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Showing 2 results for Danesh
Ebrahim Danesh, Mohammad Reza Toosi Nasrabadi,
Volume 29, Issue 91 (12-2021)
Abstract
Linguistic politeness is a phenomenon that is usually observed in everyday human interaction and shows how to use language to manage the interpersonal relationships of speakers. Qabousnameh is one of the most important texts of Persian didactic literature, which Onsor Al-Ma’āli wrote in forty-four chapters, with the aim of educating his son, Gilanshah, and his learning about social etiquette, knowledge, and techniques necessary for life, government, statehood, etc. Iranians have long cherished this book because of its didactic value and have used its anecdotes for educating their children. In this article the representation of linguistic politeness in Qabousnameh was studied using the politeness theory of Brown and Levinson. The findings showed that politeness was conceptualized as a social and cultural phenomenon in Qaboosnameh, which is the result of constructive interaction of individuals with mental, expressive and behavioral dimensions: in the mental dimension, consideration of audience and measuring the contextual situation and reflection on speech and its various meanings and effects; in the linguistic and expressive dimension, the standards of eloquence and the etiquette of speech; and in the behavioral dimension, the significant or influential negative and positive speech acts in language politeness were introduced and explained. In this paper, out of many cases that were studied in Qabousnameh, 27 examples were presented using the descriptive-analytical method and the pragmatic approach to the Brown and Levinson theory. According to the author of Qabousnameh, speech acts of the parties to the dialogue can save or threaten the face of the speaker and the audience; therefore, he proposed strategies to save or promote the face of the parties. Qabousnameh can be considered as one of the oldest texts in Persian literature, which mentions body language and the need for its proper use in linguistic interaction and interpersonal relationships.
-- Farah Jahanshahi, Dr Mohammad Farahmand, Dr Ebrahim Danesh, Dr Faramarz Jalalat,
Volume 33, Issue 98 (5-2025)
Abstract
Roman Jakobsen considered the difference between linguistic roles to result from the prominence of some communicational elements (Addresser, Addressee, Message, Content, Contact, and Codes). He believed that every message has several linguistic roles, usually one of which is more prominent. In literary texts, due to the complexity of the text, the multiplicity of layers, and the fluidity of signs, we are not only faced with a literary role. But, in addition to the formal enhancement of the text, rhetorical figures also interact with other linguistic roles and an intelligent use will cause proportion and conformity in the form and meaning of the text. This study has analyzed the interaction of form and content in Attar's Mantiq-ut-tayr using a descriptive-analytical method and concluded that Attar established a balanced relationship between rhetorical figures and the moral-mystical content of Mantiq-ut-tayr. He has used them to express specified themes and concepts based on their essence and literary function. For example, he has used “Poetical Reasoning” to explain educational and mystical issues, “Literary Collocation” to create thematic unity and textual coherence, and “Oxymoron” to illustrate the contradictory nature of mystical experiences and internal and external conflicts of mystics. The proper use of rhetorical figures according to the subject matter and content of the anecdotes of the Mantiq-ut-tayr has created a lot of beauty, influence, interaction, and harmony of form and content.
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