http://jsci.khu.ac.ir Quarterly Journal of Science Kharazmi University - Journal articles for year 2010, Volume 9, Number 3 Yektaweb Collection - https://yektaweb.com en 2010/10/9 http://ndea10.khu.ac.ir/jsci/browse.php?a_id=1356&sid=1&slc_lang=en The puropose of this study is determination of optimize conditions in root culture of Carthamus tinctorius L. to obtain more amounts of roots that may have remarkable ability in production of important compounds with different uses. As Carthamus tinctorius L. is a plant with known benefits in industrial, edible and medicinal fields, optimization of their root culture condition is desired. In the present work, one of the condition that is considered for this purpose is light condition. Light condition included darkness and lighting. The next factor has been studied here was pH factor. In this method roots derived from young stems of the growth seeds in solid MS medium were transferred to liquid MS medium and after regeneration and more growth were exposed to mentioned treatments. After 21 days was measured fresh and dry weight, special pigment of Carthamus tinctorious L .(red pigment concentration at 517 nm and yellow pigment concentration at 403,321nm), photosynthetic pigments (Chla, Chlb, Total chlorophyll, Carotenoid) in samples. The most important achievement of researches obtain to remarkable amounts of special pigment of Carthamus tinctorious L. and photosynthetic pigments in root of plant that later reported in shoot parts and flowers. Addition observations and results indicate light condition has great impact on growth mean and produce compound rather than dark condition and in case of second treatment(pH factor) Carthamus tinctorious L. has been adopted with whole used pH range to increase growth and compounds production. http://ndea10.khu.ac.ir/jsci/browse.php?a_id=1345&sid=1&slc_lang=en Many pistachio cultivating areas are exposed to excess magnesium amounts. In this study, the effect of excess Mg was considered via treating pistachio var. Badami with different concentrations of MgSO4 in a pot culture experiment in the soils with VA mycorrhizal fungi according to a complete randomized block design. Total length of roots and shoots, dry weights, the number of spores produced by VAM fungi, colonizations rate of the roots to VAM and the contents of Ca, Mg, K in the roots and shoots were measured. The results showed that VAM spore number, plant dry weight and root colonization rate increased as more MgSO4 was added to the pots. The contents of Ca, Mg, K in the roots were also increased. However, the Mg content of roots was higher than that of shoots http://ndea10.khu.ac.ir/jsci/browse.php?a_id=1346&sid=1&slc_lang=en Maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown in hydroponic culture were treated with 50 &thinsp&mum CdCl2. Growth and metabolic parameters indicative of oxidative stress and antioxidant responses were studied in leaves and roots of plants. Apart from increasing lipid peroxidation, death cells and H2O2 accumulation, supply of Cd suppressed growth, fresh and dry mass of plants. The activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and gutathione reductase (GR) however increased in plants supplied with 50&thinsp&mumCd. Therefore, it can be concluded that a supply of 50&thinsp&mumCd induced oxidative stress by increasing production of ROS despite increased antioxidant protection in maize plants. http://ndea10.khu.ac.ir/jsci/browse.php?a_id=1347&sid=1&slc_lang=en Several experiments have been performed during the last few decades to evaluate the responses of plants to enhanced solar UV radiation (UV-R) that may occur because of stratospheric ozone depletion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of UV radiation on some anatomical and ultrastructural aspects of pepper plants (Capsicum longum L) in the greenhouse. Pepper plants were grown in a uniform environment and after 35 days they were exposed to UV-A and UV-C radiation for 15 and 8 days, respectively. The results indicated that the changes in root growth was not significant but the growth of shoot decreased in UV-R exposed plants and this reduction was significant in UV-C exposed plants. Leaf area was also reduced in UV-R exposed plants and this reduction was significant in UV-C exposed plants. The root diameter was not affected under UV treatment, but the stem diameter and leaf thickness were significantly increased in both UV-A and UV-C treatments. The number and size of stomata were also increased