Hossein Alimohammadi, Javad Adabi Firouzjah, Tahereh Gholami, Samira Akbari,
Volume 14, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the environmentally friendly behavior of active sports tourists in Bushehr. The sample included 102 tourists who completed the research questionnaire. The research tools were questionnaires of compliance with the environment, environmental policy, environmental inclination and word-of-mouth advertising by Kontojiani and Kotoris (2014). Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used in PLS3 software for data analysis. The results showed that the environmental compatibility of the services of sports recreation centers has a significant effect on the word-of-mouth advertising of tourists, and the friendly policy of protecting the environment among tourists has a significant effect on their willingness to preserve and care for the environment. The desire to preserve the environment was not causally related to word of mouth. The compliance of sports tourism service centers with environmental protection indicators did not have a significant effect on the desire to protect the environment, and therefore sports tourists who have an environmentally friendly policy show their desire to protect the environment in any situation. Based on the results, it is suggested that various training courses and programs be held for sports tourists in order to familiarize themselves with environmental issues and to improve their environmental practices and attitudes.
Hormatosadat Borhani, Mohammad Hami, Vahid Shojaei,
Volume 14, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
The present study aimed to comprehensively elucidate and identify the entrepreneurial and goal-oriented strategies of sports startups entering both domestic and international markets. The research employed a qualitative method, falling under the category of exploratory studies in terms of objectives, foundational and applied research regarding outcomes, and was grounded in the postmodernism paradigm. The research population comprised experts in marketing, sports management, and successful entrepreneurs with experience in launching sports startups. Purposeful sampling was employed for participant selection. To construct the initial research tool, the researcher, after reviewing relevant studies on sports startups, developed a semi-structured questionnaire for in-depth interviews with experts. The research strategy followed a phenomenological approach, and data analysis was conducted using MaxQDA software, version 20. The results of the data analysis unveiled eight key concepts within the entrepreneurial strategies section, pertaining to the entry of sports startups into domestic and international markets. These concepts encompass partners, stakeholders and customers, tolerable loss, flexibility and adaptability, experiences, uncertainty, service quality, available financial resources, and operational strategies. These concepts were derived from the interviews, contributing to theoretical saturation. Furthermore, in the section on goal-oriented strategies, five concepts were identified: exports, communications, market strategies, market research, and risk management.
Mohadeseh Sadeghi, Mohammadreza Moradi, Morteza Hatefi,
Volume 14, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
The aim of this research was to identify and prioritize the criteria for selecting youth basketball coaches using the DEMATEL technique and network analysis in fuzzy conditions. The statistical population consisted of 10 university experts with experience in coaching youth basketball teams or relevant education in sports human resource management. Initially, criteria for selecting youth basketball coaches were identified through library studies and expert interviews. After identifying the criteria, the DEMATEL method was employed to clarify the internal relationships among them. Subsequently, a questionnaire was used to determine the importance of each criterion through the Analytic Network Process (ANP).
The results indicated that among the main factors, technical and legal competence, psychological and communicative skills, and willingness to grow and excel held higher importance. In terms of sub-criteria, holding a coaching card, participating in special coaching courses, and mastery of growth psychology concepts were prioritized. Ultimately, all identified criteria significantly influence the selection of youth basketball coaches. Therefore, it is essential for managers to consider these criteria when choosing coaches for youth teams. This research provides a structured approach to enhance the coach selection process, ensuring that qualified individuals lead youth basketball programs effectively.
Faezeh Zamanian, Majid Vesalinaseh,
Volume 14, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
Attempting to enact both feminine and masculine gender-role norms may cause to some psychological and physical problems. This issue is concerned as gender-role conflict phenomenon in female athletes. However, research findings did not support sufficiently this notion. The purpose of this study was to explore the gender-role norms in the context of soccer and experience of gender-role conflict as women who participate in a traditional masculine sport such as soccer. 15 women soccer players between the age of 19 and 32 years old on Iranian super league were interviewed. The results indicated that women soccer players perceived numerous discrepant gender-role norms in the context of soccer. Also, it was explored three different types of gender-role conflict. Participants used various strategies to manege and coping with the gender role conflict. Overall, it is not an intense internal state of conflict, and applying some of those strategies can help them avoiding conflict.
