Showing 681 results for Type of Study: Research
Joan Amini, Mehri Akbari, Zahra Hejazizadeh, Ali Akbar Shamsipur,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Green spaces have a key role in moderating urban micro-climatic conditions, beautifying urban landscapes, citizens' leisure time, and also reducing noise and air pollution and absorption of Aerosols. In addition to the significant advantages of green space, water consumption and irrigation needs is one of the main limitations of green space development in Tehran that nowadays faced to critical water shortage. Calculating water footprint in green spaces, as the total amount of fresh water required to maintain green space throughout the year, is one of the indicators by which the compatibility of tree and plant species with climatic conditions can be assessed. The main object of this study is to estimate the water footprint of Laleh Park in Tehran province of Iran. The Green space soil water balance (SWB) model was used to calculate water footprint in this park. The required data that including: average daily temperature, total precipitation and moisture depth of zero to 30 cm of soil, were obtained from the Geophysical meteorological station of Tehran for 2018. Data related to soil water drainage were also estimated based on standard laboratory samples of green space soils. The results indicated that in the warm months (June to September) of the year, the total water footprint of Laleh Park in Tehran was 4 to 5 thousand cubic meters per month (m3/m), while the winter months (December to March) total estimated water footprint were less than 1400 cubic meters per month. The generalization of 30 Centimeters depth soil moisture data of the geophysical meteorological station to Laleh Park, released that, in the warm month of the year, Green Water (groundwater or surface water) had the largest portion (more than 90%) in the water footprint of Laleh Park, While in the winter months (December and to march), the green water (water from snow and rain) is main participant in providing soil moisture, more than 90% of the total water footprint of Laleh Park has related to this source.
Abdolali Torabi, Sadroddin Motavlli, Gholamreza Janbaz Ghobadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Natural disasters, which are part of the process of human life and their number and diversity are increasing every day, are a major challenge to achieve sustainable development of human societies. Hence, the prevailing view of focusing solely on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience to disasters has shifted. The purpose of this study is to explain the components of urban resilience against natural hazards with emphasis on floods in Behshahr. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and in addition to documents and library studies, a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the present study includes two groups of citizens living in the neighborhoods around the four rivers of Behshahr. After collecting field information that was completed using a questionnaire tool, from SPSS, MINITAB and PLS software and using multi-criteria decision making (SAW) methods to investigate the situation and explain the components of urban resilience in Against natural hazards such as floods and GIS software was used to zoning areas based on flood resilience. The results show that among the dimensions of resilience, the economic dimension has the highest weight and is in the first place and the physical, infrastructure and environmental dimension has the lowest weight and is in the last place. Neighborhoods around the rivers of Behshahr city are ranked based on flood resistance status, which shows that Shahed neighborhood is in the first place and Borzoo neighborhood is in the last place.
Dr. Mahmoud Dehghan, Dr. Ataalah Abdi, Dr. Afshin Mottaghi, Dr. Mirhadi Hosseini,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
In geopolitics literature, small and low-endowment states that compound lesser geopolitical potentiality and weight are considered as the trivial scale agents in comparison with the first and second level powers. These agents, in spite of the local geopolitical codes but sometimes can effect on the regional and even global events of geopolitics. The Caucasian region, historically, have had a field for appearance and exposition of sub-khans that their overall actions and agencies effected the events of the region and due to its cultural proximities to Iran, have effected in Iran’s geopolitical functions in national scale. The present paper with descriptive-analytical method, have studied historical role of the local agencies in geopolitical events of the Caucasia and their impression on the great scale events. Secondly, the paper has studied the quality of the chosen countries of the region in current circumstances of the global system. Results indicate that the Caucasian countries act according to their historical legacy as a small-scale agents among the great scale actors.
