---

Otherness is one of the methods of accessing hidden interests beyond the literary texts which through literary discourse analysis can be in direct relation to political science and sociology. Critical discourse analysis believes that each text is shaped by political and ideological approaches and the relationship between political issues and texts is not an accidental one. Laclauand Mouffe believe that in every discourse one can use two concepts of logic of equality and logic of difference to explain the relations of otherness present in literary texts. That is, in every discourse, a positive pole is foregrounded as“we”or ours, and on the opposite pole the negative side is introduced as“they”or “others”. Foregrounding and backgrounding are used in texts and discourse through language functions. Investigatingthis method in some of Khayyam's Quatrains we will find out why Khayyam has pursued a kind of polarization in his quatrains and also will realize how Khayyam, along with his philosophical views expressed in his Quatrains, has tried to suggest political and critical motives through his discourse.

---

The Mosibatname is one of the most important of Attar's couplet poem in the field of mystical literature. In this work, the poet's prayers to his god have a special attraction. The structure of these conversations in the layers of fear, intimacy and blame accompanies the poet in expressing social and moral thoughts. In this research, which was formed in a descriptive-analytical way, it seeks to answer the discursive dimensions of Attar's Mosibatname prayers and how to explain and interpret the social and power relations in this text based on Farklough's model. According to this approach, the types of prayers of Attar in the Mosibatname include three branches of fearful, sincere and reproachful prayers, which have been examined at three levels of description, interpretation and explanation. At the description level, the characteristics of vocabulary, sentence structure, and grammar express the poet's social experience and reflect the social unrest and turmoil of the 7th century in Khorasan. In the interpretation, the poet's focus is on the description of God's main attributes and it shows the pure submission of the servant to God, which confirms the dominance of the Ash'ari determinism over the poet's society. In the explanation, we observe the traces of the court system and the poet's desire to purify the atmosphere of the era. A space where social, religious and ideological chaos has been precipitated and worldliness and utilitarianism have flourished. The representation of the social governing system and the poet's aspiration for peace and friendship are among the other findings.
Keywords: Attar, Mosibatnameh, prayers , Fairclough, discourse analysis.