Majid Bahrami, Mina Mostahfezian, Mahnaz Marvi Esfahani,
Volume 14, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
As a developing sport in Iran, kabaddi has seen a lot of progress, but at the same time, challenges may still affect its future, especially since there is limited understanding about its possible future and the ways in which there is a corresponding future to be traversed. In this study, a multi-stakeholder scenario planning was used to develop future scenarios of Iran's Kabaddi sports, using stakeholders' points of view on the trends and critical uncertainties that may shape the future of Kabaddi sports to create action-oriented strategies. The participants of the present study included 28 domestic and foreign beneficiaries of Iran's Kabaddi sports, who were selected based on targeted sampling. Data was collected through interviews and open questionnaires. Data analysis was done with the six-step model of combined scenario planning of Lipzig and Rollandberger. The findings and analysis of 29 main factors obtained led to the production of two key uncertainties and four scenarios with titles of champion, super league, active lifestyle and always loser. In order to develop Kabaddi sports in Iran, there should be a transformation in the structure of the process with the aim of institutionalizing Kabaddi sports in geographical dimensions with a professional and universal approach.
Hossein Zareian, Zohre Rezaei, Fatemhe Saeidi, Sohrab Hemati,
Volume 15, Issue 29 (4-2025)
Abstract
Aim: The outbreak of Covid-19 disease has had several effects on the sports industry in general and championship and professional sports in particular. One of these effects was the one-year postponement of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics as the world's largest sporting event. The main question of the present study was whether the postponement of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics is an opportunity or a threat for our country's sports caravan?
Methodology: Grounded theory qualitative research method was used. The results indicate that a total of 92 independent initial marks were generated in the extracted codes.
Findings: Opportunity codes include 6 items (maintaining the health of athletes and people, increasing fitness, earning quotas, improving injuries, coherent planning, increasing youth experience) and also codes identifying threats of postponement of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics include 8 items (physical and mental injuries, disorder). In the training program, there was a decrease in the level of performance, athletes' injuries, athletes' retirement, uncertainty of quotas, coaches' contracts, financial difficulties).
Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, although the one-year postponement of the Olympic Games due to the spread of the Corona virus was an opportunity for the athletes to gain more experience, heal the injured and increase the chances of getting a quota for the Iranian sports caravan, However, the use of these opportunities in the circumstances of the crisis depends on the written planning of the country's officials and sports officials so that they can increase the chance of winning medals for our country's athletes and improve the status of the Iranian caravan.
Marziyeh Azadegan, Ghasem Rahimi Sarshabadarani, Rasoul Nazari,
Volume 15, Issue 29 (4-2025)
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this foresight of Iran's educational sports with a balanced scorecard approach was in the horizon of 2035. The current research was of mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) and its design was of sequential exploratory type.
Methods: The participants of this research were educational sports experts. The sampling method was snowball and based on theoretical saturation, 12 people were selected. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data and Lincoln & Guba (1985) criteria were used for its audit, which included validity, transferability, reliability and verifiability. In order to analyze the data in the interview analysis section, the coding method was used, the fuzzy Delphi method was used to screen the indicators and the structural analysis and scenario writing method was used in the future research section.
Result: By analyzing the interviews, 150 effective factors on the future of Iran's educational sports were identified based on the balanced scorecard, and by combining the primary codes in the secondary coding stage, these factors were reduced to 105. Then, in the axial coding stage, 18 subcategories based on 6 aspects of the balanced scorecard were formed by aggregating the final concepts adapted from the interview text, and the results of the Delphi analysis showed that the calculated factors correctly explain the desired phenomenon. Finally, based on the findings, 4 key drivers of efficient management, increase in audience satisfaction, development of information capital, and socialization of educational sports were obtained, which are the basis of the two main scenarios of transformation and fruitless willfulness.
Conclusion: As a result, it is suggested that in order to develop educational sports in Iran, synergy and efficient management, increase audience satisfaction, development of information resources, and socialization of educational sports should be implemented.
Hiwa Bahramfard, Ghodratallah Bagheri, Asadullah Kordnaeij, Ali Saberi,
Volume 15, Issue 29 (4-2025)
Abstract
Introduction and Purpose: Given the rapid pace of technological changes, any business that fails to adapt to environmental changes will undoubtedly fall behind in the competition. Therefore, in order to take advantage of emerging opportunities, entrepreneurs must make decisions in the shortest possible time. This makes entrepreneurial decision-making more complex and challenging. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate opportunity exploitation decisions with an emphasis on the role of entrepreneurial personality in sports businesses.
Methodology: This research employed a mixed-methods approach and is classified as developmental-applied in terms of its objective. In the first step, through meta-synthesis of 32 scholarly articles, 36 indicators were identified. In the second step, using thematic analysis of interviews with academic experts, 36 indicators were extracted, of which 27 were confirmed through the Delphi method. In the third step, narrative inquiry was used to explore the lived experiences of six entrepreneurial leaders in the field of sports, leading to the identification of 34 themes.