Mr. Ayat Jahanbani, Mr. Ali Shamie, Mr. Habib-O-Llah Fasihi, Mr. Taher Parizadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Resiliency is one of the approaches to reducing the vulnerability of communities and strengthening peoplechr('39')s ability to deal with the dangers of natural disasters, especially earthquakes, and has economic, social, institutional, physical, and environmental dimensions. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and research method. The researcher-made questionnaire with 102 items was a tool for collecting research data. The sample size was 386 simple based on Cochranchr('39')s formulas and the sampling method was random. Exploratory factor analysis and path analysis were used in the SPSS25 software platform for data analysis and factor modeling. The results indicate that Parsabad city has the lowest scores in terms of social and physical resilience and is in a moderate to good condition; environmental resilience is in a moderate condition, institutional and economic resilience are in a bad situation. Also question factorization, 13 factors for social dimensions, (behavior during the crisis, crisis awareness, crisis preparedness, knowledge, cooperation, trust, assistance, reliance, interaction, accuracy, attitude, first aid, and necessary measures); 3 factors (Damages, Compensation and ability to return) for economic dimensions; 5 factors (performance of public institutions, the performance of semi-public institutions, institutional communication, institutional measures, and institutional context) for institutional resilience; 4 factors (open space, building resistance, public access and Relief access) for physical resilience and 3 factors (environmental, nutritional and soil factors) for environmental resilience. Finally, the modeling of resilience indicators for Parsabad city was presented.
Aysan Pourmoghaddam, Mahsa Faramarzi Asl, Mirsaeed Moosavi, Akbar Abdoolahzadeh Tarraf,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Abstract
Urban Regeneration is the one of Restoration function that imports to four dimensions of Form, Economy, Society and Ecosystem. Environment Quality is the one of objects of Urban regeneration. On the other hands lack of peoplechr('39')s interest to live and spending leisure time, the quality of city center decreases and it is more important to increase quality of city center. Environment quality is general subject and, in this study, we use creative model place for describing quality factors of environment. Golkar`s model “sustainable place” which comes from Canter`s Model “Place” is the one of most complete models for assessing the qualities of environment; It imports to four dimensions of form, activities, imaginations and ecosystem after that eventually we can obtain the Conceptual Framework of central part of Urban regeneration based on Environmental Quality. By means of content technique, various ideas and views about environment qualities from global theorists, Experiences of regenerating city center and national restoration document were collected then calculate average of them for selecting most important of them. Finally define Measures for all these important qualities to draw Conceptual Framework. The result show that legibility and Visual character are the most import qualities of empirical-aesthetic factor, Permeability and Socio petal space and Quality of public area and Vitality are the most import qualities of functional factor and Compatibility with nature is the most important quality of ecological factor. These 7 qualities which are among the most important qualities must be considered in regeneration of city centers.
Farzad Shirzad, Mr Bohlol Alijani, Mehry Akbary, Mohammad Saligheh,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Climate change and global warming are very important issues of the present century. Climate change process, especially temperature and precipitation changes, the most important issue is environmental science. Climate change means a change in the long-term average. Iran is located in the subtropical high pressure zone in arid and semi-arid regions and the Hyrcanian forest is a green area between the Caspian Sea and the Alborz mountain range. At the 43rd UNESCO Summit, the Hyrcanian forests were registered as the second natural heritage of Iran. Beech is one of the most important tree species and the most industrial species of Hyrcanian forests It accounts for about 18 percent of the northern forest volume (from Astara to Gorgan with a life span of about 250 years). The study area is located in the Shanderman basin in western Guilan province. In this research using tree dendroclimatology, Use of vegetative width of beech tree rings, Weather station statistics located in the study area, And Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical method, To Investigate Climate Change Trend on Growth Time Series and Pearson Statistical Method, in order to evaluate the correlation of diameter growth of beech tree rings with climate variables in the region, an attempt was made. Results of time series of beech tree growth rings over 202 years. Using the nonparametric method Mann- Kendall showed, Changes in growth rings of beech trees have a downward and negative trend, at level 5 %, it was significant. Temperature Minimum, Average, Maximum, and Evaporation during the growing season, there was an upward trend and Annual precipitation there was a downward trend. Using the Pearson method Fit correlation of growth ring diameter with temperature, For the average monthly in February and the average minimum temperature in July, August and September and Negative correlation, for average maximum temperature in February, July, August and September at 95% level, it was significant and precipitation in June, the correlation was 95% positive and significant.
Yaser Nazaryan, Amane Haghzad, Leyla Ebrahimi, Kia Abozorgmehr51,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Vulnerability is the inevitable result of risks and crises that threaten societies to varying degrees. One of the main threats is earthquakes. The recent approach to disaster management programs is to increase the resilience of communities that have different dimensions. One of them is the physical dimension of urban resilience, which is linked to the components of land use planning. In this research, with the aim of analyzing land use criteria affecting the resilience of Tabriz city and using fuzzy AHP method, research has been done.
