Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences

Investigation of Changes of Temperature and Rainfall Indicators in Kurdistan Province Based on Radiation Injection Scenarios (RCP)

Sharifeh Zarei

Abstract
In recent years, attention has been paid to climate change, which could be the result of economic, social, and financial losses associated with extreme weather events. The purpose of this study is to investigate the variation of extreme temperature and precipitation in Kurdistan province. For this purpose, daily rainfall data, minimum temperature and maximum temperature of 6 stations were used during the statistical period (1990-1990). And their changes during the period (2041-2060) using the universal HadGEM2 model under two scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 and the LARS-WG6 statistical downscaling were investigated. In order to study the trend of climatic extreme indexes, rainfall and temperature indices were analyzed using RClimdex software. The results showed that during the period (2016-1990), hot extreme indicators have a positive and incremental trend. This trend is significant for the "number of summer days" and "maximum monthly of maximum daily temperature" indicators. This is while the cold extreme indexes had a decreasing and negative trend. This trend was significant only for the "cold days" index. Extreme precipitation in Kurdistan province has a negative trend in most stations. ،this trend is significant at most stations, that indicates a reduction in the severity, duration and frequency of precipitation during the study period. The results of the climate change outlook also indicate that the temperature will increase over the next period and rainfall will decrease.

Determining the variations of monthly wet and dry regimes using Angot index in Ardabil Province

Raoof Mostafazadeh

Drought is the main causes of significant water imbalance, increase of crop losses or limitation in water consumption, and finally large number of socioeconomic and environmental problems. Precipitation amount is the most important climatic variables that its spatiotemporal variability has a great influence on water resources availability along with the effects of climate change. The Angot index is an indicator to determine the climatic cycles of precipitation as the ratio between the average values of multiannual precipitation over wet and dry periods which highlights the climate significance of monthly precipitation to detect dry or rainy intervals. The aim of this study is to assess and calculation of the Angot inxed in analysis of dry and wet periods of monthly rainfall in rain gauge stations of Ardabil province. The maximum values of Angot index were observed in November and May months. The results proved the suitability of the Angor index in determining wet and dry months and the comparison of the employed index with other common drought indices (e.g. Standardized Precipitation Index) and also different climatic zones of Iran needs further investigations.

Regional estimation of sediment yield using monthly sediment rating curve in Qarasu watershed

fariba Esfandiary Darabad

This study was aimed at identification and determination the spatial variations of sediment yield in Qarasu watershed located in Ardebil province, NW Iran, considering the negative consequences of erosion and sediment yield. In this regard, the monthly time scale, as the basis of work, was used to prepare the sediment rating curves. Preparation of monthly sediment rating curves based on sample flow and corresponding sediment discharge data in 19 hydrometry stations at the watershed during 14 years (2002-2015). All of statistical analyses were done by SPSS statistical software. Also, presentation of spatial variations in sediment yield over the watershed were made possible through the capability of GIS. The results of regression relations between flow and sediment discharge showed a close and significant relationship on a monthly time scale. The regional generalization of these relations for the whole basin showed that the seasonal difference was evident and the highest and lowest coefficient of determination was allocated to May (R² = 0.74) and August (R² = 0.55), respectively. Also, the highest and lowest sediment transport was observed in spring and summer, respectively, indicating the type of rainfall-runoff regime dominated on Qarasu watershed. In terms of the annual sediment yield, Yamchi station with 3970 tons per year and Nanakaran station with 66 tons per year, have the highest and lowest sediment yield among 19 stations of Qarasu watershed, respectively. According to the high levels of sediment yield in the Balikhly and Khyav sub-watersheds, it was recommended that more attention be paid to protecting and strengthening the water and soil elements and reducing the driven forces of erosion and sediment production in these sub-watersheds.

Evaluation of Economic and Social Parameters of Smart City Growth Impact (Case Study: Isfahan City)

sajedeh karimi

Many efforts have been made to address the negative effects of sprawling urban expansion, which can be referred to as "smart growth" as a strategy for urban sustainability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of smart city growth on economic and social parameters in Isfahan. The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of the type of research and is applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of the population of Isfahan city in the Census of 2016 (5120850). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire (Smart City Questionnaire, Economic Questionnaire and Social Questionnaire) with 32 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was formal, which was confirmed by experts and professors, and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha was 0.84. Data analysis, based on structural equation analysis, was performed in AMOS software. The results indicate that urban smart growth in Isfahan is influenced by social and economic variables, among which the role of economic variables in urban smart growth have more influence than social variables, which impact factor of economic variable role. It was 0.71, while the social variable had an impact factor of 0.38.