Findings: Based on the results, after integrating the three stages, 44 indicators were classified into seven dimensions. The validity and appropriateness of these dimensions were confirmed using the t-test and the four criteria of coherence, comprehensibility, generalizability, and control.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that entrepreneurial personality significantly contributes to improving decision-making regarding opportunity exploitation in sports and reducing environmental risk. This is achieved through the development of seven key roles: self-efficacy, autonomy, risk-taking, personal traits, creativity, perseverance, entrepreneurial networking, and entrepreneurial skills and experience.
Seyed Ahmad Nejadsajadi, Seyed Jalil Miryousefi, Hossein Bakhshandeh,
Volume 15, Issue 29 (4-2025)
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the customer relationship management dimensions in promoting public sports from the perspective of sports managers in Kerman.
Methods: The research method is descriptive correlation and the statistical. The population of this study included all managers of clubs and sports organizations in Kerman city, that 150 persons selected by full number method. For data gathering, the questionnaires of the customer relationship management and the public sports are used. In order to analyze the data obtained for the research variables, the structural equation modeling the Smart PLS software is used.
Result: Findings indicated that three dimensions of customer relationship management namely Customer focus, relationship management and knowledge management has a direct and significant impact on promotion of public sports.
Conclusion: According to the research results, it can be concluded that all managers of clubs and sports organizations governmental and nongovernmental need to do their utmost In order to communicate with the customer to encourage community participation and promote in public sports.
Mohadeseh Kalooti, Ali Fahiminejad, Bagher Morsal, Hooman Bahmanpour,
Volume 15, Issue 29 (4-2025)
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this research is to measure and model the release of carbon monoxide pollutant in the surrounding space of Azadi Stadium in Tehran during sports competitions.
Methods: Basic data were obtained by laboratory measurements and inquiries from specialized centers. Modeling was done by Austal View software, Version 7 and under four scenarios. The prediction of pollutant concentration was simulated at a height of 5 meters. The modeling area was considered a circle with a radius of 1 km from the center of the site. The resulting data were compared with national and international standards. The initial concentration of the pollutant in the hot and cold seasons of the year was 1.432 ppm and 2.331 ppm, respectively.
Result: The amount of pollutant emission for the state of "completion of parking capacity" and "semi-complete state" was 81.45 and 37.5 kg, respectively. Zoning maps showed that in all four scenarios, the highest amount of emission was in the east direction. The highest amount of carbon monoxide production and emission is related to the first scenario (completion of the parking capacity and the cold season of the year) and the lowest amount of carbon monoxide pollutant emission is under the fourth scenario (failure to complete the parking capacity and in the warm season of the year). Although the condition of this pollutant in Tehran's Azadi sports complex and during sports competitions has not exceeded the standard.
Conclusion: By using management and engineering solutions such as: not keeping lights on in place, using exhaust filters, properly designing the parking space and reducing the duration of stopping, it is possible to avoid the production and release of a large part of pollutants.
Zahra Fazli, Masoumeh Majidiparast, Ali Asghari Sarem, Mohammad Jalilvand,
Volume 15, Issue 29 (4-2025)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the current research was to provide a work-life balance model for working women with an emphasis on improving the quality of free time.
Methods: The current research was interpretative, applied and qualitative based on thematic analysis method. The statistical population was sports management professors and leisure experts, 17 of them were interviewed using the snowball method and considering information saturation. The measurement tool included a semi-structured interview and data were analyzed according to the six stages of thematic analysis.
Result: The results showed that the work-life balance model for working women with an emphasis on improving the quality of leisure time has three dimensions of effective factors (cultural factors, inhibiting factors, motivational factors, facilities and equipment, Consciousness, the characteristics of physical activities in the leisure time program, financial issues and management issues), strategies (educational, managerial and financial strategies) and consequences (increasing vitality, increasing health, economic development and sustainable socio-cultural development).
Conclusion: Leisure time managers should pay attention to educational and management issues and by privatization, proper budget allocation and incentive packages, they should contribute to the prosperity of free time as much as possible and to balance the work and life issues of working women.
Masoumeh Dehghan, Chalak Majidi,
Volume 15, Issue 29 (4-2025)
Abstract
Aim: The study aims to examine and compare the motivations for watching esports among Generations X, Y, and Z, highlighting generational differences and similarities in engagement with competitive gaming content. Understanding these motivations can provide valuable insights for esports marketers, organizers, and content creators to tailor experiences and communication strategies effectively.
Method: A quantitative approach was adopted. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling through online esports communities, social media platforms, and gaming forums. Data collection employed a structured questionnaire measuring various motivational factors, including entertainment, social interaction, competition, skill development, and escapism. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and post-hoc tests to identify significant differences across generations.
