---

One of the themes of romances is the fighting of the beloved. In Iran's mythical and legendary history names of women and mistresses like Golshah, Sarvkharaman, Gordafarid, Azra, and Sanambar are found who used to come to the battle field with their lover sand defend them like a male warrior. Such actions are extant in the greate pics or their reproduction and they have been so frequently repeated in romances that they have been turned in to regular themes. In this article the researcher attempts to introduce these poems and their beloveds and show the actions of the female warriors. Ten Stories are studied in this article, including Bano Goshasb Nameh, Rabe’e and Baktash, Sohrab and Gordafarid, The Iranian Princess in Thousand and One Nights, Heydarbeyk and Samanbar, The Killer Hero, Gordiehand Khosrow Parviz, Varghe and ​Golshah, Vamegh and Azra, Homay and Homayoun. 

---

Knowledge of myths and epics is important and necessary to get acquainted with the past culture and civilization of nations. Therefore, it is worth considering the developments that occur in a society’s myths and epics due to political and social reasons and the passage of time. So far, no research has been done aimed at identifying the causes and the changes occurred in the mythological and epical images of Iran in the most important Persian history books from the third century up to the end of the Safavid rule. The results of this study, which was done using the descriptive-analytical method, are: the removal of many ideas of Zoroastrianism from the face of Iranian mythology as a result of Arab domination and the influence of Islam, changes in some of the actions and deeds of Iranian mythological characters and the influence of Islamic teachings on them and their mixing with the Israelites (foreign narratives from Jewish sources), the transformations that took place in the form of characters, stories, and mythological geography, and the mixtures that influenced the Iranian mythology due to the spread of Israelites in the form of contemporaneity, fake lineage, uniformity, and geographical affiliation. Other findings of this study show the influence of the thoughts of the Semitic people on Iranian mythology and the logic of the credibility of the historian’s era on the Iranian narratives, which led to various myths about them.
 

---

The numbering system is one of the most important and challenging components of inline systems. This challenge is two-dimensional and is not simply written in numbers. The challenge of number writing, on the one hand, comes back to the nature of numbers and their existence in each language, which itself is the result of the different attitude of each lineage to existence, and the second dimension of the challenge of number writing is related to the way of writing numerical entities in each language. Therefore, even though numerology is a phenomenon in the field of writing or writing, it cannot be considered a purely linear phenomenon, but to describe the numerology system, it is necessary to pay attention to the type of attitude and vision of people and nations towards existence and especially the mythological foundations of the vision of each nation. to be Middle Persian is no exception to this approach, and one of the neglected requirements to answer the ambiguities of the Middle Persian numeration system is the same attention to qualitative matters, especially the mythological beliefs of Iranians. In this article, in continuation of the valuable efforts that have been made so far to compile and describe the Middle Persian numeral system, other considerations about this system are proposed, and the answers to some uncertainties still existing in the Middle Persian numeral system are discussed during these considerations. Also, some of the remnants and reflections of this system are tracked in the New Persian language and script, which on the one hand helps to compile the Middle Persian numeral system and on the other hand, facilitates the understanding of New Persian words and texts. The findings of the article show that it is possible to describe the Middle Persian numerology system, and in this work, taking help from the mythological foundations of Iranian thought is a way-opener and important, of course, this article ultimately does not mean the formulation of the Middle Persian numerology system, and further, considerations and There are suggestions for developing this system.