Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023, 10(3): 205-222 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Mozaffari Qarah bolagh S, Mozaffari Qarah bolagh B, cheraghi M. Environmental analysis of food insecurity on food mortality in rural areas, study of the central part of Zanjan township. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023; 10 (3) :205-222
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3388-en.html
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3388-en.html
1- MSc of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Geography, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.
2- Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.
3- Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran. ,mahdicharaghi@yahoo.com
2- Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.
3- Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran. ,
Abstract: (1585 Views)
Providing food to achieve food security is considered one of the important goals of development in all countries, reducing food insecurity is considered an important political and social achievement for governments. One of the effects of food insecurity in rural areas is the number of patients and deaths caused by the corona epidemic. In this regard, the current research seeks to answer the following questions: What is the level of food insecurity in the studied villages? And what effect does food insecurity have on the spatial distribution of corona patients and deaths? The type of research is applied and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of this research is all the villages in the central part of Zanjan city, which were surveyed in full. The method of collecting information is in the form of a library and the method of data analysis is in the form of descriptive statistics and spatial analysis. The findings of the research show that the average food insecurity of the studied villages is equal to 36.08%, the highest level of food insecurity is related to Taham district with 40.76% and the lowest level of food insecurity is related to Mirizat district. In order to analyze the effects of food insecurity on the mortality caused by Corona, geographic weighted regression has been used, based on the results obtained from this spatial analysis tool, the width is equal to 0.172, the remaining squares are equal to 2836, the effective number is equal to 16.86, Sigma is equal to 5.64 and the coefficient of determination, which measures the degree of linear relationship between two variables, has been calculated as equal to 0.72, so it can be said that with the increase in food insecurity, the death rate due to Corona will also increase.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/08/18 | Accepted: 2023/12/5 | Published: 2023/09/23
Received: 2023/08/18 | Accepted: 2023/12/5 | Published: 2023/09/23
References
1. بهلولی،حمید .1401. سیاست های امنیت غذایی و تغذیه در جهان و ایران: با نگاهی به تاثیر چالش های همه گیری کووید-19، مجله فرهنگ و ارتقای سلامت (فرهنگستان علوم پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران)، 6(1): 149-156.
2. جمالی، صابر، نرگس صالح نیا، حسین انصاری، فرشته رحیمی آغ چشمه.1401. بررسی اثر همه گیری Covid-19 بر امنیت آبی، امنیت غذایی و محیط زیست در ایران، نشریه مدیریت آب در کشاورزی، 9(1): 161-180.
3. رضائی فر، مریم، صادق خلیلیان، حامد نجفی علمدارلو، .1401. پراکنش مکانی ناامنی غذایی در منطقه های شهری و روستایی ایران، فصلنامه اقتصاد کشاورزی، 16(1): 99-121.
4. قلی پور، یاسر، امین حسن زاده، اسماعیل امیدی.1401. مفهوم سازی اثرات کرونا بر امنیت غذایی خانوارهای شهری و روستایی (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان ماسال)، نشریه دانش انتظامی گیلان، 11(43): 168-188.
5. Adelodun, B., Kim, S. H., & Choi, K. S. 2021. Assessment of food waste generation and composition among Korean households using novel sampling and statistical approaches. Waste Management, 122: 71-80. [DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.003.]
6. Agyei, S. K., Isshaq, Z., Frimpong, S., Adam, A. M., Bossman, A., & Asiamah, O. 2021. COVID‐19 and food prices in sub‐Saharan Africa. African Development Review, 33: S102-S113. [DOI:10.1111/1467-8268.12525.]
7. Ahmed, F., Islam, A., Pakrashi, D., Rahman, T., & Siddique, A. 2021. Determinants and dynamics of food insecurity during COVID-19 in rural Bangladesh. Food Policy, 101: 102066. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102066.]
8. Amare, M., Abay, K. A., Tiberti, L., & Chamberlin, J. 2020. Impacts of COVID-19 on food security: Panel data evidence from Nigeria , Food Policy, 101:1-11. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919221000786#:~:text=https%3A//doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102099.
9. Béné, C., Bakker, D., Chavarro, M., Even, B., Melo, J., & Sonneveld, A. 2021. global assessment of the impacts of covid-19 on food security. global food security, 31: 100575. [DOI:10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100575.]