Integrated management of Sorkhroud coastal area in line with tourism development

sadredin motevali

In the city of Sarkrood, the expansion of tourism trends with inappropriate planning and weakness of infrastructure and tourism management has had many negative effects on environmental, economic and social terms. The purpose of the present study is to integrate the Sarkhoud coastal area with a tourism development approach. The research is a descriptive-analytical, and the method of collecting research data on the theoretical foundations of research, recognition and analysis of Data and Libraries is in relation to field studies in relation to the study sample. The questionnaire tool has been used to collect field information, which has been distributed among the random sample of 20 people. Exoert choice software has been used to analyze the questionnaire data. The AHP hierarchical analysis method has been used for weightlifting and ranking criteria. The questionnaires were also distributed among experts and citizens to investigate the relationship between tourism and economic and environmental components, and the findings were analyzed using the Tau Kendall B and Pearson correlation test. The results show that from the point of view of half of government officials and experts, the expansion of the tourism industry on the one hand reduces the region's economic prosperity and on the other hand reduces regional security and environmental pollution. So in the current situation there is no motivation to expand the tourism industry for government managers; Thus, in order to prevent gaps and parallel activities, the provision of services to sustainable tourism development requires the integration of tourism management and continuous planning in organized, participatory and popular.

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Assessing the role of local councils in the development of sustainable urban security (Case Study; Urmia City)

Parvin Daneshvar

Increasing urbanization today and the lack of integrated urban management have led to inadequate planning in cities. In this regard, the local councils, as the most prominent local institutions and the most important decentralization manifestations, symbolize the serious presence of the people to determine their own fate, if they are institutionalized in the governance structure as coordinators of the executive agencies. In these cities, they can play a valuable role in the social security of cities. The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytical approach and field method. In this study 354 people were selected using Cochran model. Next, based on the results of the questionnaire, the results were analyzed using SPSS software. Conclusions: Based on the Friedman test, among the research items, the second item is "Social Security Development", and the first item is "Economic Security Development". Among the items, the second item (Social Security) with 2.90 points out that the role of local councils in social security development is higher than other dimensions and the first item with 1.98 points of economic security development comes in last. has taken. Also, the one-sample t-test showed that the significance level of the test is less than (0.05) and at 95% confidence level there is a positive significant difference between the dimensions of council functions and the dimensions of sustainable urban security development.

Investigating the Factors Affecting the Internal Development of Arid Cities (Case Study: Ardakan City)

Mohamadhosein saraei

The rapid growth and horizontal expansion of cities in Iran may be more intense than in many developed and developing countries, as this process deprives most of Iran's historic cities of a monolithic urban structure and presents them with specific problems for balanced and balanced development. In addition, many old, dilapidated old land, land uses and textures within cities are in the midst of this accelerated, accelerated development, left out of urban development and proper urban development, and are now considered problematic urban contexts. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the inner development of the cities of arid regions. The present study is an applied one and a descriptive-analytic one. In this study, library and field method were used for data collection. In this study, Delphi technique as well as structural equation modeling in PLS software environment was used to achieve the research objectives. The statistical population of the study consisted of urban planning experts with a sample size of 30 individuals. The findings of this study showed that managerial, environmental, physical, spatial, economic, social and cultural factors play an important role in the development of Ardakan.

Determining Urban Development Orientation Based on Air Pollution Diffusion Modeling from Thermal Power Plants, Case Study: Mashhad

kamran lari

There are several limiting factors to the development of cities. These factors lead cities to develop in certain directions. Air pollution as a major problem of metropolises can itself be considered as a limiting factor of urban development by urban decision makers. 4 relatively large power plants are operating in Mashhad. There are currently two power plants in the east of the city and two in the west of Mashhad. Most of the fuel in these power plants is gasoline and natural gas. Modeling the air pollutant emissions of these power plants and identifying the pattern of pollutant emissions across the city can play a key role in the quality of life and health of approximately 3.5 million Mashhad residents. The outputs of this model can also be used as an effective parameter in estimating the urban development model. In this study, the emission of NOX, CO and 10PM pollutants was modeled and evaluated using AERMOD software in Mashhad. Using Arc GIS software, the population affected by these air pollutants was determined by one year solar time, the concentration of pollutants in different areas of the city and the area affected by the pollution concentration range was determined.

