Dr Mahdi Nabavinik, Dr Hamidreza Taheri, Dr Alireza Saberi Kakhki, Dr Hamidreza Saberi Kakhki,
Volume 13, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Massive amount of practice over many years raise the question that handling class of action by generalized motor program may modify over years. The purpose of the present study is to provide evidences to investigate this hypothesis by examining the pattern of co-activation and agonist to antagonist activity ratio. Seven experienced darts players were asked to execute from standard dart distance (fourth distance) and six other farther and nearer distances, making 252 throws. Relatively, the results showed that at least in five from the seven samples, there was a significant difference in muscle co-activation between fourth and six other distances. These findings do not support the existence of a generalized motor program at fourth distance so that performance of elite players met limited generalizability
Yaser Khanjari, Elahe Arab Ameri, Mehdi Shahbazi, Shahzad Tahmasebi, Fariba Bahrami,
Volume 15, Issue 29 (4-2025)
Abstract
Aim: Although much research has been conducted on the concept of motor learning at the performance level, this concept has not been investigated at the level of EMG patterns and the comparison of these patterns in the dominant and non-dominant hand. The aim of this study was to investigate simultaneous changes in EMG pattern during learning dart skill in dominant and non-dominant hands.
Method: The participants of the present study consisted of 10 non-athlete students with a mean age of 23 ± 2.5 years who were randomly selected from the student community of the University of Tehran and divided into two groups of dominant hand (5) and non-dominant hand (5). Repeated measures ANOVA were used to measure data at the dart throwing performance and changes in EMG activity.
Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the absolute error of dart throwing at the performance level and an increase in EMG activity at the muscle level along with a decrease in muscle co-contraction in the acquisition and retention stages in both groups. Also, there was no significant difference between EMG activity in the dominant and non-dominant hand groups after skill acquisition.
Conclusion: Generally, the results of this study showed that along with relatively constant changes in performance during dart skill learning, relatively constant changes in EMG patterns also occur, so that the concept of motor learning is also observed at the muscle level. Also, the results of this study supported the existence of the same motor program for dominant and non-dominant hand control, even in the conditions of bilateral transfer control.
