Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023, 10(3): 101-122 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Hataminejad H, Sadeghi A. Measuring urban resilience against flood risk using a multi-criteria approach (Study case: Areas located on the rivers of Tehran city). Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023; 10 (3) :101-122
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3372-en.html
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3372-en.html
1- Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran , hataminejad@ut.ac.ir
2- Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran
2- Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran
Abstract: (2318 Views)
Measuring urban resilience can help develop appropriate strategies and policies for cities facing unexpected shocks and their consequences. Since urban resilience is a complex concept and difficult to operationalize, developing a technique or method to actualize this concept is a major milestone in understanding the factors and interactions that help create and maintain resilience. Tehran's metropolis has a high concentration of industries, government organizations, services, and facilities, which makes its management very complicated when a natural disaster occurs. Previous conditions or inherent socio-economic characteristics show that Tehran is not immune from flood forces. In fact, it is important to measure resilience against urban disasters for areas located on rivers in Tehran due to its inherent characteristics and spatial-temporal changes of floods in the region. This research focuses on measuring the resilience of the areas located on the rivers of Tehran. The measurement approach is based on creating a composite index based on six dimensions of social, economic, institutional, infrastructure, social capital, and environmental resilience against floods. This research has been done by developing a mixed multi-criteria decision-making method. The AHP model has been used for prioritizing the selected indicators and the TOPSIS model has been used to rank the areas located on the rivers of Tehran city based on their resilience levels. The results show that region 22 is the most resilient region, while regions 4, 5, and 14 have the lowest resilience levels. The findings of this research can help urban planning organizations such as Tehran Research Planning Center to integrate disaster resilience in urban planning and change from reactive plans to preventive urban adaptive strategies such as risk-sensitive urban land use planning.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/03/12 | Accepted: 2023/11/25 | Published: 2023/09/23
Received: 2023/03/12 | Accepted: 2023/11/25 | Published: 2023/09/23
References
1. ابدالی، یعقوب؛ حاتمی نژاد، حسین؛ زنگنه شهرکی، سعید؛ پوراحمد، احمد و سلمانی، محمد. 1401. تحلیل شاخص های تاب‌آوری شهری در برابر مخاطره سیل با رویکرد آینده پژوهی (مورد مطالعه: شهر خرم آباد). فصلنامه آینده پژوهی ایران، 1: 26-1.
2. اسدافروز، آیدا؛ متدین، حشمت اله؛ مثنوی، محمدرضا و منصوری، سیدامیر. 1399. تاب‌آوری محیطی در برابر مخاطرات سیلاب فروردین 1398 در شهر شیراز با رویکرد منظر، تئوری سیستم‌ها و مدل DPSIR. فصلنامه مخاطرات محیطی، 7: 55-75.
3. بهرامی، فرشاد؛ آل هاشمی، آیدا و متدین، حشمت اله. 1398. رودخانه‌های شهری و تفکر تاب‌آوری در برابر آشوب سیل، برنامه‌ریزی تاب‌آور رودخانۀ کن. فصلنامه منظر، 11: 73-60.
4. زیاری، کرامت اله؛ ابراهیمی پور، مرضیه؛ پورجعفر، محمدرضا و صالحی، اسماعیل. 1399. تبیین راهبردهای افزایش تاب‌آوری کالبدی در برابر سیلاب مطالعه موردی: رودخانه چشمه کیله شهر تنکابن. فصلنامه شهر پایدار، 3: 105-89.
5. مرکز آمار ایران. 1395. منتخب یافته های سرشماری جمعیت کشور و نفوس مسکن سال 1395. تهران.
6. Ainuddin, S., & Routray, J. K. 2012. Community resilience framework for an earthquake prone area in Baluchistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2, 25-36.
7. Allan, P., & Bryant, M. 2010. The critical role of open space in earthquake recovery: a case study. In EN: Proceedings of the 2010 NZSEE Conference (2010, Nueva Zelandia) (pp. 1-10).
8. Aqbelaghi, A. S., Ghorbani, M., Farhadi, E., & Shafiee, H. 2018. Environmental approach in modelling of urban growth: Tehran City, Iran. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 15: 47-56.
9. Asadzadeh, A., Kötter, T., Salehi, P., & Birkmann, J. 2017. Operationalizing a concept: The systematic review of composite indicator building for measuring community disaster resilience. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 25: 147-162.
10. Bexell, M., & Jönsson, K. 2017. Responsibility and the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. In Forum for development studies, 1: 13-29.
11. Birkmann, J., Wenzel, F., Greiving, S., Garschagen, M., Vallée, D., Nowak, W., … Mitchell, J. K. 2016. Extreme Events, Critical Infrastructures, Human Vulnerability and Strategic Planning: Emerging Research Issues. Journal of Extreme Events, 4: 1650017.
12. Blaauw, S. A., & Maina, J. W. 2021. Life Cycle Inventory for Pavements-A Case Study of South Africa. Transportation Engineering, 3: 100049.