Explaining the Relationship between

Hossein Zabihi

Citizenship is a set of rights and duties a citizen enjoys because of his or her country of residence. Municipal law is a set of laws, rules and regulations that govern the interconnection of citizens and city departments in local and urban affairs, and explain the duties of overseers of councils, municipalities, and other city institutions; And planners 'and architects' awareness of the rights of citizens is one of the influential components in the process of urban architecture planning which is discussed in this article. Contemporary theories of urban law have led to a new military framework based on the concept of "right to the city" about urban life; if general framework can be understood in the context of the general concept of "right to the city", the following formulation from the Eiken set of laws on the concept of citizenship. It provided the architectural and urban planning rights: 1. the right to allocate; 2. the right to participate; 3. the right to centralization; Right of residence The right to habitation; 6. The right to individualization in socialization. Finally, the relationship between these components and their characteristics with the degree of their relevance and relationship with architectural and urban rights is presented.

ZONING OF CLIMATE-AGRICULTURAL DRYLAND WHEAT USING GIS CASE STUDY: HAMEDAN PROVINCE

shahriar khaledi

Climate and the required parameters for agricultural products are the important factors of production. We can determine potential facilities in different areas and consider the maximum tapping through agricultural meteorology. Due to drylands potentials in Hamedan province, we conducted a comprehensive survey based on 20 years (1995-1995) climatic elements of 9 main and supplementary synoptic stations. Thus, according to wheat phenological conditions and matching those with climatic conditions requirements in Hamedan province, we surveyed effective indices in grow crops. Finally, using geographic information systems (GIS) we implemented climatic elements zoning and weighting. Then the appropriate and inappropriate areas of the province for dryland wheat were determined. Results indicated among the climatic elements, annual rainfall and its distribution during the growing season, also the grow degree day (GDD) are important factors in process of dryland wheat. Based on maps extracted from the GIS, about 18 percent of the areas of province which are located in west, south west including Nahavand, Tuiserkan and Asadabad cities, enjoy very potentials and 46percent medium, 34percent good and 2 percent of Ghahavand city of Hamedan city functions lacks the necessary talent. with no potentials.

Preparation of Rangeland vegetation cover map and monitoring its changes in drought and wet periods using NDVI MODIS product (Case Study: Southern Rangelands of Yazd Province)

Hamid Reza Ghafarian Malamiri

Knowledge of rangeland vegetation characteristics as well as factors affecting it in environmental planning, land management and sustainable development is very important. However, regional and up-to-date maps of pasture vegetation cover are not always available. In this study, in order to plot the vegetation cover percentage of the rangelands and monitor its changes in drought and wet periods, NDVI products of MODIS sensor during the years from 2000 to 2017 with a spatial resolution of 250 m and a 16-day time resolution, and The SPI drought index were used. The study area is the part of the rangelands located in the Southern province of Yazd. In 2013, in order to provide ground truth data, a field work was done to take the sampling rate of vegetation from the rangeland level in the study area. According to the results, the NDVI index has a good ability to map vegetation cover, so the coefficient of determination (R²) between this index and the sample points was 0.71. Based on the results, the average vegetation cover of the studied area was 11.3% during the years 2000 to 2017. The highest and lowest amount of vegetation cover in the study area was in 2000 and 2002, with moderate mild conditions and very severe drought, respectively (14.6% and 9.2% respectively). The most important factors influencing the vegetation cover in the study area are rainfall and drought periods, so that the coefficient of determination (R²) between the SPI drought index and the average vegetation percentage was 0.85. In general, based on the results there is a high potential for assessing and monitoring rangeland vegetation changes using satellite data and remote sensing technique.

