Research in Sport Management and Motor Behavior

Providing a Model of the Effect of Emotional Commitment and Continued Commitment on Customers Going to Buy and Support Intention Case Study: Enghelab Sport Complex of Tehran

Ebrahim Alidost Ghahfarokhi

The aim of current study was providing a model of the effect of emotional commitment and continued commitment on customers’ going to buy and Support intention. The statistical population was the whole consumers of Enghelab sport complex of Tehran that based on the number of questions of questionnaires (30 questions) 300 samples were selected. With reviewing the literature of the study, the primary research model was designed and based on that, the questionnaire was made and validity of questionnaire was confirmed by some academic experts and factor analysis. For analyzing the data, was used SEM (Structural equation modeling). The results from the model was shown emotional and continued commitment have effects on going to buy and customers’ support intention. Also, the model has goodness and high fitness and shown that the designed relationships of variables had been logical on research theoretical base. Focus on the result, was suggested to make customers commitment, and should be considered to serving customers and suppliers expectations in line with expectations and beyond their expectations that consequently has increased purchase intention and support customers of Enghelab Sports Complex.

Accreditation the Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Motor Coordination Measuring Instrument

akbar bohloul

Measuring instrument of interpersonal and intrapersonal motor coordination has designed and built to provide information about the human movements’ coordination in reach of researchers, trainers and therapists. To evaluate the validation of this instrument with using of Vienna two hands coordination test and present research instrument were asked 28 participants to do the task of two hands, two feet and interpersonal movement coordination. Pearson correlation test showed that the present research instrument has high validation in motor coordination of two hands in total time mean factor of joystick (r =0/88), knob (r =0/96) and in error percentage mean factor of joystick (r =0/89) and knob (r =0/87). Also the results of Cronbach’s alpha showed that present research instrument has appropriate reliability in motor coordination of two hands in total time mean factor of joystick (r =0/89) and knob (r =0/97) and in error time percentage mean factor of joystick (r =0/81) and knob (r =0/85). Also results indicated acceptable reliability in motor coordination of two feet in total time mean factor of pedals (r =0/90) and in error time percentage mean factor of pedals (r =0/83) and in interpersonal motor coordination in total time mean factor (r =0/91) and in error time percentage mean factor (r =0/80). Therefore using the present study instrument can be offered to sports science laboratories in all higher education institutions, federations and coaches, patients and rehabilitation centers, health and physiotherapy clinics.

Adventure Sports Development Paradigm

Chalak Majidi

In the recent years, adventure sports have been growing increasingly. Adventure sports are new and appealing activities that regularly include some kinds of physical and mental challenges and relative presence of natural environment. These activities are presenting new paths and sometime they called as a serious competitor for mainstream sport. The aim of this study was to present a paradigm for adventure sports development. The qualitative methodology used in this study has followed an interpretive approach that was achieved by grounded theory. Data was collected from literature, interviews, focus groups, adventure sports related documentary films and movies. Results of this study are presenting adventure sports paradigm. In this paradigm developmental causal conditions of adventure sports, contexture of adventure sports, existing intervening conditions and contextual conditions, strategies and tactics for developing adventure sports and finally consequences. To appropriate recognition and encountering with this field, that most probably will be one of the main part of sport, we suggest doing more scientific research, especially with futurology approaches.

Place Research and Return to Sport: An Analysis of the Aesthetic Role and the Tendency of Customers to Sport

Vahid Saatchian

The present study investigates the role of aesthetic dimensions of the place and the tendency of costumers to the sport in physical fitness and aerobics clubs in Mashhad. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population consisted of customers of Mashhad fitness and aerobics clubs. Considering correlational studies, 250 persons were selected (randomly) as the samples. Then two questionnaires of Soleimani's Aesthetic Dimensions (2012) and Gil's Sport Participation Motivation Questionnaire (1983) were used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were 0.71 and 0.82, respectively. The results showed that the most important aesthetic component of "color" is in the first priority and the "environment" component is in the last priority. In terms of forecasting the tendency of customers to sports, It can be said that 43% of the changes in tendency to sports is related to aesthetic variable (P<0.05). The dimensions of aesthetics can have a positive and significant effect equal to 0.77 on tendency to sports. Considering the changing of today's customer’s attitude regarding the use of equipped and modern sports spaces with exclusive spaces and modern style, applying aesthetic dimensions can be useful for customer satisfaction, assurance of their loyalty, as well as the tendency of people to sports and sports clubs.