13. Blaauw, S. A., Maina, J. W., & Grobler, L. J. 2021. Social life cycle inventory for pavements–a case study of South Africa. Transportation Engineering, 4: 100060.
14. Blaauw, S. A., Maina, J. W., Mturi, G. A., & Visser, A. T. 2022. Flexible pavement performance and life cycle assessment incorporating climate change impacts. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 104: 103203.
15. Buckle, P., Mars, G., & Smale, S. 2000. New approaches to assessing vulnerability and resilience. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, The, 2: 8-14.
16. Burton, C. G. 2012. The Development of Metrics for Community Resilience to Natural Disasters. Diss. University of South Carolina.
17. C40 cities baseline and opportunities, http://issuu.com/c40cities/docs/c40_climate_action_in_megacities, (2014).
18. Chen, F. H., Hsu, T. S., & Tzeng, G. H. 2011. A balanced scorecard approach to establish a performance evaluation and relationship model for hot spring hotels based on a hybrid MCDM model combining DEMATEL and ANP. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 4: 908-932.
19. Chiu, W. Y., Tzeng, G. H., & Li, H. L. 2013. A new hybrid MCDM model combining DANP with VIKOR to improve e-store business. Knowledge-Based Systems, 37: 48-61.
20. Cimellaro, G. P., Renschler, C., Reinhorn, A. M., & Arendt, L. 2016. PEOPLES: A Framework for Evaluating Resilience. Journal of Structural Engineering, 10: 1-37
21. Cutter, S. L. 2015. The landscape of disaster resilience indicators in the USA. Natural Hazards, 2: 741–758.
22. Cutter, S. L., Ash, K. D., & Emrich, C. T. 2014. The geographies of community disaster resilience. Global Environmental Change, 29: 65–77.
23. Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., & Webb, J. 2008. A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 4: 598–606.
24. Cutter, S. L., Burton, C. G., & Emrich, C. T. 2010. Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions. Journal of homeland security and emergency management, 1: 1-22
25. Da Silva, J., & Braulio, M. 2014. City resilience index: City resilience framework. London, UK: Ove Arup & Partners International.
26. Francis, R., & Bekera, B. (2014). A metric and frameworks for resilience analysis of engineered and infrastructure systems. Reliability engineering & system safety, 121: 90-103.
27. Habitat, U. N. 2017. Trends in urban resilience. City Resilience Profiling Programme. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Human Settlements Programme. Recovered from es. unhabitat. org.
28. Holling, C. S., & Gunderson, L. H. 2002. Resilience and adaptive cycles. In: Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems, 1: 25-62.
29. Hwang, C. L., & Yoon, K. (1995). Methods for multiple attribute decision making. In Multiple attribute decision making. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
30. IFRC, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2016. http://www.ifrc.org/, Accessed date: 20 September 2004.
31. Ju, Y., Wang, A., & You, T. 2015. Emergency alternative evaluation and selection based on ANP, DEMATEL, and TL-TOPSIS. Natural Hazards, 2: 347-379.
32. Liao, K. H. 2012. A theory on urban resilience to floods—a basis for alternative planning practices. Ecology and society, 4: 1-15.
33. Matyas, D., & Pelling, M. 2015. Positioning resilience for 2015: the role of resistance, incremental adjustment and transformation in disaster risk management policy. Disasters, 1: 1-18.
34. Mayunga, J. S. 2007. Understanding and applying the concept of community disaster resilience: a capital-based approach. Summer academy for social vulnerability and resilience building, 1: 1-16.
35. Mayunga, J. S. 2009. Measuring the measure: A multi-dimensional scale model to measure community disaster resilience in the US Gulf Coast region. Texas A&M University.
36. Meerow, S., & Newell, J. P. 2016. Urban resilience for whom, what, when, where, and why? Urban Geography, 3: 1–21.
37. Meerow, S., Newell, J. P., & Stults, M. 2016. Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 147: 38–49.
38. Pede, E. 2020. Planning for Resilience: New Paths for Managing Uncertainty. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
39. Poku-Boansi, M., & Cobbinah, P. B. 2018. Are we planning for resilient cities in Ghana? An analysis of policy and planners’ perspectives. Cities, 72: 252–260.
40. Prasad, N., & Ranghieri, F. 2008. Climate Resilient Cities: A Primer on Reducing Vulnerabilities to Climate Change Impacts and Strengthening Disaster Risk Management in East Asian Cities. Policy Paper. https://doi. org/10.1596/978-0-8213-7766-6.
41. Prieto Velandia, J. A. 2022. Risk-based resource allocation for management and pandemic response: The COVID-19 Case in Bogotá, Colombia.
42. PWC. (2013). World in 2050. Long-Term Growth Projections. PWC.
43. Resilience, B. U. 2016. Principles, Tools and Practice. Washington: The World Bank. [DOI:10.1596/978-0-8213-8865-5.]
44. Rockefeller Foundation. 2019. 100 Resilient Cities Initiative. Available online: http://www.100resilientcities.org (accessed on 25 February 2019).
