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Linguistic combinations are referred to as a chain of words that associate with one another and form a semantic phrases, such as adjectival and noun. Innovation in this field is one of the main tasks of creative poetry. Shams's sonnets are of the prominent works of Persian literature and their composition is characterized by its stylistic features. In order to express his sublime and mystical thought, Molana has created hundreds of neologisms and used a variety of norms to widen the bottleneck of the vocabulary or to avoid duplicate words and combinations. Among his works, Shams's sonnets are great examples of the fusion of thoughts. In the texts of his sonnets, there are hundreds of fresh adjective phrases such as "Perverted Thought", "Fantasy Imagination", "Golden Excuses" or noun phrases like "Mobs of Fancy", " World of Colors and Smells", “Farm of Heart” that require analysis. Rumi's innovations are not limited to this and different types of new structures are found in his nominative, adjectival, adverbial and verbal phrases and combinations, but this article deals only with this type of innovation. The findings show that Rumi created new and exquisite allusions and metaphors in Farsi using these combinations. And in addition to empowering the language by avoiding the use of repetitive combinations and words, Molana has added to its appeal and has portrayed his inimitable ideas in the form of language.
 

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There is a two-way relationship between society and literature so that each one affects the other. In his theory of practice, Bourdieu deals with the interaction between literature and society and their mutual impact on each other. In the present article using Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of “practice”, three concepts of habitus, field, and action have been considered as the basis of analysis to provide a sociological investigation of Ahmad Shamlou’s poems and to clarify the way of thinking and type of action of this contemporary innovative poet. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical in nature and fundamental-theoretical based on the purpose. The findings indicated that the poet’s habitus, which was based on the type of personal and social education in the family and society, was a fixed and stable habitus and with a special taste (habitus) in the face of the ruling power (field), to the extent that he had the available capital, he chose his lifestyle according to the position (pole of independence) in which he was located, due to the dialectical contradiction (between habitus and field), he chose a difficult and highly negative position. The poet performed different actions, the result of which was composing socio-political poems and, above all, innovating the sub-field of Persian poetry production.
 

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Articles related to the Shahnameh and Ferdowsi have been analyzed from their inception (1915) up to the end of 2006 across several studies. These studies have pointed to the social contexts of the quantitative growth of the articles and the reasons for the rise and fall of Shahnameh studies; however, their main focus has been on the pathology and weaknesses concerning the subjects, content, and structure of the articles. The mentioned studies have paid less attention to the degree of innovation in these researches concerning research methods, hypotheses, and new findings—which are among the most important goals of scholarly articles. The present study examines two fundamental indicators of scholarly articles from 2007 to 2011 on the subject of the Shahnameh and Ferdowsi, aiming to investigate innovation in the main structure of these articles, namely the problem statement and research method. During the last five years of the 1380s (2000s), 210 scholarly articles were produced, categorized into nine thematic groups. In this study, using qualitative content analysis, the degree of innovation and scientific trendsetting of the articles were examined based on determined indicators. Among the mentioned thematic categories, "textual studies of the Shahnameh," "comparative studies of the Shahnameh with other works," and "character studies of the Shahnameh" have higher frequencies. Compared to previous periods, content and methodological deficiencies in the articles of the second half of the 1380s have decreased, and new perspectives and approaches have emerged, making these articles, especially in the "textual studies of the Shahnameh" section, trendsetters.