Climate and Energy in Urban Areas to Reduce Energy Consumption, Case Study of Saadat Abad Building

Saeed Tizghalam zenozi

Before the modern era, cities were built on a scale that did not change the environmental balance significantly. With the expansion of population and the expansion of cities and the conversion of settlements into big cities and metropolises, new conditions have emerged which show that cities today make their own climates. The new climates created in these areas are completely different from their predecessors. In this study, we try to use urban and architectural solutions in the Saadat Abad area of Tehran to reduce energy consumption. Urban and architectural variables including street and sidewalk width, green space and trees, materials, dimensions and directions for openings and energy entry paths, roof, wall width, porch, passive heating control (canopies, curtains and systems) Pore controls). So first, we examined the climate and climate of Tehran and Saadat Abad. Then, model the current status of Saadat Abad using simulated software to evaluate ambient and building temperature. The results of the study showed that improvement of outdoor thermal conditions and bio-closure of residential buildings. Reduction of direct and indirect thermal energy loss through exterior shell of buildings. Upgrading of the exterior shell climatic design knowledge of the building on the southern flank of central Alborz mountain range of Tehran.

Identifying the Factors Affecting the Empowerment of Rural Tourism Destinations (Case: Lorestan Province)

Mehdi Mododi Arkhudi

In recent decades, rural tourism as a complementary activity of agriculture and animal husbandry has always been a factor in improving the economic conditions of rural residents. Based on this research was conducted to identify factors affecting the empowerment of rural tourism destinations. Data collection was done by using two methods of archiving and scrolling through interviews and questionnaires. The statistical population of the research includes archival sources related to the subject matter of the research as well as 13 persons of experts and experienced individuals. Content analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyze the qualitative data; also, quantitative data were analyzed using the Logarithmic Fuzzy Preference Programming (LFPP) method. The results showed that the dimensions of empowerment of rural tourism destinations include three dimensions of environmental, human resources, and local community, so that dimension of human resources with a weight of 0.0994 is more weight than other dimensions. Also, the dimension of the local community and environmental dimension were also ranked second and third respectively with a weight of 0.0989 and 0.0973. Meanwhile, the component of "effectiveness" in the dimension of "human resources" with a weight of 0.261, the "economic" component in the "local community" with a weight of 0.259, and the "aesthetic" component in the field of "environmental" with a weight of 0.254, accounted for the most.

Simulation of rainfall temporal distribution pattern using WRF Model (case study of Parsian dam basin)

Elaheh Ghasemi Karakani

During the rainfall, the intensity of precipitation varies. Changes in the amount of precipitation during an event of rainfall are effective in the resulting of flood and its intensity. Knowledge of how rainfall changes over time during rainfall is determined by temporal distribution pattern of rainfall. For this purpose, availability of short-term time scales rainfalls data are important that obtained by rain gauge stations. However, the low density of the rain gauge network and the lack of sufficient data from the time pattern of rainfall have always been a problem in determining storm patterns for executive plans. Therefore, the simulation of WRF numerical weather models can be used. The WRF model is one of the most responsive models for predicting precipitation, temperature and atmospheric elements that used in this study. In this paper, three great storm events on 15 December 2003, 24 - 26 December 2006 and 6-7 March 2007 have been selected in the Parsian dam basin and surrounding areas in south west of Iran. The result of WRF numerical weather prediction model for these great storms compared with data loggers. It showed that the WRF model was able to performance the heavy rainfall and simulates the rainfall pattern in these dates.

The role of microcredit funds in promoting the social capital of villagers Case study: Hosseinan Village in Damghan County

Asghar Tahmasebi

In recent years, enhancing social capital and participation of rural communities are taken in consireation in many rural development programs in Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of microcredit fund created in the Carbon Sequestration Project on the promotion of social capital of the community member in the Hosseinan village in Damghan. To this end, the level of participation and social interaction of the members of four rural development groups before and after the project implementation was analyzed using social network analysis method. The required data were collected through participatory workshop from whole network members of 38 people in 4 randomly selected groups. Bootstrap test was used to compare the density and centrality of the network before and after the project implementation. The results show statistically significant (P<05) increase in density and centralization of the collaboration network after the project implementation. The project also succeeded in attracting the participation of people with different levels of education, and there was no significant difference in the degree centrality people with different educational groups. Similarly, the project has had a significant impact on the creation of coherence between the development groups of the village of Hosseinan.

