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Showing 2 results for Attâr
Dr Mostafâ Mirdâr Rezâyi,
Volume 32, Issue 97 (1-2025)
Abstract
Nasir Khusraw’s poetry is full of intellectual arguments, religious topics, sermons, and wisdom, which has given his words a philosophical and somewhat complicated flavor. On the other hand, in his works, Attar of Nishapur has tried to present the heritage of Sufism of Khorasan and the poetry before him in a different style, through simple language, without glamor and impressive embellishments. The question of this research is whether the simplicity or complexity of language plays a role in the simplicity or complexity of the structure of poetic images. Adopting a quantitative and statistical method, the present research investigates the statistical and comparative analysis of the structure of the poetic images of Nasir Khusraw and Attar. The results of this study show that the simplicity or complexity of a poet’s language has little to do with the structure of his images. In other words, the geometry of the poet’s images cannot be considered simple or complex merely because of the simplicity or difficulty of his words. The language of Nasir Khusraw’s poetry is difficult and complex, but this feature has not had a significant effect on the geometry of his poem’s images, and most of his poetry’s images are simple and far from complex. On the other hand, the structure of Attar’s poetic images, despite the simplicity of the language and appearance, has a subtle and delicate complexity that cannot be understood except by analyzing the rhetorical materials used in the construction of the images. In other words, Attar’s language is simple but his images are complex.
Parvin Mortazâei, Rahâ Zâreifard, Zahra Hosseini,
Volume 33, Issue 98 (5-2025)
Abstract
Mosibatnāma (book of afflictions) is one of Attar’s most significant masnavi (rhyming couplet) poems in the realm of mystical literature, wherein the poet’s supplications to the Divine have endowed it with a unique charm. The structure of these supplications—with dimensions of fear, intimacy, and reproach—assists the poet in articulating social and ethical ideas. In this study, using a descriptive-analytical method, the discursive dimensions of the supplications in Attar’s Mosibatnāma and the way social and power relations are articulated and interpreted in the text are examined through Fairclough’s model. According to this approach, Attar’s supplications in Mosibatnāma fall into three categories—fearful, intimate, and reproachful—each analyzed at three levels: description, interpretation, and explication. At the descriptive level, lexical features, sentence structures, and grammatical patterns reflect the poet’s social experience and convey the social anxiety and turmoil of Khorasan in the 7th century AH. At the interpretive level, the poet’s focus on describing God’s essential attributes conveys submission of the servant before the Divine, confirming the dominance of Ash’ari determinist thought within the poet’s social environment. At the explicative level, we observe the traces of courtly authority and the poet’s desire to purify the spiritual atmosphere of his era, an atmosphere in which social, religious, and doctrinal chaos have accumulated and materialism and self-interest have flourished. Other findings include the poet’s representation of the society’s governing system alongside his idealistic aspiration for peace and friendship.
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