[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
Articles archive::
For Authors::
For Reviewers::
Registration::
Contact us::
Site Facilities::
Publication statistics::
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
Publication Information
ju Publisher
Kharazmi University
ju Managing Director 
Nasergholi Sarli
ju Editor-in-Chief
Habib-Allah Abbasi
ju Manager
Zahra Saberi
ju In charge of the Site
Tahereh sadate Mirahmadi

EISSN 24766941
..
Indexing Databases

  AWT IMAGE   AWT IMAGE 
 AWT IMAGE   AWT IMAGE 
  AWT IMAGE 

   

..
Social Networks
   
..
:: year 28, Issue 89 (12-2020) ::
Persian Language and Literature 2020, 28(89): 7-27 Back to browse issues page
Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī: Beyond the Dual Opposition of Verse and Prose in the Islamic Literary-Rhetorical Tradition
Farzad Baloo 1, Siavash Haghjou2
1- Mazandaran University , farzad_baloo@yahoo.com
2- Mazandaran University
Abstract:   (3266 Views)
Verse and prose have had proponents and opponents in the literary tradition throughout history, and each group has argued for or against the other. By overcoming this dual opposition without taking the side of poetry or prose and adopting a philosophical and aesthetic approach, Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī revealed other aspects of the relationship between verse and prose. Quoting the opinions of the advocates of poetry and prose, the present paper objectively analyzes the monotheistic meta-dualism approach in Al-Imtāʿ wa al-Mu’ānasa using a descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that by rereading the works of the proponents of verse and prose, Tawhīdī believes that the final word cannot be stated about poetry and prose. Moreover, after explaining the nature of speech and its types, he mentions the advantages of verse and prose in the words of their advocates: e.g., verse is creation and the general public does not attain it, while prose is realized faster and attracts the general writer for its convenience; prose needs poetry for adornment, but poetry does not need prose; the poet has an infinite horizon ahead while the writer has a limited field, and prose is the foundation of speech but poetry is its derivative; prose is free of obligations while poetry is full of poetic requirements; prose borrows from wisdom but poetry borrows from emotion; and despite the formal beauty of verse, prose is more original and noble. Finally, he concludes that both verse and prose have undeniable virtues and the best type of speech is one that its form is something between verse and prose while it is neither verse nor prose.
 