Results: Generation Z exhibited higher scores for social interaction, escapism, and skill development, reflecting their digital nativity and integrated online social networks. Generation Y showed balanced motivation, emphasizing entertainment and competition, while Generation X primarily focused on competition and entertainment, with relatively lower social and escapism motivations. ANOVA results confirmed significant differences in motivational dimensions across generational cohorts, particularly in social interaction and escapism (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analyses further indicated that Generation Z significantly differed from Generations X and Y in these dimensions, whereas Generations X and Y did not differ significantly from each other in entertainment and competition motivations.
Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of generational segmentation in understanding esports audiences. Marketers and organizers should design differentiated content and engagement strategies to address generational preferences. Generation Z may respond best to interactive and socially connected esports experiences, while older generations may prioritize competitive and entertainment-oriented content.
Hojjat Mardaneh Taleshmekaiel, Fariba Askarian, Hosein Akbari Yazdi,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
Majid Yazdanpanah, Hossein Akbari Yazdi, Alireza Elahi,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
Purpose: Developing the Strategy Map and Prioritizing the Strategies of Developing Sports at National Iranian Gas Company throughISM and AHP approaches
Methodology: The present study has used a mixed methods approach (qualitative and quantitative), and it is an applied-developmental study in terms of purpose. Nine personswere selected as the members of the strategic council. The upstream documents, literaturereview and ideas of the members of strategic council were examined. The questionnaireswere distributed among the selected expertsand the data were collected after the confirmation of the questionnaire validity by university professors. At first, the experts determined the strategies of the company, through AHP method, resulting from the studies of strategic planning committee of the mentioned organization in terms of the mutual impacts, thenISM method was employed to identify the important relationships in developing the strategy map.
Findings: Sports strategy map is divided into five levels and the strategies for developing thehealth-basedplans and activities, enhancing the mutual interactions with the sports organizations and boosting the sports motivations and culture have been placedon the first level.
Conclusion: the results of AHP analysis employed to prioritize the strategies showed that the development of health-based sports activities, promotion of position and structure of sports affairs and boosting the sports motivations and culture are the three first sports strategies pursued by National Iranian Gas Company.
Keywords: Strategy, Strategic Map, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Interpretative Structural Model (ISM)
Neda Karimi, Alireza Elahi, Hossein Akbari Yazdi,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of mediator of overall and emotional satisfaction in the relationship between perceived value and behavioral intentions of spectators in the Premier League. This is an applied and correlational study with structural equation modeling approach.The statistical population consist of the spectators present at Azadi Stadium (96-97). A sample of 383 people was selected through Non-random voluntary sampling. For data collection, a standard questionnaire was used. SPSS and Smart PLS softwares were used for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that Perceived value indirectly has a significant relationship with emotional satisfaction on behavioral intentions and according to the VAF index, it can be concluded that emotional satisfaction has a %48 mediator role between perceived value and spectator’s behavioral intention. While the mediator role of overall satisfaction in relation between perceived value and behavioral intentions of spectators is not significant. The findings imply that emotional satisfaction plays an important role in shaping the behavioral intentions of the spectators, and that sport authorities and marketers can by appropriate planning, implement emotion-making agents for the satisfaction of the spectators. in order to reinforce the behavioral intention.
Hamid Roodbari, Hadi Tabatabaei, Soleiman Abdolahi, Hossein Akbari Yazdi,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between team identity and spectator flow with the atmosphere of the stadium and spectator loyalty. The research method is causal communication and the survey method is survey. The statistical population of the present study consists of 40,000 football spectators present at Azadi Stadium in the football match between Persepolis and Esteghlal Khuzestan in the 2017-2018 season. 384 of them were selected as the statistical sample of the study and the questionnaires were distributed among them as a non-random-voluntary sample. The research tools included James and Ross’s Team Identity Adjusted Questionnaire (2002), Csikszentmihalyi’s Stream Questionnaire (1990), Uhrich and Benkenstein’s Stadium Atmosphere Questionnaire (2012), and Mahoney et al.’s Spectators Loyalty Inventory (2000). The descriptive statistics and path analysis method were used in PLS software to analyze the data. The results showed that team identity and spectator flow with a path coefficient of 0.580 and 0.386, have a significant effect on the atmosphere of the stadium and also the three variables of stadium atmosphere, flow and team identity with path coefficients of 0.247, 0.248 and 0.428 have a positive effect on spectator loyalty. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to the managers of clubs and stadiums to pay special attention to team identity and spectator flow in order to increase spectator loyalty and understand the appropriate atmosphere of the stadium.