Explaining the Factors Affecting the Distribution of Land Use Change Interests Using the Communicative Planning Framework

Abdehkolahchi Ghalehnoee

Urban land use change is one of the key issues in urban planning that has been addressed by researchers in many different aspects, especially from the perspective of space. But the point that has been overlooked in various studies is that the analysis of different aspects of land use change is not limited to classical and spatial factors, and because of the various interest of land use change, many stakeholders aim to derive interest from this process in urban land developments. Accordingly, this paper aims to apply the communicative planning framework in identifying and explaining the factors affecting the distribution of land use change interests, because communicative planning as one of the major urban planning theories has focused on proper distribution of interests among stakeholders. In this study, after formulating the study results from theoretical studies, using a quantitative approach and exploratory factor analysis technique, the factors affecting the distribution of land use change interests have been identified and explained based on Approvals of the Commission Article 5 of the Ahvaz City (as one of the official references to land use change in the urban planning system). The results show that 9 factors with cumulative variance of 70/851% provide a proper explanation of user change interests distribution, among which "mediation legitimacy of planners and decision makers" has the most effect. Of course, the quality of these factors with 42.31% of the land quality shows the distribution of land use interests among the stakeholders was not very appropriate, which can lead to interest conflicts, especially between groups with economical-political interests and the public interest, and thus cause social instability in Ahvaz city.

Theoretical Genealogy of Inner-city Highways and Analyzing Its Impacts on Surroundings

Ahmad zanganeh

Urban highways, as one of the most important sectors of transportation, have always been one of the most challenging, both in terms of budget consumption and its spatial, social, economic and environmental impacts on the city. It has been urban elements. To this end, this study analyzes the impacts of inter-city highways, examines the theories of how to deal with this spatial element, as well as the factors involved. The type of research is applied-theoretical and the method is documentary-analytical. The sources of information used in this research are all documents, documents, books, articles, plans, and scientific research on urban highways. The results indicate that there are favorable and disagreeable views and views on the creation of inter-city highways. Modernist thinkers and urban engineers, advocates of urban highways, and later urban planners and geographers, are opposed to one-dimensional attention to these highways and inner-city development relying on highways. The results also showed that the inter-city highways had social, economic, physical and environmental impacts and, depending on the location conditions and the socio-economic characteristics of the location, these impacts were positive and negative in space. It looks around.

Site Selection of Kangan Municipal Solid Waste Landfill by Using a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and GIS

ّFazel Amiri

Given the potential negative environmental impacts linked with wild landfills in the central part of the Kangan Region, there is a significant need to accelerate the development of controlled inter-municipal landfills. The study area with daily production of 92 tons of waste, due to lack of recycling equipment and incorrect locating landfill is faced with numerous environmental, health and social problems in open sites and unsafe. This study is aimed at identifying suitable sites for solid waste disposal by considering all essential factors and rating criteria by integrating Fuzzy-AHP and GIS with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in Kangan county. Standards for siting a landfill formulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were employed in this study. The criteria that are considered herein are land use, slope, elevation, distance to drainage, groundwater and dams, distance to faults, soil, geology, distance to the residence and road, industrial and infrastructure accessibility. These criteria were assigned fuzzy membership classes based on their importance in siting a landfill. The fuzzy members of all criteria were overlaid to generate the final landfill site suitability map which was classified into five: not suitable (53.3%), less suitable (39.1%), moderately suitable (5.4%), suitable (1.4%) and highly suitable (0.6%). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was employed in the selection of the landfill site with reverence to multiple criteria and the fuzzy membership classes in accordance with the standards of the EPA. The results of this research in the management of the urban environment and also in the plans of the optimal disposal of urban solid of this area will be useful.

Developing the geographical space cognation through architectural experiences (Case study: A study of spatial cognation of primary school students in Tehran)

Mostafa Mokhtabad Emraei

Since geographical space is a subjective space, due to the difference in the spatial cognation of different people, its perception can be changed from person to person. This cognation depends on the person's experiences of the environment and can be taught. On the other hand, the best age for this training is childhood. But this issue has received less attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of architectural experiences from the environment on the spatial cognation of students in Tehran. This research was conducted by quasi-experimental method. This was done by measuring the students' perspective perception and wayfinding ability before and after the architectural experiences of the environment. In this regard, pre-test and post-test were used together with the control group. The model used in this study was one-way analysis of covariance (ANOVA). The tests included measuring spatial cognation by perspective perspective drawing by sketching the landscape mental image and wayfinding tasks. For validity measurement, face validity was used and for reliability measurement, Cronbach's alpha was used, which is higher than 0.70 for spatial cognation and its dimensions. Significance in the effectiveness of architectural experiences of the environment in understanding the perspective and the wayfinding ability that are part of spatial knowledge, showed the development of students' cognation of geographical space.