Based on the results of the study of theoretical foundations, 13 effective criteria have been identified and the basis of action. The required data were extracted and used from maps and spatial information of urban plans, especially the detailed plan of Tabriz, Then Using ARC Map10.3.1 software, each criterion is analyzed and each criterion is presented in the form of a fuzzy map. Sum, Product and gamma fuzzy operators have been used to achieve the final resilience map. Due to the high accuracy of the gamma operator, its results are considered as the final output.
The results show that in the city of Tabriz, 2% have very low resilience, 40.8%, low resilience,15.3% moderate resilience, 23.5% high resilience and 7.2% very high resilience - based on the Used criteria-. Areas with low resilience are generally located in the north of Tabriz city and correspond to the informal settlement texture and the worn-out texture of the city, which corresponds to the fault line of Tabriz and Micronutrient and permeability are other features of these areas. Due to the high population density in these areas, it is necessary to immediately adopt the necessary programs to improve the quality of physical resilience criteria in the city.
Tayebeh Azizi, Mir Saeed Moosavi, Mahsa Faramarzi Asl, Siroos Jamali,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Today, the old fabric of cities has been severely dominated by unwanted developments due to increased construction and dependence on vehicles. This issue has caused many problems in urban issues. Therefore, physical reorganization plans are on the agenda as a solution to reduce these problems. Imam Street, which is located in the old part of Urmia, is one of the main and important streets of the city. One of the proposed projects in the strategic plan of the worn-out structures of Urmia city was the project of organizing and urban design of Imam Street, most of which has been implemented. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of physical organization projects in the old part of Urmia. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the obtained data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, one-sample t-test in SPSS program and also structural equation modeling using AMOS software were used. The average obtained from the T-test in measuring the satisfaction of businessmen and residents located in the old part of Urmia, which was more than 3, indicates that people living in this area and market acquisition are satisfied with the results of physical organization projects.
Ruhollah Namaki, Akbar Abdollahzadeh Tarf, Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Air pollution and adverse effects of pollution caused by the combustion of fossil fuels in urban settlements are among the important environmental issues of metropolises that need to pay attention to ways to reduce air pollution in cities. Global experience has shown that urban form indicators are one of the most important factors affecting air pollution and energy consumption in the city. Therefore, paying attention to the form of the city plays an important role in the long-term perspective of cities for better air quality. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect the required data and information, library and documentary methods have been used. To analyze the data and answer the research questions, the Moran statistical technique was used in the GIS software environment. The results of this study showed that the air pollution situation in Tabriz in terms of air pollutants, ie sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide in the second half of the year is more than the first half of the year, so that among the air monitoring stations The field had the highest number of air pollution. Also, the results of the study of the effect of urban form and land use pattern on air pollution showed that urban form and land use are effective on air pollution.
Haniyeh Asadzadeh, Tajaldin Karami, Farzaneh Sasanpour, Ali Shamaie,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Today, due to structural changes in the economy, rapid developments in science and technology, restrictions on financial and human resources, the interdependence of countries, global competition, increasing desire for globalization, the need for a better understanding of "change" and "future" for governments, businesses, organizations, organizations And people demand it. To this end, futures studies help policymakers and planners to design appropriate development programs by establishing communication, coordination, and collaboration between organizations and institutions. This research is applied in terms of practical purpose and in terms of the nature and method of descriptive-analytical research and in terms of exploratory scenario modelling. Data were collected through documentary and field methods. In the field method, the researcher-made questionnaire was provided to the experts in the form of a mutual matrix for scoring factors. 30 experts were selected by Delphi method. The distribution of questionnaires was also unlikely. Mick McMurphy software was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that the system of Tehran's urban area is in an unstable state. Also, the ten driving forces, including the ideologies of the ruling ideology, integrated management, expanding the infrastructure of information and communication technology, e-commerce, expanding economic competitiveness, economic branding, electronic management system, political transparency, facilitating the entry of multinational corporations, expanding urban diplomacy as drivers Influential ones were extracted in the development of Tehran's urban area. Finally, the scenarios facing the development of Tehran's urban area showed that there are eight scenarios, the first scenario with the highest probability of occurrence has 9 pessimistic and one pessimistic.