10. Bajos, N., Jusot, F., Pailh´e, A., Spire, A., Martin, C., Meyer, L., et al.(2021. When lockdown policies amplify social inequalities in COVID-19 infections: Evidence from a cross-sectional population based-survey in France. BMC Public Health, 21(2): 1-12. [DOI:10.1186/s12889-021-10521-5.]
11. Béné, C. 2020. resilience of local food systems and links to food security – a review of some important concepts in the context of covid-19 and other shocks. food security, 12(4): 805-822. [DOI:10.1007/s12571-020-01076-1.]
12. Bender, K., Badiger, A., Roe, B., Shu, Y., & Qi, D. 2022. consumer behavior during the covid-19 pandemic: an analysis of food purchasing and management behaviors in u.s. households through the lens of food system resilience. socio-economic planning sciences, 82: 101107. [DOI:10.1016/j.seps.2021.101107.]
13. Boef, W., Borman, G., Gupta, A., Subedi, A., Thijssen, M., Aga, A., … & Oyee, P. 2021. rapid assessments of the impact of covid-19 on the availability of quality seed to farmers: advocating immediate practical, remedial and preventative action. agricultural systems, 188: 103037. [DOI:10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103037.]
14. Mitiku, A., Fufa, B., & Tadese, B. 2012. Empirical analysis of the determinants of rural household’s food security in Southern Ethiopia: The case of Shashemene District. Basic Research, Journal of Agricultural Science and Review, 1(6): 132-138.
15. Szulecka, J., Corciolani, M., & Strøm-Andersen, N. 2022. european food banks and covid-19: resilience and innovation in times of crisis. socio-economic planning sciences, 82: 101187. [DOI:10.1016/j.seps.2021.101187.]
16. Carolan, M. 2021. The Sociology of Food and Agriculture (3rd ed.). Routledge. [DOI:10.4324/9781003133780.]
17. Álvarez, E., Salinas-Roca, B., Costa-Tutusaus, L., Milà-Villarroel, R., & Krishnan, N. 2021. the measurement of food insecurity in high-income countries: a scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9829. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph18189829.]
18. Chiwona-Karltun, L., Amuakwa-Mensah, F., Wamala-Larsson, C., Amuakwa-Mensah, S., Hatab, A., Made, N., … & Bizoza, A. 2021. covid-19: from health crises to food security anxiety and policy implications. ambio, 50(4): 794-811. [DOI:10.1007/s13280-020-01481-y.]
19. Crush, J. and Si, Z. 2020. covid-19 containment and food security in the global south. Journal of Agriculture food Systems and community Development, 1-3. [DOI:10.5304/jafscd.2020.094.026]
20. Devereux, S., Bene, C., & Hoddinott, J. 2020. Conceptualising COVID-19ʹs impacts on household food security. Food Security, 12 (1) : 769–772. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01085-0.
21. Diao, Xinshen, Mahrt, Kristi .2020. Assessing the Impacts of COVID-19 on Household Incomes and Poverty in Myanmar: A Microsimulation Approach. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC. [DOI:10.2499/ p15738coll2.133859.]
22. Durizzo, K., Asiedu, E., Van der Merwe, A., Van Niekerk, A., & Günther, I. 2021. Managing the COVID-19 pandemic in poor urban neighborhoods: The case of Accra and Johannesburg. World Development, 137, Article 105175. [DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105175.]
23. Elena Carrillo-Alvarez RD . 2023. Perspective: Food and nutrition insecurity in Europe: Challenges and opportunities for dietitians, Advances in Nutrition, [DOI:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.008.]
24. Elgar, F. J., et al. 2021. Relative food insecurity, mental health and wellbeing in 160 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 268, 113556.
25. Erokhin, V., & Gao, T. 2020. August 10). Impacts of COVID-19 on trade and economic aspects of food security: Evidence from 45 developing countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (16): 5775. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph17165775.]
26. FAO. 1996. Rome Declaration on World Food Security and World Food Summit Plan of Action Rome Declaration on World Food Security World Food Summit.
27. Falk, G., Romero, P. D., Carter, J. A., Nicchitta, I. A., & Nyhof, E. C. 2021. Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Congressional Research Service R46554.