Model the allocation of productive financial resources from the perspective of livelihood poverty indicators using a combination of clustering methods and SAW technique

hoshang taghizadeh

Poverty is a social, economic, cultural and political reality that has long been one of the greatest human problems. The diversity of problems, needs and problems of the deprived and low-income groups of the society and the multiplicity of poverty indicators on the one hand, and on the other hand the lack of financial resources and credits to solve the poverty indicators, organizations in charge of poor affairs, including Imam Khomeini Relief Committee Has faced serious challenges in the optimal allocation of resources. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to classify the clients of Tabriz Relief Committee from the perspective of livelihood poverty indicators, ranking these clusters in terms of cost and finally allocating productive and optimal resources for each cluster. In this way, with the least resources, a wide range of the needy benefit from these resources. To do this, with cluster analysis of data extracted from the system, 700 clients of Tabriz Relief Committee have been clustered from the perspective of livelihood poverty indicators and K-mean method. The results of this study were a cluster structure consisting of 10 clusters, which according to the characteristics of the clusters, titles for the clusters were considered. Finally, in order to rank the clusters, a multi-characteristic SAW decision-making method has been used. The research findings show the difference between the effectiveness of allocation in clustering method compared to other traditional methods.

Identification of climatic comfort areas Khuzestan province using multivariate analysis and spatial autocorrelation pattern with emphasis on architecture

Reza Borna

Abstract

In the history of humanity, human always has suffered all difficulties with effort to reach to comfort and well-being until the human provides a way to achieve the comfort. In the viewpoint of climate four elements have significant role in formation of human comfort and discomfort conditions that according to the climatic conditions in different areas, the type and effect of these elements on individuals are also different. The aim of this research is to determine the areas of climatic comfort. For this purpose, temperature, precipitation and humidity data were derived from database of Esfazari for Khuzestan province during statistical period 1965 to 2014. In this process, at first discomfort climate has been defined using temperature, precipitation and humidity based on distribution probability conditional. This research is to determine the areas of climatic comfort in Khuzestan province using multivariate analysis (Cluster analysis and Discriminant analysis) and spatial autocorrelation pattern (Hot Spot index and Moran index) with emphasis on architecture. The results showed that the areas with climatic comfort are included in north and east parts of Khuzestan province. However, the areas of climatic comfort by spatial method have been limited somewhat. Results further indicated that the areas of climatic comfort have decreased significantly towards recent periods especially in cluster analysis and discriminant analysis that a trend of reduction has been remarkable in cluster analysis (from 23.60% in the first period to 17.60% in the fifth period) and discriminant analysis (from 26.97% in the first period to 14.98% in the fifth period).

Application of SIMETAW simulation model for prediction of climate parameters in different regions of Iran

Hooshmand Ataei

So far, several models have been proposed for estimating different climate parameters, but due to the lack of valid and long-term data in some meteorological stations, some models have been difficult to use. The SIMETAV V.1.0 model has been developed in cooperation with the University of California Davis and the Water Resources Authority of California in 2005. The SIMETAW model is a new and innovative tool for the estimation of applied water evapotranspiration (ETAW). SIMETAW simulation model is presented to estimate potential evapotranspiration and also estimate the net amount of water required for irrigation (ETaw). In addition, using this model, you can simulate daily meteorological data from meteorological data. The simulation of daily weather information where there are only monthly averages is a great tool for filling out lost data. In this research, Simetaw simulation model predicts different climate parameters such as solar radiation, minimum and maximum temperature, wind speed, dew point, precipitation and evapotranspiration potential in four different semi-arid climate zones (Mashhad). Dry (Bandar Abbas), moderate and humid (Ramsar) and Mediterranean (Sanandaj) during the years (1967-2017). The results of these studies showed that SIMETAW model has high ability to simulate climate variables and has the highest model accuracy in precipitation simulation (R2 = 0.998) and maximum temperature (R2 = 0.997) for semi-arid climate (Mashhad) , Dew point (R2 = 0.998) for temperate and humid climate (Ramsar), for radiation (R2 = 0.998) and wind speed (R2 = 0.9) for Mediterranean climate (Sanandaj) and minimum temperature (R2 = 0.998) for warm and dry climates (Bandar Abbas).

