Showing 61 results for Ph
Volume 8, Issue 1 (12-2009)
Abstract
Dehsalm metamorphic complex (DMC), located in the east of Lut microcontinent margin, east Iran. It is mainly consist of pelitic schists, marble, amphibole schist, intruded by granitic intrusions and pegmatite veins. Andalusite occurred in both metamorphic and igneous rocks at DMC, with distinctive textural and geochemical features, and crystallographic habits. Andalusite is one of the Al2SiO5 polymorphs, usually formed in high temperature and low pressure metamorphism. New experimental study showed that andalusite may form in magmatic and metasomatic condition. EPMA point analyses shows that Fe, K, and REE signatures are different in DMC andalusites. Iron and potassium concentration in andalusite formed in magmatic rocks is 0.97-0.12 and 0.79 respectively while in metamorphic andalusite is 0.16-0.11, with negligible amount of K (less than 0.02%). The concentration of other major elements in the both andalusite are comparable. Recent investigations show that andalusite may form in magmatic rocks. Metamorphic andalusite in DMC, andalusite schists, formed as chiastolite with distinctive orientation along schistosity as a result of progressive metamorphism of a pelitic sequence. The metamorphic paragenetic sequence indicates that it may form at 380-450 C and 2-3 Kb pressure. Andalusite in magmatic rocks occurred in rim of granitic and pegmatite bodies as pink crystals without any carbon inclusion and no preferred orientation. It is possibly derived from Meta aluminous and alkali magma which has been in ionic exchange with surrounding metamorphic rocks in DMC. The K/Na ratios trends from schists in metamorphic halos toward granitic bodies confirm the occurrence of ion exchange and metasomatic reactions between magmas and its surrounding rocks
Volume 8, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract
The extent of area is about 3571 hectars. It is part of Hezarmasjed in north- western Kalat. The average maximum temperture is 20.8 in August and the minimum temperture is -9 in January. A floristic study was done for the area plants and then biological forms and plant chorotypes were identified. In this research, 65 families, 282 genera and 404 species were identified, The largest plant family is Asteraceae with 52 genera and 82 species and the largest genera is Astragalus of Papilionaceae with 19 species. Chief biological forms are: Hemicryptophytes , Therophytes and Cryptophytes. Most of the species (54.45%) belong to Irano -Turanian region.
Volume 8, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract
In order to consideration and distinguishing of Mondell pine species (Pinus eldarica) and its two natural generated morphotypes, needles samples were collected from three years old seedlings in similar conditions and then extracted. Protein band patterns of the samples were studied and compared using electrophoresis method on polyacrylamide gel in the SDS-PAGE system. 12 morphological traits related to seedlings and mature individuals of the three pines, compared with each other. The amount of total protein also obtained using Bradford procedure and content of chlorophyll a and b measured by spectrophotometer with Harborne method. One dimensional electrophoresis of proteins showed perfectly similar isozyme patterns for each type (i.e. Mondell pine, Ball-shaped and Conical-shaped pines). Furthermore the amount of total protein and chlorophyll a and b contents of samples did not showed significant difference using ANOVA test. But 11 features of morphological measured traits were more in Mondell pine than the new generated pines. These results indicate the nonexistence of biochemical differences among these pines in spite of obvious structural and morphological differences.
Volume 8, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract
Propolis or bee-glue is a natural sticky material gathered in the hives by worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L. ,Apidae) from the growing parts of trees and shrubs (e.g., leaf buds, trunk wounds). Typical propolis has approximately 50 constituents, primarily resins and vegetable balsams (50%), waxes (30%), essential oils (10%), and pollen. At least, 180 different compounds have been identified so far in propolis. The aim of this study is to examaine antimutagenesis effects of cosmetic creams containing ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against two mutagenic substances named sodium azide (NaN3) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) by Ames test and microsome. In this test, various strains of Salmonella typhymurium TA100 and TA97 were used each having selective mutation in their operon histidine. Mutant strains (His-) were grown on culture media containing minimum salt and glucose in the presence of mutagen substances above. So, only those bacteria that reversed by mutation (His+) could grow and form colonies on culture media. If antimutagen (EEP) and mutagen substances are gathered, the rate of reversed mutation is reduced and the percentage of mutation inhibition can be calculated by means of the formula. In addition, the significant difference between the average of revertants per plate of the sample in relation to the mutagens was assessed by using statistical software SPSS and interpreted by one-way variant statistical test. Finally the results of in vitro antimutagenicity tests revealed that propolis in 0.1-4% concentrations could inhibit mutagenicity of two mutagens mentioned above in a dose-dependent manner. Also the results of microsomal assay (S9) revealed that propolis has a very high potential for inhibition of mutation and cancer. For these reason, ethanolic extract of propolis in defined concentrations can be used in cream formulation due to these reason
Volume 8, Issue 3 (2-2009)
Abstract
The Javaherdasht basalts have considerable outcrops in the north part of Alborz mountains in the east of Guilan province.The petrographical, geochemical and isotopical evidence is indicative of the contamination of the basalts with continental crust. The petrographical evidence such as corosion gulf and crenated margins in pyroxene phenocrysts and chemical composition difference between clinopyroxene phenocrysts margins with matrix clinopyroxenes suggest of crustal contamination and nonequilibrium due to the change of matrix composition as compared with pre-existed phenocrysts in rock .The depletion in elements such as Zr, Nb,TiO2 ,P2O5 and enrichment of LIL elements,high ratios of Pb/Nd and Ba/Nd,low content of Zr/Nb,Y/Nb,Ce/Pb, positive correlation between SiO2 and 87 Sr/86Sr and positive correlatian between MgO and Nd are geochemical and isotopical evidences of crustal contamination of these basalts. Our studies show that these basalts have a clear elemental equilibrium with lower and middle crust rocks and that they have been contaminated with them.