Mr Koroush Bagheri, Dr. Hossein Akbariyazdi, Dr Alireza Elahi,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
The process of talent identification attempts to guide people who are prone to sports that have the greatest chance of success on the basis of certain tests. This research was conducted with the aim of developing a strategic model of talent identification in Iranian Weightlifting. This study is a qualitative based on grounded theory. The statistical population was experts in power lifting and purposeful sampling method was used. The data gathering tool was deep interview. In this study, qualitative analysis approaches including open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the findings. In addition, all statistical operations were performed using Maxqda software version 12. The findings showed that the strategic model of scouting in weight lifting sports from the strengths and weaknesses of scouting structures, the principles of talent identification, the methods of talent identification, the attributes of methods of scouting, predisposing and deterrent factors of scouting activities, and Scouting goals are formed. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that the facilitators of the scouting process be strengthened more than before. Then it is necessary to benchmark other countries, provide facilities and tools, develop specialized experts in the field of talents and special schools for weight lifting.
Dr Vahid Saatchian, Dr Farideh Hadavi, Dr Hossein Akbari Yazdi, Bahador Azizi,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to provide a model of the underlying causes of the management of the relationship between physical education faculties and sport science and the executive branch of the sports industry. In order to collect information, deep interviews with the elite were conducted on the topic of research. Sampling was conducted purposefully and snowball method. Finally, 18 qualitative interviews were conducted. The findings were analyzed through coding method in three stages: open, axial and selective. The findings revealed 59 effective signs in the relationship management of faculties and the executive branch of the sports industry. These labels were categorized in 14 concepts including knowledge, organizational culture, government look, industrial thinking, scientific thinking, human resources, ethical aspects, trust / mediation unit, parallel management, laws and regulations, Media, capacity building, competitive space and communication management. Finally, the research model emerged from five main categories including culture, marketing, environment, insight, and trans-organization powers. According to the findings of the research, there are some executive strategies that can be used by sports managers in relation to the scientific management of the relationship between sports organizations.
Mr Abdolreza Oboudi, Mr Alireza Elahi, Mr Hossein Akbari Yazdi, Mr Saleh Rafiee,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
In scientific marketing models, attention is the main step in the effectiveness of advertising. That's why, competition over attention to advertisement has been of prime importance for the sponsors and marketers. However, sport marketing research has not yet been able to gain a proper understanding of the factors that influence the viewer's attention to advertising while watching a sport event. Different methods of data collection and using different evaluation tools can also help managers and sponsors make the right decisions. This semi-experimental research has compared the methods of evaluating TV viewers' attention to advertising through sport. For this purpose, 60 targeted sampling in the form of two groups of women (n = 30) and men (n = 30) watched the football match between Esteghlal and Persepolis in a laboratory site. While samples were watching the football match, meantime designed advertisements were presented too, the viewer's eye information was stored by the eye tracker in the form of fixation and duration. In addition, at the end of the test, the participants' attention to advertising was evaluated using an attention questionnaire. Analysis of the findings showed that in evaluation of the viewer's attention to advertising by questionnaire; there is no difference between males and females. But in both of Eye Tracking variables, females paid more attention to advertising than males. Also, the correlation between the results of the questionnaire and the Eye Tracker was not significant. Finally, in order to achieve new results and to develop the advertising industry, as well as identifying the factors affecting the effectiveness of advertising, it is better to use neuromarketing tools as a complement to other methods of data collection (questionnaire, interview, observation).
Ghodsieh Sangtarash, Vahid Saatchian, Javad Mohammadkhani, Mohammad Keshtidar,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was Identifying the mental pattern of experts regarding sustainable revenue generation for sports federations (Karate, Judo, Taekwondo Federations). The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and exploratory analytical in terms of method, and based on the type of operations used, this research is of a mixed type. The statistical population of the research includes professors of sports management, managers of selected federations, and opinionated managers of the National Olympic Committee, who were investigated based on previous experiences using a purposeful sampling method with a snowball approach until the saturation point, in the number of 25 people. In the Delphi phase, the components and sub-components of the research were determined. Then the extracted factors were stratified using Q modeling by using Q factor analysis and SPSS 25 software. The findings showed that the most important revenue generating factors of the selected federations include the provision of non-sports products used by athletes by the federation, sponsors of athletes, income from the World Federation for the development of basic sports, income from participating in world competitions, annual contributions from the World Federation, Incomes from coaching classes, tuition fees for membership in basic teams, annual contributions from the Ministry of Sports, incomes from participating in world competitions. Therefore, it can be concluded that economic activities under the supervision of the federation to provide the products and services needed by athletes and to develop sources of income outside the federation should be included in the agenda of the federations.