According to the sensitivity analysis of SIMETAW model, the input parameters of the model are respectively their effect on potential evapotranspiration from maximum temperature, precipitation, dew point temperature and minimum temperature, solar radiation and wind speed.

Studying indicators of traditional architecture of Shiraz houses in order to provide a suitable model for contemporary housing design in order to use clean energy

afshin ghorbani param

rchitecture is always influenced by various indicators, the most important of which are climatic and physical-spatial indicators. These indicators are well observed in traditional homes and have played an important role in the use of clean energy. In this study, the aim is to study the climatic and spatial indicators of traditional architecture of Shiraz houses in order to provide a suitable model for housing design in order to use clean energy. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through a questionnaire. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by elite and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha above 0.70. The statistical population of the research consists of 27089 experts, specialists and people familiar with the architecture of the building and a member of the Engineering System Organization of Fars Province. The number of samples according to Morgan table is 384 people. The result of one-sample t-test showed that all studied climatic and spatial variables including green space, proportions and composition of architectural elements, materials, sustainable architectural design of spaces, building orientation, organizing spaces, water use, maximum use of wind , The use of light and providing coolness with shade at a level less than 0.05 were significant and in terms of the statistical population, were in a good condition. Among the spatial and climatic variables of architecture, the most impact was related to the orientation variable with a value of 4.03 and then green space with an average of 3.85. The regression result showed that the most effective variables in the design of modern houses are related to the variable of proportions and composition of architectural elements with a value of 0.151 units, ie 15%.

Pattern of Decision-Making Evaluation in Urban Regeneration

saideh Zahra sadat zarabadi

Evaluation is one of the most important necessities in the process of urban regeneration, which leads to the optimal decision to solve the problem of urban inefficiency. Evaluating decisions in the urban regeneration process, given its complexity, ambiguity and uncertainty, is a critical issue that requires identifying the criteria that affect its realization and using fuzzy decision-making methods. The purpose of this study is to introduce a fuzzy Delphi method based on qualitative reasoning to identify and localize the criteria affecting urban regeneration. The research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The present study is applied in terms of developmental goal and descriptive-analytical in terms of researcher action. The content analysis method was used to develop the conceptual model of the research and the fuzzy inference system (FIS) and Matlab and SPSS software were used to analyze the components and criteria of urban regeneration. To obtain the required data for the research, open and closed questionnaires were distributed among experts and the expert group. Then, the obtained data were entered into the fuzzy inference system and their output was considered as research findings. According to the results of the study, 18 criteria were identified to evaluate the regeneration policy. These criteria were reduced to 12 criteria in the final selection stage, which was done by Delphi interview method. The results show that the most important and insignificant components of urban regeneration in Qom are economic, functional, physical, managerial, social and environmental components, respectively. General Transportation and Access to Urban Management Safety and Health, Housing and Infrastructure.

Analysis and explanation sprawl in industrial cities (Case study: Bandar Mahshahr)

azadeh arbabi

This research has been carried out with the aim of analyzing and explaining the spatial distribution of Mahshahr port during the years (1981-2021). The research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of targeting. For data analysis, cross-tab, kappa coefficient, sectorial, Heldren and Markov chain models were used. In this regard, Envi 5.3, Terrset, Arc/Gis and Google Map software were used to analyze the obtained information. The geographical scope of this research is the city of Mahshahr according to the census of 2015. Kappa coefficient of Mahshahr port spatial changes map for 1981, 2001 and 2021 is equal to 0.88, 0.94 and 0.94 respectively. The results of this research show that during the years 2001 to 2021, about %75 of the growth of Mahshahr city is related to population increase and %25 is related to horizontal and physical growth. The spreading pattern of Mahshahr port is expanding in the form of clusters in the north, north-west, west and south-west directions. According to the forecast results for the time horizon of 2041, the growth of Mahshahr port will reach from 1657 hectares in 2021 to 2530 hectares in 2041. If there is no optimal management, the dispersal of Mahshahr port and its agricultural lands will undergo many changes in the not-so-distant future, and this will have adverse effects on the residents of this city due to the climatic condition of the city and global warming.