Dr Pari Shokri Firoozjah, Dr Amir Bakhshi, Mr Javad Puriani, Ms Fateme Alipour Sourkhani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
In urban spaces various heterogeneous and dissonant elements together cause to environmental disturbances. One of the most impotant of these elements that rarely is noted, is the color. Therefore, this study has been done with the aim of review and assess of color role effectiveness in upgrading quality space of Ramsar Chahrsad Dastgah town. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data were collected through questionnaires and photography. The statistical population of the study was estimated, according to Cochran formula, 300 people. In order to assess of quality indicators according to the role of color were examined 3 main index (spatial perception, readability and identity, diversity and vitality) and 20 variables. To analyze the indicators have been used from sample T-test and RGB models. According to one sample T-test, readability and identity Index with an average of 2.31, diversity and vitality with an average of 2.69 and spatial perception with an average 2.78 have had from least to greatest effect on the quality of the study area. Also according to the color palette extracted from sky, artificial body and vegetation layers, town of Chahrsad Dastgah are not rich in terms of color and promotion of the quality of urban space is not. Generally, in the town of Chahrsad Dastgah has been used less than coloring agent to increase the spatial perception, sense of life and identity.
Mahrookh Ghazayi, Nazfar Aghazadeh, Ehsan Ghaleh, Elhameh Ebaddyy,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Lack of surface water resources has led to uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater in many parts of the world and severe depletion of groundwater table levels. With the increasing population, the extraction of these resources has increased and these natural reserves are facing a serious threat. The present study was conducted to monitor the groundwater level using satellite images and the relationship that it can have with land use. In order to achieve the desired result, first the relevant satellite images were taken, and the necessary pre-processing was applied on each of them. Among the important tools, the use of object-oriented method, land use classification map was extracted for both years and Land use change map was extracted for a period of 15 years (2000-2015). Finally, in order to monitor the groundwater level map, the groundwater level map of the study area for both years was extracted by Gaussian method, which was the most accurate method. The results showed that there is a strong and significant relationship between land use and groundwater level. Areas of the study area that have higher vegetation have lower groundwater levels than other areas. It follows the earth and also causes water to flow from high potential points to these points. Also, irrigated agricultural use had the highest average drop in water level compared to other uses, which indicates the excessive use of groundwater to irrigate irrigated agricultural products in the study area.The results also showed that the conventional kriging method with Gaussian variance is more accurate than the other methods used to estimate the depth of groundwater water table in both statistical periods. Conveying by conventional kriging method showed that the groundwater level in most parts of the plain has decreased during the study period. The maximum drop is 40 meters and the average is 15 meters.
Mr Alireza Shojaei Nouri, Dr Gholamreza Janbazghobadi, Dr Sadrodin Motevalli,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Coastal environmental degradation as a result of Caspian Sea water level fluctuation are very probable and human behaviors in non-optimal choice of the land use locate intensify these losses. Coastal tourism, as one of the coastal land uses is heavily influenced by fluctuations in sea level in both marine transgression-regression statuses. In current study, to investigate the Caspian Sea water level fluctuation impacts on coastal land use and urban tourism (Noor and Royan Cities), at first, sea level historical recorded data in Baku, Bandar Anzali and Nowshahr tide gauge stations were studied during 1840 to 2019. Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite images and histogram filtering were used to extract the shorelines corresponding to the mentioned levels. Survey the tide gauge data showed that the lowest and highest water levels were recorded in 1977 (-28.5 meter) and 1993 (25.24 meter), respectively. According to the latest water level data, its value on November 2019 has reached the lowest level in the last three decades (-27.31 meter). 214 hectares of coastal lands of Noor and Royan Cities have been submerged due to the Caspian Sea water level rising from 1977 to 1995. Analyzing the Royan city land use in relation to the shoreline of July 1995 shows that 11 city blocks have went beyond this shoreline and have expanded to the sea. Interesting facts about these 11 blocks is that they are residential and tourism land uses. Also, in the coastal zone of Noor city, three important utilities of coastal tourism, including groin built in the breakwater of Noor recreational port, Negin Noor coastal complex and floating pier of Aryan Hotel, are the most important utilities related to Caspian Sea water level fluctuation that their performance is strongly influenced by these fluctuations.