Keywords: Verse, Prose, Dual Opposition, Rhetoric, Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī 
Full-Text [PDF 1506 kb]   (1025 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: نظریه های ادبی
References
1. ابراهیم، عبدالـله (2005) موسوعة السرد العربی. بیروت: الموسسة العربیة للدراسات و النشر.
2. آذرشب، فرشته (1384) «احوال و آثار فیلسوف ادیب ابوحیان توحیدی». کیهان فرهنگی. شماره‌های231 و 232: 54 ـ 57.
3. ابن‌اثیر، علی‌بن‌محمد (1375ق/ 1956) الجامع الکبیر في صناعةالمنظوم و المنثور. قام بتحقيقه و التعليق عليه مصطفي جواد و جميل سعيد. بغداد: الجمع العلمي العراقي.
4. ابن‌قتیبه (1963) ادب الکاتب. حققه و ضبطه محمد محیی‌الدین عبدالحمید. قاهره: مکتبة السعادة.
5. ابن‌قتیبه (1985) الشعر و الشعراء. تصحیح مفید قمحه و نعیم زرزور. بیروت: دارالکتب‌العلمیه.
6. ابن‌خلدون، عبدالرحمن (1353) مقدمة ‌ابن‌خلدون. جلد دوم. ترجمة محمد پروین گنابادی. تهران: بنگاه ترجمه و نشر کتاب.
7. ابن‌رسول، سید محمدرضا و همکاران (1392) «تحلیل سبك‌شناختی كتاب الامتاع و المؤانسة ابوحیان توحیدی». لسان مبین (پژوهش ادب عرب). شمارة 12: 1-23.
8. ابن‌رشيق قيرواني (1981) العمده في محاسن الشعر و آدابه. حققه و فصله و علق حواشيه محمد محيي‌الدين عبدالحميد. بيروت: دارالجيل.
9. پورجوادی، نصرالـله (1366) «نقد فلسفی شعر از نظر عطار و عوفی». معارف. دورة چهارم. شمارة 3: 405-420.
10. تبریزی، محمدبن‌مسعود (1381) سفینة تبریز. تهران: مرکز نشر دانشگاهی.
11. توحيدي، أبوحیان (بی‌تا) الامتاع و المؤانسة. الجزء الثانی. به‌تحقیق احمد امین و احمد الزین. بیروت: دارالمکتبه الحیاه.
12. ثعالبی، عبدالملک‌بن‌محمد (1972) رسائل الثعالبی او نثر النظم و حل العقد. مقدمه‌نویس علی خاقانی. بغداد: مکتبة دارالبیان.
13. جرجانی، عبدالقاهر (1368) دلائل الاعجاز فی القرآن. ترجمه و تحشیه سیدمحمد رامنش. تهران: آستان قدس رضوی.
14. خفاجی، ابن‌سنان (1982) سرالفصاحه. بیروت: دارالکتب العلمیه.
15. دستگردي، وحيد (1299) «مناظرة ميان شعر و نثر». ارمغان. شمارة 10: 325-329.
16. دهقاني، محمد (1389) از شهر خدا تا شهر انسان: در نقد و بررسي ادبيات كلاسيك و معاصر. تهران: مرواريد.
17. ذکاوتی قراگوزلو، علیرضا (1374) ابوحیان توحیدی. تهران: طرح نو.
18. سجادی، سیدجعفر (1350) «ابوحیان توحیدی». وحید. شمارة 89: 226 - 233.
19. شمس‌آبادی، حسین (1394) «شعر بهتر است يا نثر (مقابلة آراء و ديدگاه‌ها در ادب فارسی و عربی)». ادب عربی. سال هفتم. شمارة 1: 155- 176.
20. عسکری، ابوهلال (1971) الصناعتین: الکتابة و الشعر. تحقیق علی‌محمد البجاوی. محمد ابوالفضل ابراهیم. قاهره: دارالفکر العربی.
21. عنصرالمعالي، کيکاووس (1347) قابوس‌نامه. تهران: بنگاه ترجمه و نشر كتاب.
22. عوفی، سدیدالدین محمد (1361) لباب‌الالباب. تصحیح محمد قزوینی و ادوارد براون. تهران: کتاب‌فروشی فخر رازی.
23. قدامه‌بن‌جعفر (1980) نقدالنثر یا البیان. بیروت: دارالکتاب العلمیه.
24. محبتی، مهدی (1388) از معنا تا صورت. تهران: سخن.
25. نظامي عروضي، احمدبن‌عمربن‌علي (1375) چهارمقاله. تصحيح علامه محمد قزويني. به‌اهتمام محمد معين. تهران: جامي.
26. Askari, Abu Hilal (1971) Sinaatain, Vers and Poetry. Investigation of Ali Mohammad Al-Bajawi. Qahirah: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi [In Arabic]
27. Aufi, Sadid Al-Din Muhammad (1983) Lobab Al-Albab. Edited by Mohammad Qazvini and Edward Brown. Tehran: Fakhr Razi Bookstore [In Persian]
28. Azarshab, Fereshteh (2005) "Biography and works of the philosopher Adib Abu Hayyan Tawhidi", Keyhan Farhangi, January and February, Nos. 231 and 232: 54-57 [In Persian]
29. Dehghani, Mohammad (2010) From the City of God to the City of Man: in Critique and Study of Classical and Contemporary Literature, Tehran: Morvarid [In Persian]
30. Ibrahim, Abdullah (2005) Al-Sard Al-Arabi Encyclopedia. Beirut: Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing [In Arabic]