Cause-related Sport Marketing: Clarifying the Role of Sport Fans' Attitude

Sepideh Masomi

Focus of cause-related marketing efforts in the sports industry is related to the intangible nature of sport Business and the high degree of fans' willingness to charity programs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of sport fans' attitude in cause-related sport marketing. Survey of this study was the members of the Supporters' Association of Persepolis's and Esteghlal's clubs. And the questioner is sent them through Social Networks. In this study, simple random sampling was used and since the Statistical Society in this study was unlimited, Cochran formula was used to estimate the sample size. To analyze the data, structural equation method with Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach is used. Based on the results, both fans attitude toward cause-related sport marketing and fans attitude toward sport team has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention of sport product and re-attention intention. According to the finding, when fans have a positive attitude toward the team and sport charity program, cause/brand fit lead to purchase intention and re-attention intention.

Effect Feedback after Good and Poor Trials on learning and Error Detection Ability Children in Dart Throwing Skill

Ali Abaszadeh

Augmented feedback is information that guidance performance to direction correct response and has critical role in motor skill learning. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of knowledge of results, after good and poor trials on learning and error estimation capability in children.32 elementary students (Mean age 10/4, SD ± 0/9) that all novice and no experience in dart skill participated in this research and randomly divided in two groups (good and poor feedback groups). Participants’ in acquisition phase exercise dart skill at 10 blacks (6-trial) and received knowledge of resulting feedback on 3 attempts in each block, also in all their trials on the acquisition and retention had error estimation. Multiplex Analysis of variance test (2*2) with repeated measures, independent t test and Multiple Analysis of variance test used to data analysis (α=0.05). There were significant difference between two groups in performance and error estimation in practice phase (p=0/001). Also, the good feedback group showed learning and error detection capability advantages on a delayed retention test (p=0/001). These results demonstrated that learning and error detection capability are facilitated if feedback is presented after good rather than poor trials.

[M1]چکیده انگلیسی بر اساس چکیده فارسی دوباره نویسی شده است.

The Effects of the Learning Model, Skilled Model, and Positive Self-review on the Learning of Front Crawl Swimming in Children

Majid Razavinia

One of the main goals of the mission of experts motor learning is maximize the quality of learning experiences and optimize the educational environment .The purpose of this study was focusing on the effects of learning model, skilled model and positive self-review crawl on learning in children aged 9 to 11 years in Alborz Province. Participants of the random and available samples divided into different groups. Thus, Participants of all groups practiced three time in a week which have 20 attempt to practice in every session and totally all the crawl swimming exercises were finished at 12 session. at the end of the twelfth session acquisition test and a week after the end of the last session retention and transfer tests were taken. The dependent variable was the quality of Participants which was performed by swimming instructor-notch swimming using crawl skills assessment Czech list. The results indicate the advantage of the three types of model crawl performance and significant difference between groups in the acquisition, retention and transfer test) p<0/05(.Also, positive self-review and learning model groups was considerably better than skilled model and control group in Acquisition test. Furthermore, skilled model group scores are really higher than the control group. Positive self-review groups had the best performance in the retention and transfer tests in comparison with the other groups (learning model, skilled model and control). After that, learning model group was more effective than the rest of them (skilled model and Control groups). Finally, control groups had lowest performance among all mentioned groups

The Effect of Feedback based on Inherent and Incremental Ability Theories on Dynamic Balance in Middle-aged Women

Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of inherent and incremental ability theories feedback on dynamic balance in middle-aged women. 29 middle-aged women (age: 50-60) randomly assigned into two groups (inherent ability= 15 subjects, and incremental ability= 14 subjects). Both groups after the dynamic balance pretest (Timed Up and Go) received different instructions feedback. Immediate retention test at the end of sessions and delayed retention test was a day later. The transfer test conducted by cognitive and manual task. All tests performed on three stages and the score was recorded average each. The Mixed analysis of variance not significant difference between two feedbacks in dynamic balance (P= 0.249). In addition, analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the dynamic balance in middle-aged women affected by both the inherent ability-based feedback (P= 0.0005) and incremental ability-based feedback (P=0.000003).