Rastegar Mohammadi, Mohammad Saligheh, Mohammad Hossein Naserzadeh, Mehri Akbari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Extratropical cyclones according to the frequency, duration, and intensity, the major cause of mid-and high-latitude precipitation across the Mediterranean during winter and autumn. For this research using network data of ECMWF climatic variables with 6-hour time resolution and 0.25 × 0.25 spatial resolution from1979-2016 and were used of 4 Basin stations precipitation data from the Asfezari database from 1979-2016. The results showed that the first pattern is the Mediterranean trough pattern which has the highest frequency of 42%. In this pattern, the low-level due to the presence of a high-level that acts as a barrier have caused the deepening of the Mediterranean low-level and its axis extends to the Red Sea, and due to the collision of low-level and high-level on the region, instability is intensified and has caused the most rainfall among the patterns. In contrast to the first pattern, The fourth pattern has the lowest frequency of 10% Which is the trough pattern of western winds which is located on the Caspian Sea but due to high-level in the south of the region has prevented the entry of low-level and is located in the northern part of the study area due to this, the isobar in the north of the region have become orbital as a result, fewer cyclones enter the area, resulting in less rainfall between patterns. The results also showed that the frequency of cold-core cyclones was 60% in winter and 40% in autumn, but the frequency of hot core cyclones was 62% in winter and 38% in autumn, which in winter, the frequency of hot core cyclones has increased compared to cold-core cyclones, while in the fall the frequency of hot-core cyclones has decreased compared to cold-core. In the last decade, both the frequency of occurrence of cyclones and their intensity has decreased compared to the last two decades. In terms of cyclogenesis places, the western part of the study area has always been active, And with the onset of the cold season from autumn to winter, cyclogeneses places are gradually becoming more active.
Dr Fariba Esfandyari, Mr Ehsan Ghale, Ms Maryam Mohamadzadeh Shishegaran,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
One of the dangers that has occurred in many areas in recent years is the dangers of subsidence. Iran's geographical location has put many of its regions at risk. High precision radar interferometry technique is one of the most suitable methods for detecting and measuring subsidence. In this study, in order to identify and measure subsidence in Ardabil plain, the Sentinel 1 radar image interference technique of 2015 and 2020 has been used. In order to verify, the data of piezometric wells and land use maps in the area were used. According to the results, the maximum subsidence rate in 5 years in the region is estimated at 17 cm. The results also showed that the highest subsidence rates in the period 2015 to 2020 are in the next categories of rangeland uses with a value of 17 cm, soil value of 14 cm and rainfed agricultural and residential areas with a value of 13 and 12 cm. respectively, 12 cm subsidence for residential use can be due to demolition and construction of large buildings. Also, the relationship between subsidence and changes in groundwater level showed that in a period of 5 years, the groundwater level has decreased by 4 meters. This drop in groundwater level has led to land subsidence in the study area.
Ms Asieh Asgari Dastnaei, Dr Amir Gandomkar, Dr Morteza Khodagholi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Teleconnection patterns represent large changes that occur in the pattern of atmospheric waves and tornadoes and affect temperature patterns in large areas and are also used to predict average weather conditions over time periods, usually several months or annually. In this study, the effects of 26 Teleconnection patterns with the average monthly maximum temperature on a quarterly and annual basis were investigated. In this study, 4 synoptic stations of Borujen, Shahrekord, Lordegan and Koohrang in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province were analyzed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and Mann-Kendall test. The results showed that the patterns of PNA, WP, NAO, SOI, TNA, TSA, WHWP, Niño 4, NP, Trend, AO, AAO, AMO, AMM, NTA, CAR and GMLO have a positive relationship with all stations studied and The patterns of EA WR, Niño 3, ONI, MEI V2, Niño 1 + 2, Niño 3.4 and TNI had a negative relationship with all studied stations.
Dr Hassan Kharajpour, Dr Zahra Hejazizadeh, Dr Bohloul Alijani, Dr Mohammad Hossein Nasserzadeh,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Considering the undeniable impact of agricultural plants on climatic and regional changes, it seems necessary to conduct regional research to understand the reaction of each agricultural plant in different stages of growth in relation to weather elements. If the temperature of the air along with the warm cloud is lower or higher than a certain threshold, its development will stop. Between the two limits, there is an optimal temperature where the plant grows the fastest. Temperature and clouds are both the most important climatic elements in agriculture. Both climatic parameters together cause stress in wheat and lower the productivity of the product. Considering the strategic nature of wheat, in order to increase the level of production, in the present research, while taking advantage of the experiences and methods and models used in foreign and domestic researches, it was practical in Kermanshah province due to the extent of the land under wheat cultivation and The significant amount of production, which has a special place in this field at the level of the country, the determination of the statistical threshold and the synoptic analysis of warem cloud temperatures on the performance of the wheat crop are investigated. According to the investigations and consultations with agricultural engineers, the maximum temperature along with cloudy days causes the phenomenon of greenhouse and excessive heat, which causes the fall of flowers, rot, sterility of pollen grains, fruit reduction, Premature aging and poverty become seeds, and this phenomenon occurs mostly in the months of May and June.