45. Rockefeller, A. 2014. Rockefeller: City Resilience Index, Rockefeller Foundation and Arup Development Group, 2014.
46. Rockefeller, ARUP, City Resilience Index. 2015. https://assets. rockefellerfoundation.org/app/uploads/20160201132303/CRI-Revised-Booklet1. Pdf
47. Rodríguez, M. I., Cuevas, M. M., Huertas, F., Martínez, G., & Moreno, B. 2015. Indicators to evaluate water sensitive urban design in urban planning. WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, 168: 371-382.
48. Ruan, J., Chen, Y., & Yang, Z. 2021. Assessment of temporal and spatial progress of urban resilience in Guangzhou under rainstorm scenarios. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 66: 102578.
49. Saemian, S. 2013. Adaptation strategies to impacts of climate change and variability on tehran water supply in 2021: an application of a decision support system (DSS) to compare adaptation strategies.
50. Safdari Molan, A., Farhadi, E., Saganeiti, L., & Murgante, B. 2021. Border Tourism Development Strategies in Kaleybar Compared to Regional Rivals. Sustainability, 20: 11400.
51. Schipper, E. L. F., & Langston, L. 2015. A comparative overview of resilience measurement frameworks. Analyzing Indicators and Approaches; Overseas Development Institute: London, UK, 422. [DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.2430.0882.]
52. Seifolddini, F., & Mansourian, H. 2014. Spatial-temporal pattern of urban growth in Tehran Megapole. Journal of Geography and Geology, 1: 1-70.
53. Serre, D., & Heinzlef, C. 2018. Assessing and mapping urban resilience to floods with respect to cascading effects through critical infrastructure networks. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 30: 235-243.
54. Sharifi, A. 2016. A critical review of selected tools for assessing community resilience. Ecological Indicators, 69: 629–647.
55. Sharifi, A., & Yamagata, Y. 2014. Resilient Urban Planning: Major Principles and Criteria. Energy Procedia, 61: 1491–1495.
56. Sun, R., Shi, S., Reheman, Y., & Li, S. 2022. Measurement of urban flood resilience using a quantitative model based on the correlation of vulnerability and resilience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 82: 103344.
57. Swiss, R. E. 2014. Mind the risk: A global ranking of cities under threat from natural disasters. http://media. swissre.com/documents/Swiss_Re_Mind_the_risk.pdf.
58. Thor, J., Ding, S. H., & Kamaruddin, S. 2013. Comparison of multi criteria decision making methods from the maintenance alternative selection perspective. The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 6: 27-34.
59. Tobin, G. A. 1999. Sustainability and community resilience: the holy grail of hazards planning. Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 1: 13-25.
60. UN (United Nations). 2015a. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, doi: A/CONF.224/CRP.1.
61. UN (United Nations). 2015b. Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/sustainable-development/SDGs/ index_en.htm.
62. UN/ISDR. 2004. Living with Risk—A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives, Inter-Agency Secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Available online: http://www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/bd-lwr-2004-eng.htm.
63. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2006. Disaster Risk Management Profile Tehran, Iran, https://www.alnap.org/system/files/content/resource/files/ main/cp-tehran-july2006.pdf.
64. UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund). 2014. Internal Migration and Urbanization in I. R. Iran. http://iran.unfpa.org/Four-Reports-English/Internal Migration and Urbanization in I.R. Iran.pdf.
65. UNISDR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction). 2009. UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. doi:978-600-6937-11-3.
66. UNSD (United Nations Statistics Division). 2017. World Statistics Pocketbook, http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=United%20Republic%20of %20Tanzania.
67. Verrucci, E., Rossetto, T., Twigg, J., & Adams, B. J. 2012. Multi-disciplinary indicators for evaluating the seismic resilience of urban areas. In Proceedings of 15th world conference earthquake engineering, Lisbon.
68. Wardekker, A., Wilk, B., Brown, V., Uittenbroek, C., Mees, H., Driessen, P., ... & Runhaar, H. 2020. A diagnostic tool for supporting policymaking on urban resilience. Cities, 101: 102691.
69. Wardekker, J. A., de Jong, A., Knoop, J. M., & van der Sluijs, J. P. 2010. Operationalising a resilience approach to adapting an urban delta to uncertain climate changes. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 6: 987-998.
70. Weichselgartner, J., & Kelman, I. 2015. Geographies of resilience: Challenges and opportunities of a descriptive concept. Progress in Human Geography, 3: 249–267.
71. Wu, Y., Yu, G., & Shao, Q. 2022. Resilience benefit assessment for multi-scale urban flood control programs. Journal of Hydrology, 613: 128349.
72. Yodmani, S. 2001. Disaster risk management and vulnerability reduction: Protecting the poor. New York: The Center.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