28. Fan, S., Teng, P., Chew, P., Smith, G., & Copeland, L. 2021. Food system resilience and COVID-19–Lessons from the Asian experience. Global Food Security, 28: 100501.
29. FAO, IFPRI .2020. Progress towards Ending Hunger and Malnutrition: A Cross-Country Cluster Analysis. Rome. [DOI:10.4060/ca8593en.]
30. FAO. 2009. Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, World Summit on FoodSecurity, Rome, 16–18 November. Retrieved from ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/Meeting/018/k6050e.pdf.
31. FAO, A. 2008. An introduction to the basic concepts of food security. FAO, Rome, Italy, 2013-14.
32. FAO. 2022.The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Rome.
33. Ferguson, C., Tuxson, T., Mangubhai, S., Jupiter, S., Govan, H., Bonito, V., … & Waide, M. 2022. local practices and production confer resilience to rural pacific food systems during the covid-19 pandemic. marine policy, 137: 104954. [DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2022.104954.]
34. Florida, R., Glaeser, E., Sharif, M. M., Bedi, K., Campanella, T. J., Chee, C. H.,Doctoroff, D., Katz, B., Kotkin, J., Muggah, R., & Sadik-Khan, J. 2020. How life in our cities will look after the coronavirus pandemic. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/01/future-of-cities-urban-life-after-coronavirus pandemic/.
35. Food Security Information Network (FSIN). 2020. Global Report on Food Crises 2020. https://www.fsinplatform.org/global-report-food-crises-2020.
36. Garnett, P., Doherty, B., & Heron, T. 2020. vulnerability of the united kingdom’s food supply chains exposed by covid-19. Nature food, 1(6): 315-318. [DOI:10.1038/s43016-020-0097-7.]
37. Greer, S. L., King, E. J., da Fonseca, E. M., & Peralta-Santos, A. 2020. The comparative politics of COVID-19: The need to understand government responses. Global Public Health, 15(9): 1413–1416. [DOI:10.1080/17441692.2020.1783340.]
38. Hamadani, J., Hasan, M., Baldi, A., Hossain, M., Shiraji, S., Bhuiyan, M., … & Pasricha, S. 2020. immediate impact of stay-at-home orders to control covid-19 transmission on socioeconomic conditions, food insecurity, mental health, and intimate partner violence in bangladeshi women and their families: an interrupted time series. The Lancet Global health, 8(11): e1380-e1389. [DOI:10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30366-1.]
39. Hoddinott, J. 2001. Methods for rural development projects. Food Security in Practice. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
40. ILO. 2020. COVID-19 and the world of work: Updated estimates and analysis (ILO Monitor: Fifth Edition, Issue. International Labour Organization.
41. Janssens, W., Pradhan, M., de Groot, R., Sidze, E., Donfouet, H. P. P., & Abajobir, A. 2021. The short-term economic effects of COVID-19 on low-income households in rural Kenya: An analysis using weekly financial household data. World Development, 138: Article 105280.
42. Kansiime, M. K., Tambo, J. A., Mugambi, I., Bundi, M., Kara, A., & Owuor, C. 2020. COVID-19 implications on household income and food security in Kenya and Uganda: Findings from a rapid assessment. World development, 137: Article 105199.
43. Kassegn, A. and Endris, E. 2021. review on socio-economic impacts of ‘triple threats’ of covid-19, desert locusts, and floods in east africa: evidence from ethiopia. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1), [DOI:10.1080/23311886.2021.1885122.]
44. Ker, A. P., & Cardwell, R. 2020. Introduction to the special issue on COVID-19 and the Canadian agriculture and food sectors: Thoughts from the pandemic onset. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d’agroeconomie, 68(2): 139–142. [DOI:10.1111/cjag.12245.]
45. Kristof, N. 2019. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/12/opinion/guatem ala-malnourished-children.html?action=click&module=Opinion&pgtype=Homep age.
46. Kundu, S., Banna, M., Sayeed, A., Sultana, M., Brazendale, K., Mandal, M., … & Khan, S. 2020. determinants of household food security and dietary diversity during the covid-19 pandemic in bangladesh. Public Health Nutrition, 24(5): 1079-1087. [DOI:10.1017/s1368980020005042.]