Toba Alizadeheh, Majid Rezaie Banafsh, Gholamreza Goodarzi, Hashem Rostamzadeh,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Dust is a phenomenon that has many environmental effects in various parts of human life, including: agriculture, economy, health and so on. The purpose of this study is to investigate and predict the dust phenomenon in Kermanshah. Meteorological data with a resolution of 3 hours in the statistical period (2020-2000) of Kermanshah station was obtained from the Meteorological Organization. First, the dust data were normalized and then using ANN neural network models to predict dust concentration and ANFIS adaptive neural network to debug and predict the time series of dust occurrence in MATLAB software were debugged and predicted. Findings showed that the maximum predicted dust concentration related to the minimum fenugreek point with the highest Pearson correlation with dust was estimated to be 3451.23 μg / m3. Also, the results of time series prediction using ANFIS model showed that the linear bell membership function with grade 3, in the training and testing stages, has the most desirable input function among other membership functions. According to the forecasting models, the highest probability of maximum dust occurrence in the next 20 years in Kermanshah was 94%.
Mahnaz Sadeghi, Zahra Haejazi Zade, Mohhamad Saligeh,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to increase awareness and flexibility towards climate change and its effects on the environment through education. In the first step, to achieve the reproduction of climatic data and compare the scenarios of the general circulation model of the atmosphere, three important climatic parameters including precipitation, minimum temperature and maximum temperature were used and also SDSM software was used to predict the data. In this study, two stations of Zabol and Chabahar were used during the statistical period of 1961-2005. Three scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in the period 2020-2050 were used to compare the results of the CanESM2 general circulation model, which is mentioned in the fifth IPCC report. The results of CanESM2 model showed that the minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation in the studied stations will have an increasing and decreasing trend in the future, respectively, in other words, the effects of climate change will be more obvious. In the second step, a questionnaire was distributed to teachers and students in Zabol and Chabahar in the education department; The results of validation of Cronbach's alpha test indicate that this questionnaire had good validity and reliability. The selection of the statistical population was purposeful; That is, from all the related schools, schools were purposefully selected at the discretion of the professors and were also evaluated and questioned. Analysis of the results of questionnaires related to teachers and students showed that the research hypothesis was confirmed according to T-Test.
- Nazir Ahmad Hashem Zehi, - Gholamreza Miri, - Masoumeh Hafez Rezazadeh,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Utilizing neighborhood capacities and redefining the role of citizens at the urban neighborhood level has led to a new approach called neighborhood-based participation; Because many urban challenges are rooted in the lack of citizen participation. The city of Zahedan is no exception. In order to achieve neighborhood-based participation, it is very important to pay attention to and strengthen some indicators. The purpose of this study is to measure the effective indicators in improving neighborhood-based participation to improve urban services in the city of Zahedan. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection in the field through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of 587730 citizens living in Zahedan. The sample size was calculated using the Cochranchr('39')s formula of 322 people. Examination of 5 variables of reliability, accountability and responsibility, reliability, empathy and attention and tangible and tangible factors show that all 5 variables were significant at the level of less than 0.05. Examining the difference between the mean and t-test statistics confirmed that citizens do not trust the performance of the municipality and managers. Also, one-sample t-test shows that the indicators of transparency, empowerment, economic base, value bases and sense of place are equal to 0.000 and less than 0.05 are significant. This article points to the impact of these indicators on improving neighborhood-based participation. Based on the results of the structural equation model, the greatest effect is related to the transparency index with 0.19, then the sense of spatial belonging with 0.15. Also, one-sample t-test shows that voluntary contributions (mean difference of 0.510), financial (mean difference of 0.611) and intellectual (mean difference of 0.486) with a significance level of less than 0.05 can have a great impact on Improve neighborhood-based participation and improve the quality of municipal services.
