method) is used in the theoretical section and the cross-sectional survey method. The population of the study consisted of 100 residents and non-residents of the area who are randomly selected. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software and Pearson correlation tests and one-sample T-test to evaluate the relationship between physical and semantic components in high-rise buildings perception and determine the importance of each environmental perception dimension.The results indicate that “the role of beauty of the form and shape of high-rise buildings” and “the amount of elevation congruence with the environment” in the first and second priorities affecting the level of citizens' environmental perception among physical and “The role of legibility and routing” as an effective factor among the semantic components in the perception of high-rise buildings has been based more on emotional and cognitive perception and less on the interpretative and perceptual dimensions of perceived citizenship.

Planning analysis, planning approaches and design of the new city of Tis In line with the regional development of Makran Coast

Maryam Karimian Bostani

The establishment of new cities and settlements and the development of economic and industrial activities on the shores of Makran, is inevitable, and since the creation and development of new cities has been one of the policies in land management in recent decades, planning and designing a new city in Regional development orientation of this region is essential. Therefore, in this regard, the purpose of the present study is the analysis of planning approaches and design of the new city of Tis in order to develop the region of Makran beaches. The present study is applied in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Theoretical studies were collected using documentary method, and research data and information were collected using interviews and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study includes specialists, administrators, university professors and experts. Using purposive sampling method, 183 experts were determined as the sample size. To analyze the variables and approaches of the research, first using the method of interviews and interactive discussions with experts and specialists as a statistical sample of the research, each of the planning approaches of new cities was examined. Also, descriptive tests, Spearman correlation test and hierarchical analysis model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the exit of the region from deprivation and vulnerability, creating a scientific and educational hub in the region, and designing a new and smart city to create a sustainable city have been the most important approaches explaining the planning and design of the new city. Also, there is a significant and positive relationship between planning approaches and design of the new city of Tis and the development of Makran beaches, and among these, the investment variable in Makran beaches has the highest relationship with regional development in the study area

Factors Affecting Online Communication Due to Social Networks on Loyalty of Tourism Services Customers (Case Study: District 22 of Tehran)

Hossein Safarzadeh

Today, the Internet and virtual networks have become a major part of many people's daily lives, and social networking sites attract millions of people from all over the world, so word of mouth has shifted to the digital world. The present study was written to identify the impact of factors affecting online referral communication in social networks on the loyalty of tourism service customers. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of virtual network users who had experience traveling to the area. The sample size was estimated 384 people using Cochran's formula. In this study, SPSS and Amos software were used to analyze the data. Findings of this study showed that message attractiveness, resolution, quantity and clarity of the message have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty of tourism services. Also, the results of this study showed that among the studied factors, the message quantity factor with an impact factor of 0.67 has the most impact.

A description on decadal changes in warm season average of precipitation over the Caspian coast of Iran territory

nasrin varnaseri ghandali

Change in precipitation features is one of climate change outcome. Change in precipitation amount, especially in warm season, may influences climato-environmental phenomenon as well as human activity. In current research the decadal changes of monthly precipitation over the Caspian coast of Iran territory was evaluated. Accordingly, a large number of rain gauge stations (385 stations), where rainfall is measured painstakingly, have been used. these stations are under the supervision of Meteorological Organization of the country and Ministry of Energy. Since the original dataset pertaining to the precipitation prior to 1966 had noticeable missing values, and the data after 2016 were not accessible, a continuous time period from January 1966 to December 2016 was selected. From the daily precipitation of aforementioned stations contour maps were created using an ordinary Kriging method. The spatial resolution of these precipitation maps was 3 km * 3 km. Our finding showed that during the under investigation period the maximum gradient of precipitation moved from coastal parts toward mountainous area. Decrease in the area with high precipitation and increase in the low precipitation area is an other prominent decadal characteristics. According to the previous study, these changes might attributed to changes in systems which effect precipitation in the Caspian coast of Iran (northward movement in polar vortex, sub-tropical high pressure and cyclone truck). In addition, increasing temperature trends in the summer tend to decrease temperature spatial differences. Therefore, the convectional precipitation during summer has been decreased.

Study of living standards in Sahebgharaniyeh neighborhood of Tehran

Naser eghbali

This study examines the principles and criteria that lead to the adoption of a city - a case study: Sahebgharraniyeh Tehran district - is underway. The NLAS method has been used as the main research method and indicator in this research. In this research, we tried to evaluate the methodology of the NLAS method in Sahebgharriyeh neighborhood using the method of analysis of the hierarchical method of analysis of the NLAS method and to analyze the status of living in Sahebgharrani neighborhood based on the received responses and their analysis. Detailed analyzes based on factor analysis and hierarchical analysis method show that Sahebqaranieh's habitat status is based on three indicators of facilities and services, local economy dynamics and visual landscape situation and environmental pollution and its related components. After summing up Related items and calculation of general indices indicate that the local economy's dynamics indices with a mean of 0.96 and T-value of 968 / resulted in decreasing the viability of Sahebqaraniye neighborhood. But with 95 percent confidence, Sahebgharriyeh neighborhood can be considered as individual and social security indexes, identity and sense of place belonging, facilities and services needed, and the status of the visual landscape and the environmental pollution of the habitat.

The Systematic Theory on Geomorphology with Emphasis on Glacial Areas (Case Study, Oshtorankuh region)

Ebrahim Moghimi

System is a set of interconnected components that are systematically interconnected, influenced by one another, interacting with one another, acting as a whole, and being purposeful. A systematic approach is a perspective that allows us to identify the forces and variables that have a significant impact on the environment outside and within a complex and to understand their function and position in the complex. In general, the interplay of form and process in landforms is based on systematic reviews and analysis by researchers and the residual effects of these changes. In this study, the study of glacial geomorphic systems with regard to systematic approach and the interaction between form and process in glaciers of Oshtorankuh is investigated. Geomorphometric analysis of the glacier cirques of the Oshtorankuh region shows that these landforms, unlike the usual glacier cirques, have been expanded more horizontally and superficially than were investigated in depth direction to justify the genesis and lithology of the area. It is often calcareous and carbonate and the carbonate nature of the environment activates the dissolution process in the environment. Therefore, in this glacier system, the dissolution factor is more effective than other active elements.

Identification of Prone Areas of Soil Erosion Using Modified Morphometric Prioritization and Sediment Production Rate (Case Study of Kamyaran Basin)

mansor parvin

Semi-arid watersheds are sensitive to soil erosion process and suffer considerable losses each year. Morphometric studies are an important method for identifying susceptible erosion zones and are a prerequisite for assessing erosion patterns in watersheds.The semi-arid Kamyaran basin is at risk of soil erosion due to lithological diversity, varied geomorphology, rugged topography and the nature-based livelihoods of its inhabitants and determination of soil erosion potential of this basin is essential for scientific management and sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to prioritize soil erosion potential in the Kamyaran basin. Methodologically, this research is based on WSA and averaging methods based on the calculation and ranking of morphometric parameters. The results showed that according to WSA methods and averaging 53.63% and 75.91% of Kamyaran catchment area, respectively, are located in areas with high soil erosion potential and require protection plans. The WSA method has better performance for prioritizing soil erosion studies due to different morphometric parameters and how to calculate it accurately. Sub-basins located in the northern areas of the Kamyaran Basin have high potential for soil erosion and sub-basins in the southern areas have low soil erosion potential. In general, the amount of soil erosion potential in Kamyaran basins is affected by the lithological and geomorphological conditions of the basins and the parameters related to infiltration have the most influence on the extent of soil erosion potential in the basins.