47. Laraia BA.(2013). Food insecurity and chronic disease. Adv Nutr;4 (2):203–212. [DOI:10.3945/an.112.003277.]
48. Mahmud, M. and Riley, E. 2021. household response to an extreme shock: evidence on the immediate impact of the covid-19 lockdown on economic outcomes and well-being in rural uganda. World Development, 140, 105318. [DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105318.]
49. Manyong, V., Bokanga, M., Dieu-Merci, A., Bamba, Z., Adeoti, R., Mwepu, G., … & Nguezet, P. 2022. covid-19 outbreak and rural household food security in the western democratic republic of the congo. World Development Perspectives, 28: 100469. [DOI:10.1016/j.wdp.2022.100469.]
50. Mogues, T. 2020. Food markets during COVID-19. Special Series on Covid-19 Washington DC: International Monetary Fund Downloaded on, 8(03), 2020.
51. Nchanji, E. B., & Lutomia, C. K. 2021. Regional impact of COVID-19 on the production and food security of common bean smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implication for SDG’s. Global Food Security, 29 (1) :1-10 . [DOI:10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100524.]
52. Nelson, E., Bangham, C., Modi, S., Liu, X., Codner, A., Hicks, J., … & Greece, J. 2022. understanding the impacts of covid-19 on the determinants of food insecurity: a state-specific examination. Preventive Medicine Reports, 28: 101871. [DOI:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101871.]
53. Ngarava, S. 2022. empirical analysis on the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on food insecurity in south africa. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts a/B/C, 127: 103180. [DOI:10.1016/j.pce.2022.103180.]
54. Paslakis, G., Dimitropoulos, G., & Katzman, D. 2020. a call to action to address covid-19–induced global food insecurity to prevent hunger, malnutrition, and eating pathology. Nutrition Reviews, 79(1): 114-116. [DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa069.]
55. Poudel, P. B., Poudel, M. R., Gautam, A., Phuyal, S., Tiwari, C. K., Bashyal, N., & Bashyal, S. 2020. COVID19 and its global impact on food and agriculture. Journal of Biology and Today’s World, 9(5): 1–4 doi:10.3390/ijerph17103445.
56. Rasul, G. 2021. A framework for addressing the twin challenges of covid-19 and climate change for sustainable agriculture and food security in south asia. Frontiers in Sustainable food Systems, 5. [DOI:10.3389/fsufs.2021.679037.]
57. McLEOD, W. 2003. Agricultural extension, rural development and the food security challenge.
58. Sen, A. 1981. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford: Clarendon Pres.
59. Shahzad, M., Qing, P., Rizwan, M., Razzaq, A., & Faisal, M.(2021. covid-19 pandemic, determinants of food insecurity, and household mitigation measures: a case study of punjab, pakistan. Healthcare, 9(6): 621. [DOI:10.3390/healthcare9060621.]
60. Stuart, L. 2017. Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development A/ RES/70/1: Theme: statement,‘Do not leave indigenous Australians behind’.
61. Teachout, M., & Zipfel, C. 2020. The economic impact of COVID-19 lockdowns in sub-Saharan Africa. International Growth Centre. (Policy brief May 2020, Issue.
62. UN, Impact of COVID-19 on food security and nutrition (FSN):Policy Brief, 2020. http://www.ceigram.upm.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/HLPE. -Impact-of-COVID-19-on-FSN-2020-03-24.pdf.
63. UN. 2021. Progress towards the sustainable development goals: Report of the secretary-general.
64. Vu, K., Vuong, N., & Vu-Thanh, T. 2022. income shock and food insecurity prediction vietnam under the pandemic. world development, 153: 105838. [DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105838.]
65. Weersink, A., Massow, M., Bannon, N., Ifft, J., Maples, J., McEwan, K., … & Wood, K.2021. covid-19 and the agri-food system in the united states and canada. Agricultural Systems, 188: 103039. [DOI:10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103039.]
66. Workie, E., Mackolil, J., Nyika, J., & Ramadas, S. 2020. Deciphering the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food security, agriculture, and livelihoods: A review of the evidence from developing countries. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 2 (1) : 100014. [DOI:10.1016/j.crsust.2020.100014.]
67. World Bank. 2021. Food Security and COVID-19 (accessed 30th January, 2022). htt ps://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/food-security-and-covid.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