The Effect of Enhanced Expectancies on Performance and learning Golf Putting with an Emphasis on Self-efficacy and Perception Competence

Zhaleh bagherli

Sport psychology and its role is important effect on successful in physical education. One of following a field of sport psychology that affects performance, is self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of raising expected impact on performance and learning with an emphasis on self-efficacy and competence Put Golf is perceived. In terms of content this study was applicable. The experimental design was pretest-posttest with two large and small target groups. For this purpose, a sample of 34 students were divided into two groups (n=17), participated in this study. Students perform 5 blocks efforts in the pre-test, then the acquisition phase which contains 5 blocks of 10 trials and then the retention and transfer was performed in 12 attempts. After checking the normality of the data, independent t- test and analysis of variance (repeated measure ANOVA) was used. The findings of this study showed that learning putting golf balls between large and small target groups significantly different (p<0.05), But there isn’t significant difference between the two groups in efficacy and perceived competence. The results showed that enhanced expectancies significant impact on learning motor skills of golf putting golf in the retention and transfer test, while enhanced expectancies had no significant effect on self-efficacy and perceived competence.

Comparison Effect of Quiet Eye and Quiet Mind Training on learning of Dart Throws Skill

Ebrahim Norouzi

The aim of present study is to investigate effect of the quiet eye and quiet mind training on the dart throw learning. Thirty young males were selected with 24.53 mean aged through convenience sampling and randomly divided into quiet eye group, quiet mind group and control group. The study was conducted in four phases, including: Pre-test, training in quiet eye and quiet mind training, retention 1, under pressure test and retention 2. Descriptive statistics, Mixed ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni correction were used to data analyze. The results of the study showed that radial error of all groups dwindled as the result of training. Moreover, the radial error of quiet group was lower than other groups and that of quiet mind group was lower control group. Likewise, quiet eye and mind groups were capable of maintaing their performance in the under-pressure test rather than control group. The results of this study suggest that quiet mind and quiet eye training would be beneficial as a tool to prime impilicit learning conditions.

Comparison of Orientations to Activities on Exercise Self-efficacy and Indices of Well-being among Physically-motion Disables

Behzad Behzadnia

This study examined the comparison of exercise self-efficacy and indices of well-being based on different orientations to activities among physically-motion disables and veterans. 123 physically-motion disables and veterans filled the questionnaires of exercise self-efficacy, hedonia and eudemonia motives for activities, positive and negative affect and subjective vitality.The results showed that only eudemonia motive positively associated with positive affect and vitality. Exercise self-efficacy positively associated with eudemonic well-being. There were significant differences between different orientation to activities on positive affect and vitality. People whose lives were high in eudemonia had higher degrees of positive affect and vitality than people whose lives in the lower degree of both hedonia and eudemonia (empty life). Also, people whose lives were in both high eudemonia and hedonia (full life) had the higher degree of positive affect than people whose lives in empty life.The finding show of crucial role of eudemonia on well-being among physically-motion disables and veterans, and the combination of hedonia and eudemonia may be associated with optimal well-being.

the Consequences of Toxic Leadership in Sport Teams: Mediation Role of Unit Civility

Seyed Abbas Ebrahimi

In recent years, leadership studies have been expanded and new leadership models have been presented by scholars that one of these models is toxic leadership. Contrary to positivist leadership styles, toxic leadership emphasizes the negative aspects of a leader. The popularity of the dark leadership vision has led to the development of a toxic leadership model. The present study seeks to investigate the consequences of toxic leadership with an emphasis on mediation role of unit civility. This is a applied and descriptive study and has been performed by survey method. For this purpose, a sample of 210 sports athletes in Semnan were randomly selected. Data were collected with questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling in Smart-Pls software. Findings show that, toxic leadership has a significant relationship with organizational cynicism and Intention to Leave. There was a negative and significant relationship between toxic leadership, organizational trust and unit civility. In addition, the unit civility has a negative and significant relationship with organizational cynicism and Intention to Leave. Also, there was a significant relationship between unit civility and organizational trust.