Journal title

Numerical solution of nonlinear Fredholm and Volterra integral equations of the second kind using Haar wavelets and collocation method

In this paper, we present a numerical method for solving nonlinear Fredholm and Volterra integral equations of the second kind which is based on the use of Haar wavelets and collocation method. We use properties of Block Pulse Functions (BPF) for solving Volterra integral equation. Numerical examples show efficiency of the method.

A Collocation Method for Solving Nonlinear Differential Equations via Hybrid of Rationalized Haar Functions

Hybrid of rationalized Haar functions are developed to approximate the solution of the differential equations. The properties of hybrid functions which are the combinations of block-pulse functions and rationalized Haar functions are first presented. These properties together with the Newton-Cotes nodes are then utilized to reduce the differential equations to the solution of algebraic equations. The method is computationally attractive, and applications are demonstrated through illustrative examples.

Local And Central Limit Theorems For Intensity Measures In Multitype Branching Random Walk

A multitype branching random walk on the real line R is considered. The positions of n-th generation individuals form a point process with related intensity measure. The purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic behavior of these intensity measures. The central and local limit theorems are proved.

The Effects of Microwave on the Ovary and Fertility of Female Balb/C mouse

The increasing use of microwave appliances such as mobile phones in daily life has caused some anxiety about its possible effects on human health. In this study, we investigated the effects of microwave on the gonads and fertility rate of female Balb /C mouse. At first, an experimental generator microwave system was designed. Then, adult virgin females were exposed to waves for 4 days (6 hours per day) and their blood were applied for hormone assay of FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone. The size and weight of ovaries were recorded and the structure and ultrastructure of them were examined by light and transmission electron microscope. Some females were placed in a cage with male individual of the same strain for mating, then the pregnancy rate was estimated and their offsprings were maintained in animal house until puberty. After puberty, ovaries were examined. The results did not show any significant difference in the size and weight of ovaries (P> 0.05), FSH, LH, estradiol, did not show change (P>0.05), but the results of transmission electron microscopy showed changes in ovary and follicle structure and also progesterone levels. The percentage of mating showed a significant reduction (P<0.05).

Study on Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus Isolated from Traditional dairy Products of Lighvan

In order to increase public health many study have been performed with adding probiotic bacteria in dairy products. In this filed on of the most critical problem is unfavorable taste and aroma produced by probiotic bacteria. So isolation probiotic bacteria from traditional dairy product could solve this problem. A rapid screening method is used to isolate acid tolerant bacteria from 30 different fermented dairy products After enrichment samples in MRS broth followed acid stressing (pH=2.5) different colony were selected on MRS agar, avoiding preliminary time consuming isolation steps. All the isolates were examined by microscopy, gram staining and catalase reaction. Fifty-eight isolates were selected and defined as lactobacillus SPP. The screening at low pH bile salt led to the selection of 19 resistant isolates. Cholesterol assimilation determined by difference in cholesterol content in the medium before and after the incubation period, showed that all lactobacilli strains were able to assimilate cholesterol at varying levels ranging from 54 to 266 μg/ml .Most cholesterol assimilation were seen in L.farieminis ,L. planetarium ,L.alimentarium ,L.casei, L. acidophilus isolated from yogurt and cheese of lighvan region. These data showed yogurt and cheese of lighvan region have probiotic potential.

The Effects of Methyl Jasmonate on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Canola under Ethylene Treatment

Jasmonates are a new group of plant growth regulator that are involved in many morphological and physiological processes and play a defensive role in plants. In this research, the effects of methyl jasmonate and ethylene and their interaction, on parameters like fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area and quantity protein, malodealdehyde and electrolyte leakage in leaves canola (Brassica napus L.) were studied. Seeds of Brasssica napus L. were sown in plastic pots containing sand, clay and peat in proportion of 1:1:2. After 45 days, leaves sprayed with methyl jasmonate (100 µM) in 5 days then exposed plants with ethylene (100, 150 ppm) in 2 days. Control plants were sprayed with distilled water. The results showed that the quantity of fresh weight and dry weight decreased in ethylene and methyl jasmonate treatment. Ethylene decreased leaf area. Lipid peroxidation increased in ethylene treatment but in methyl jasmonate pretreatment it decreased so it showed that methyl jasmonate mitigated ethylene-induced lipid peroxidaton. Ethylene decreased protein content but protein increased by methyl jasmonate application. Results suggest that methyl jasmonate can considerably alleviate oxidative damage caused by ethylene.

The Effect of Different Concentrations of Nitrate and Ammonium on Growth, Nitrate Reductase Activity and Alkaloid Content of Hyoscyamus PusillusL.

Hyoscyamus is one of the medicinal plants, rich in tropane alkaloids. In this research the effects of nitrate and ammonium on production of secondry metabolites and other physiological parameters, were investigated. The results indicated that when nitrate and ammonium were both present in nutrient solution and ammonium concentration was lower than nitrate, dry and fresh weight of root and shoot increased. However, by increasing ammonium concentration, plant growth decreased. With increased concentra-tions of ammonium, root/shoot ratios were decreased. Nitrate reductase activity increased in both nitrate and ammonium fed plants. However, the higher ratio of ammonium to nitrate led to a decreased NRA. Alkaloid content (sum of hyoscyamine and scopolamine) increased in both nitrate and ammonium fed plants. However, the higher the ratio of ammonium to nitrate, the lower the alkaloid content.

The Effect of Air Pollution on Pollen Allergenecity in Spartium junceum (Fabaceae)

Air pollutants are reported to increase the specific IgE response to allergens. Clinical tests and immonoblotting were performed with pollen grains of Spartium junceum. To identify allergens and to determine the effect of air pollutants on the allergenicity of the pollen extracts, the pollen extracts were injected intraperitoneally and intracutaneously to guinea pigs. Injection of the pollen extracts of this species caused positive SPT and an increase in specific IgE antibodies and eosinophyls in animals, compared to those that received buffer, instead of pollen extract. Two IgE-binding bands were observed in immunoblots of pollen extract of this species. The extracts of pollen grains collected from polluted region increased the response of SPT and specific IgE, but there was no sinificatent difference between IgE-binding bands (proteins), suggesting the adjuvant effect of pollutants per se that is, pollutants can increase allergy-related immune responses (including production of specific IgE and eosinophils).

The Study of Carhlage Canal Morphogenesis

In this study the role of cell death in cartilage canal morphogenesis with morphometrical and histological methods was evaluated. The proximal tibial epiphysis of the chick embryos after fixation and decalcification at the 13 th and 18th days of incubation, with thick and semithin sections and H&E ,tricromason and feulgen staining were studied. The rsulths were showed that cartilage canals were formed in the regions of the cell death both in control and experimental groups.