modern research physics

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Many pistachio cultivating areas are exposed to excess magnesium amounts. In this study, the effect of excess Mg was considered via treating pistachio var. Badami with different concentrations of MgSO4 in a pot culture experiment in the soils with VA mycorrhizal fungi according to a complete randomized block design. Total length of roots and shoots, dry weights, the number of spores produced by VAM fungi, colonizations rate of the roots to VAM and the contents of Ca, Mg, K in the roots and shoots were measured. The results showed that VAM spore number, plant dry weight and root colonization rate increased as more MgSO4 was added to the pots. The contents of Ca, Mg, K in the roots were also increased. However, the Mg content of roots was higher than that of shoots

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An efficient, mild and environmentally- friendly approach was developed for the synthesis of bis arylidine cycloalkanones. SnCl4 was found as efficient catalyst for cross aldol condensation of cycloalkanones and aromatic aldehyde for synthesis of &alpha,&alpha'-bis(substituted-benzylidine) cycloalkanones in ethanol as a green solvent. In this method, the reaction works easily for a variety of aldehydes with both electron-donating and electron-with-drawing groups to give corresponding &alpha,&alpha’-bis(substituted-benzylidene) cyclohexanones in good to excellent yields. Comparing the known methods, the main advantages of our method are short time, user-friendly, low cost procedure, clean and environmentally benign reagents with ease of separation of the product and mild reaction condition with good to excellent yield for products

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The volcano - sedimentary complex in the North of Shahrekord , center of Chahar mahal and bakhtiary province as a NW-SE trend belt has located in the central part of the Sanandaj- Sirjan structural zone is composed of volcanics (basalts, andesitic basalts and andesites),subvolcanics (dolerites and microdiorites), volcaniclastics (tuffs, lapilli tuffs, agglomerates, volcanic breccia and tuffites) belong to Upper Jurassic, Middle Kimmerian orogenic phase. These rocks with calc-alkaline to tholeiitic affinity were erupted in a subduction environment as island arc.
The above mentioned lithological unites have been affected by hydrothermal fluids with pH=8-9, T=226◦C(in intermediate argillic zone) to 300◦C (in quartz- epidote veins) under 200 bar pressure. The secondary minerals have replaced primary rock components (selective pervasive) or have occurred as vein and vesicle fillings (non pervasive). There are three alteration zones in the study area including propylitic (chloritic), sericitic and intermediate argillic based on variety amounts of the chlorite, epidote, clinozoisite, calcite and illite. Vesicles in basalts are filled by chlorite-epidote-clinozoisite-calcite- quartz assemblages too. The investigation of mass changes show that the volcanic rocks have lossed their mass as result of hydrothermal alteration partially in chloritic zone. CaO enrichment and Na2O depletion in chloritic zone, Na2O, K2O depletion and MgO enrichment in sericitic zone, FeO, Na2O, K2O enrichment in intermediate argillic zone are key indices to determination of fossil alteration zones.
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In this study, gammaruses were collected from southern coast of Caspian Sea in Bandar Anzali. Samples were divided into three groups control, dried and frozen. These treatments were examined with several experiments such as protein, fat, sah and moisture in three time after a week, two weeks and a month in three replications. The results showed that the Analyze- Variance among the groups had significant differences in the average amount of protein, ash and moisture, but for fat no significant difference interaction between time and maintenance. In additional, by comparing of these factors by the Duncan test, in the dried samples greatest amount of protein (43/13%), fat (5/78%) and ash (23/25 %) were higher than those of in control samples, (protein: 12/36%, fat: 0/41%, ash: 5/82% and moisture: 75/67%) while control samples had higher moisture than dried samples. In all samples, control treatment had lowest fat (0/41%) and protein (12/36%), while dried samples had lowest moisture.

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In this paper, we studied the electronic conductance and energy gap of a graphene nano-ribbon which is connected to two semi-infinite atomic chains by the atoms located in the opposite sides of nano-ribbon. The numerical calculations were performed using the Green’s function method in the nearest neighbor approximation of tight-binding approach. The conductance curves plotted with respect to incoming electron energy show that for a zigzag graphene nano-ribbon with one benzene ring in its width, there is no gap in the energy band spectra of the system, while for the armchair case, an energy gap always exists around the Fermi energy and its value depends on the size of the nano-ribbon. The results show that the behavior of the graphene nano-ribbons conductance strongly depends on that how and where the leads connect to the nano-ribbon and on the contacts qualities.

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In this paper, we study the electronic transport of a multi-molecular chain of copper phthalocyanine connected to two metallic leads by using Green’s function method at the tight-binding approach. The results show that in the gaps of this system, the density of states is independent of the number of molecules or the system length. Moreover, increasing of the system length decreases the tunneling conductance and causes the appearance of peaks and dips in the gaps of the conductance spectra and depending on the value of incoming electron energy, the electron tunneling takes place easier, especially in the edges of the gaps.

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Malachite green is a carcinogen and mutagen material that is not permitted by FDA as a fungicide for edible fishes. Alvita(sodium di acetate), is a fungicide and bactericide material which is admitted by FDA.The research has been done by two methods: invivo and invitro. In invitro, at first the eggs that fungi attached them, cultured on SDA, then fungi colonies pured. At last, Mucor and Rhizopus were known by Slide culture and morphological analysed. In the second phase, Alvita was added to SDA in 1,5,10,15 and 20 g/lit concentration. Then pured colonies, cultured on SDA with 1,5,10,15 and 20 g/lit concentration of Alvita. After 48 hours and one week, samples were examined. In blank(without Alvita), the fungi colonies grew, but no colonies grew on other samples with 1,5,10,15 and 20 concentration of Alvita, then 1 g/lit was recognized as a minimal concentration that any colonies didn't grow on it. In invivo method(which has been done in Niyak farm), there were 5 traphs for trout culture, that one of them was blank, three of them contained Alvita, with 1 g/lit for 30 minutes, 1g/lit for 1 hour, 2 g/lit for 30 minutes and one of them contained malachite green with 2 mg/lit concentration for one hour. All of examinations were done in triplicate. The results of study analyzed by ANOVA, with 95% confidence limit and(P=0.265), to show, concentration of Alvita(1 g/lit), is the best alternative of malachite green, between examined concentration.