31. Ibn Athir, Ali Ibn Muhammad (1956) Al-Jame 'Al-Kabir in the system of poetry and prose. with research and commentary on Mustafa Javad and Jamil Saeed Baghdad: The Iraqi Scientific Association [In Arabic]
32. Ibn Khaldun, Abdul Rahman (1975) Introduction to Ibn Khaldun. Volume II. Trans by Mohammad Parvin Gonabadi. Tehran: Book Translation and Publishing Company [In Persian]
33. Ibn Qutaybah (1963) Adab al-Katib. Mohammad Mohiuddin Abdul Hamid, Al Qahirah :Maktabossadah [In Arabic]
34. Ibn Qutaybah (1985) Poetry and Poets. Correction of Mofeid Qamha and Naeem Zarzour. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya [In Arabic]
35. Ibn Rashiq Qirwani (1981) Al-Umda in the Virtues of Poetry and Manners. the Margins of Mohammad Mohiyya al-Din Abdul Hamid. Beirut: Dar Al-Jalil [In Arabic]
36. Ibn Rasool, Seyyed Mohammad Reza et al. (2013) "Stylistic Analysis of Abu Hayyan Tawhidi's Al-imtāʿ wa al-muʾānasaẗ". Language of Explanation (Arabic Literature Research). No. 12: 1-23 [In Arabic]
37. Jorjani, Abdul Qahir (1990) Dalael Al-Ejaz. Trans and Annotated by Seyed Mohammad Radmanesh. Tehran: Astan Quds Razavi [In Persian]
38. Khafaji, Ibn Sanan (1982) Ser al-Fasaha. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya [In Arabic]
39. Mohabbaty, Mehdi (2009) From Meaning to Face. Tehran: Sokhan [In Persian]
40. Nizami Aroozi, Ahmad Ibn Omar Ibn Ali (1996) Four Articles. Corrected by Allama Mohammad Qazvini. By the Efforts of Mohammad Moin. Tehran: Jami [In Persian]
41. Onsor al-Ma'ali, Kikavus (1969) Qaboosnameh. Tehran: Book Translation and Publishing Company [In Persian]
42. Pourjavadi, Nasrollah (1987) "Philosophical Critique of Poetry from the Perspective of Attar and Awfi". Ma"rif. The fourth period. No. 3: 405-420 [In Persian]
43. Qadameh Ibn Jafar (1980) Critique of Prose. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya [In Arabic]
44. Sajjadi, Seyed Jafar (1972) "Abu Hayyan Tawhidi", Vahid, No. 89: 226 - 233 [In Persian]
45. Shamsabadi, Hossein (2015) "Is Poetry better or Prose" (Confrontation of Opinions and Views in Persian and Arabic Literature). Arabic Literature. Seventh Year. No. 1: 155-176 [In Persian]
46. Tabrizi, Mohammad Ibn Massoud (2002) Safineh of Tabriz , Tehran: University Publishing Center [In Persian]
47. Tawhidi, Abu Hayyan (Dateless) Al-imtāʿ wa al-muʾānasaẗ. Part II. Investigated by Ahmad Amin and Ahmad Al-Zain. Beirut: Dar al-Muktabah al-Hayah [In Arabic]
48. Thalabi, Abdul Malik Ibn Muhammad (1972) Al-Thalabi's Treatises or Nasr or Nazm and Hel-ol-Egd. Introduction by Ali Khaghani. Baghdad: Dar al-Bayyan School [In Arabic]
49. Zakavati Qaraguzlu, Alireza (1995) Abu Hayyan Tohidi, Tehran: Tarh-e No [In Persian]
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA



XML   Persian Abstract   Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Baloo F, Haghjou S. Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī: Beyond the Dual Opposition of Verse and Prose in the Islamic Literary-Rhetorical Tradition. Persian Language and Literature 2020; 28 (89) :7-27
URL: http://jpll.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3861-en.html


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
year 28, Issue 89 (12-2020) Back to browse issues page
دوفصلنامه  زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه خوارزمی Half-Yearly Persian Language and Literature
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.09 seconds with 44 queries by YEKTAWEB 4666