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Showing 25 results for Discourse
Batul Vaez, Mohammad Reza Haji Aqa Babaie,
Volume 30, Issue 92 (5-2022)
Abstract
One of the areas in literary studies whose definition and principles have been subject of considerable disagreements among philosophers, writers, and linguists is poetry and its nature. Differences of perspectives in defining poetry are a result of differences in methodologies, intellectual fields, and elaboration of poetry function. The present research takes a descriptive–analytic approach to reviewing the existing definitions of poetry, and through studying different types of poetry in Persian literature and, by basing the discussion on indicators such as the speaker’s mentality, listener’s mentality, language, genre studies, various discourses of each era, the prominent literary element, and critiquing the masterpiece-oriented perspective, attempts to question the perspective which considers poetics to be a definite and non-historical phenomenon, and introduces poetics as a fluid, relative, and history-dependent phenomenon which requires a different definition in various eras based on the abovementioned indicators. Through such an approach to poetics, demarcating verse and poetry based on similar indicators and in all eras will not enjoy scientific rigor and credit. Based on the perspectives elaborated in the present research, a new poetics must be proposed in each era to be able to provide a definition of poetry in that era.
Mahdi Mohabbati, Abbas Mashoufi,
Volume 30, Issue 93 (1-2023)
Abstract
In the Sufi tradition, wayfaring in the realm of the way requires a guru who can guide the wayfarer through the obstacles and in the discovery and understanding of mystical knowledge and the experience of truth. Many books, which deal with the rites of this spiritual journey and conduct, have emphasized the necessity of the presence of the guru and the commitment of the disciple to follow him. In this guidance and leadership, a discourse is made between the guru and the disciple. A discourse that the guru tries to guide the disciple by maintaining a discipline to oblige the disciple to do it (rites of the way). Based on Michel Foucault’s theory of power discourse, the purpose of this article is to review the guru-disciple relationship and to evaluate the aspects of “subjugation” and “transformation” of the wayfarer from “known and free subject” to “subordinate and bound subject” in the Sufi culture. This article uses the discourse analysis method. The result of this authoritative discourse and the existence of “bound subjects” can be attributed to the lack of a polyphonic and dynamic culture in the Sufi tradition, guru-worship, and the formation of the ritual collection of “manners of pilgrimage of Sheiks’ shrines”.
Keihan Saeedi, Sayyed Ahmad Pars,
Volume 30, Issue 93 (1-2023)
Abstract
The present research is an analysis of Papoli Yazdi’s utopian discourse in “Shazdeh Hamam” based on the discursive theory of Laclau and Mouffe. The sample of the study consists of the first three volumes of Papoli Yazdi’s five-volume book, Shazdeh Hamam, the first and second volumes of which have been reprinted 34 times and the third volume 14 times so far. The reason for choosing this topic is the metatextual discourses of this work, which makes it distinct from similar works. Additionally, the reason for choosing Laclau and Mouffe’s theory is its effectiveness for analyzing Papoli Yazdi’s discourse. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The data was analyzed based on content analysis and using Laclau and Mouffeʼs discourse theory. Based on this theory, the present study aims to answer the following question: How is the articulation of concepts and the process of identifying the authorʼs idealistic discourse and its relationship with the dominant discourse? The results indicate that according to this theory, the authorʼs modernist discourse is formed in contrast to the dominant traditionalist discourse, and places “modernity and progress” as an empty point in place of the nodal point. It also articulates the points of culture and women’s rights around the nodal point and gives each one a new identity and meaning. In the end, the author encourages human beings as agents to act for the realization of their ideal society.
Ebrahim Mohammadi, Effat Ghafouri Hassanabad, Seyyed Mahdi Rahimi, Hamed Norouzi,
Volume 30, Issue 93 (1-2023)
Abstract
Ahou Khanom (Madam Ahou’s Husband) novel, written by Ali Mohammad Afghani and its movie adaptation directed by Davood Mollapour. The noteworthy point in both works is the existence of different sense-maker layers and components in the novel and movie threshold that reveals the quality of the relationship between husband and wife in the traditional and pseudo-modern discourse. By highlighting the dispute between traditional and modern discourse, the writer and the director, invisibly and intangibly, try to present the audience the image of an oppressed and alienated woman around whom the patriarchal discourse has always formed a chain to subjugate her due to the natural differences between men and women, and has regarded her as the other and inferior and has marginalised her. So, in the present research based on a comparative-interdisciplinary approach and Laclau and Mouffe’s critical discourse analysis the structures of the thresholds of the two media were investigated. First, the micro-texts of thresholds in the novel and movie were identified, and then with the analysis of the existing point in their structure, the connection among thresholds, the nodal text and its outside world, and ways of creating meaning in different layers of micro-text were examined. Two points were revealed by studying threshold structures in Showhar-e Ahou Khanom’s novel and movie: 1. All the points found in the thresholds of both works were formed based on a macro-clash between men and women. 2. The existing points reveal patriarchally created discourse which always equates men with the nodal point, as superior, active, independent, and free, while introducing women with concepts such as marginal, inferior, passive, dependent and limited, and using the rational of the difference between men and women it excludes and rejects this rival.
Atefe Amirifar, Seyyed Ali Ghasemzadeh,
Volume 31, Issue 94 (6-2023)
Abstract
Mystical experience refers to a kind of intuitive-occult experience completely beyond the reach of the mystic-subject. Hence, the mystic is unable to fully perceive it and to repeat its quality. This inability is not merely caused by the inexpressibility and the transcendental quality of the intuitive experience, but by the semantic system governing the intuitive event and then by its narration in the language of the mystic-subject. The semantic system governing the intuitive event is based on coincidence, confronting the subject with a stressful environment and occasion without any plan or presupposition. The semantic system of coincidence is one of the four semantic systems of Landowski, which is consistent with the quality of mystical and intuitive experience along with the narrative of this experience in the mystic-subject’s verbal and non-verbal language. Based on the semantic system of coincidence, in the continuous course of life, the mystic-subject suddenly encounters an unknown and extrasensory experience, fundamentally different from the program-oriented rules of the ordinary life and affecting him in two compressive and expansive dimensions. He is not only surprised while encountering an intuitive experience, but also finds the linguistic rules insufficient for reporting its quality. Thus, the subject will produce a new form of language and meaning with his verbal and non-verbal language owing to this coincident and stressful process.
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