in UV-R exposed plants. At the ultrastructural level, it was found that the thylakoids of chloroplast were dilated and starch reduction was observed. UV treatment resulted in the formation of crystalline inclusion in the peroxisomes of the mesophyll cells. Formation of these crystals may be due to the increased activity of catalase, which is an antioxidant enzyme. The study shows that pepper plants are sensitive to UV-R and this finding provides insight into the structural and ultrastructural changes during UV exposure, and indicates the sensitivity of these plants to UV-C more than UV-A radiation. http://ndea10.khu.ac.ir/jsci/browse.php?a_id=1348&sid=1&slc_lang=en A study of flora and population changes in a sample paddy field in Kalat (Mashhad) were done from May to September 2007 in four stages. Physical and chemical factors such as EC, pH and temperature were measured. Totally, 23 species, 8 genera and 5 families were identified. The identified species were: Chroococcaceae: Chroococcus, Gloeothece, Aphanothece Oscillatoriaceae: Oscillatoria Rivulariaceae: Calothrix Nostocaceae: Cylindrospermum, Nostoc, Anabaena Scytonemataceae: Scytonema. Regarding the heterocystous species, the most abundant cyanobacteria belong to genus Nostoc. pH in 4 collection were alkaline and did not show significant difference. Colony number did not indicate direct relation with pH despite of EC. Maximum colony number was seen in minimum temperature. http://ndea10.khu.ac.ir/jsci/browse.php?a_id=1353&sid=1&slc_lang=en Biosurfactants are products of broad range of microorganisms. These compounds are surface active. Glycolipids, Phospholipids & Fatty acids, Lipopeptids and Lipoproteins, Polymeric biosurfactants and Special Biosurfactants are main types of biosurfactants. Rhamnolipid is a type of Glycolipids that is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the present paper, P. aeruginosa MM1011 was obtained from Persian Type Culture Collection (Biotechnology Center, IROST). The aim of this investigation was optimization of mineral salts medium with sugar beet molasses to produce rhamnolipid considering specific parameters. such as: C/N, Temperature, pH, shaking rate, and Inoculation size. Since P. aeruginosa is Suc.(-), it was mutated to be able to use the sucrose as carbon source. The molasses treated chemically, then used by the bacterium. The results assayed by phenol-sulfuric acid method, and crude oil emulsification capability. Results of ANOVA. Depicted results showd that the optimum conditions without molasses is: temp.:33˚c, pH 7, C/N:18, shaking rate: 200 rpm and inoculom: 2% in 96 hours and the best medium is 3M which contained sugar beet molasses. Further investigation proved that the best production temperature is 33°c when pH is 6.8, shaking rate: 200 rpm, C/N: 16, inoculom: 2%. Using the above mentioned factors, the obtained results showed that the produced rhamnose was 0.22 g/L (rhamnolipid = 0.66 g /L) and crude oil emulcification was 55.5 %. http://ndea10.khu.ac.ir/jsci/browse.php?a_id=1407&sid=1&slc_lang=en This study was carried out in Kalat highlands of Gonabad, Eastern Iran, located in geographical position of 34º 6´ to 34º 16´ N and 58º 25´ to 58º 35´ E with the altitude of 1100 to 2830 m.a.s.l. The mean annual precipitation and temperature are 143.2mm and 17.2ºC, respectively. Species richness, evenness and species diversity, diversity and related models, diversity based on the rank/abundance plots as well as methods of diversity ordering were considered in three elevation zones including low, intermediate and high altitudes and in the four slope aspects. Species richness indices in the intermediate zone were more than those in the low and high altitudes. The intermediate zone showed the highest species diversity as well as the highest evenness among the zones. North aspect showed the highest species richness and lowest species diversity and evenness. The highest diversity and evenness were observed in the south and south and west aspects, respectively. The low altitude zone followed lognormal distribution however intermediate and high altitude zones do not fit any of the models. Species abundance patterns of the north and west aspects followed both lognormal and logarithmic models with a shift from being lognormal to logarithmic model. The intermediate altitude zone and the south aspect had more flattened rank/abundance plot therefore they have been more diverse than the others. The same was observed by using diversity profiles.