Volume 8, Issue 4 (11-2010)
Abstract
Microalgae are cosmopolitan microorganisms and minerals are considered as limiting factors for growth of them. In the present study cyanobacteria were isolated and indentified and also the effect of different media on their growth was examined. Consequently, two new species of cyanobacteria belonged to the family of Oscillatoriaceae were isolated and reported for the first time from Tehran province. To this end, soil samples were collected from Tehran Province in summer 2008. Samples were cultured in BBM & N8 media to evaluate the effect of nutrients on the growth of microalgae. Isolation was carried out by several subcultures. Morphological indentification was done using systematics keys and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA was used for molecular identification. The results showed that two species were recorded from Tehran Province, Leptolyngbya sp. ISC 40 Gomont and Leptolyngbya sp. ISC 25 Gomont. The collected soil samples were analyzed physically and chemically. Results indicated that BBM medium was suitable for isolation and as indicated by infertility of cultured soils, two identified species are resistance to environmental factors.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (10-2010)
Abstract
In this research, ac measurements of copper phthalocyanine thin film using aluminium electrodes are investigated in the frequency range 102 to 105 Hz and within the temperature range frequency and the capacitance and dissipation factor(loss tangent) decrease with increasing relative importance of the hopping model and band theory in describing the film condution with regard to the operating conditions. It was observed that the band theory is dominant at high frequencies and high temperatures, whereas hopping model is dominant at low frequencies. The energy gap of CuPc was determined using dc measurements.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2010)
Abstract
In this study, tree and shrub species that planted in the streets, parks and other landscaping of Hamedan were studied and counted. Results indicated the presence of 20 Families, 32 genera and 37 species in the studied area. From 26 tree species that was planted, 12 species were non-indigenous and others were native. Eleven shrub species were determined out of which nine were non-native and only two species were recognized as native species. From 37 species that were observed in different parts of the city, nine were native or non-native and could grow without direct effects of the man. From those, some are introduced as Neophyte species that are indicated following as bolded: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Robinia pseudoacacia L., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Fraxinus rotundifolia Miller, Juglans regia L., Morus alba L., Ulmus minor Miller, Populus nigra L. var. pyramidalis. The presence and dispersal of indigenous and neophyte shrub species indicates that these species have potential to select some biotypes inside the city, without direct control of man for their survival (specially in segetal environments). The presence of naturalized species indicates the fact that if proper environment are selecteded for them, they are able to survive under extensive control and cost-effective conditions. In this case, it is possible to prepare appropriate and naturalized environment for the groups of animal and plants.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2010)
Abstract
Nickel is one of the essential elements (micronutrients) for plant growth. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of nickel, (0, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 and 1280&mu M) and some environmental factors such as pH and Ca2+ concentration on the growth of seedlings of four wheat cultivars (Sardari, Zarrin, Alamout and C-73-20) were investigated. Moreover, the impact of high concentration of Ni on root sugar secretion has been assessed using sulphuric-phenol method .The results indicated that Alamout was more resistant than the other cultivars regarding to nickel stress. On the other hand, root and shoot tissues showed different growth responses to Ni and radical growth was more sensitive than shoot growth. Decreased pH increased the impact effect of nickel on shoot and root growth. Our study showed that increasing Ca2+concentration decreases Ni toxicity. Finally, Ni inhibited the leakage of soluble sugars from root tissue.
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Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2010)
Abstract
The Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid presented in apple peels have a potential antioxidant acivity. Antiprolifertive acivity of the triterpenoids against human liver cancer cells, breast cancer cells and colon cancer ells is evaluated. In this study, we have used Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid which are predominant isolated triterpenoids of the apple peels.. The purpose of this study is to determine antimutation and anticarcinogen effect of Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid against Sodium Azide mutagen substance by the use of Microsome and Ames test.
These substances were white powder and soluble in Acetone and bought from sigma company. The bacterium used in this test is a strain of Salmonella thyphimurium (TA100) that carries a selective mutation in its Histidine Operon. We also added Microsome to improve anticancer activity of this two triterpenoids. In this study, inhibition percentage from mutation was 83% for ursolic acid and 76.4 % for oleanolic acid in presence of Microsome ( and 77.6 % for Ursolic Acid and 69.8 % for Oleanolic Acid in absence of Microsome) . Therefore , presence of anti mutation Ursolic Acid and oleanolic acid along with mutagen substance, reduced quantity of back mutation and Inhibition over 40 % recommended as a powerful antimutation substance. Therefore, apple peel has large amount of active Phytochemicals, with Antimutation and Anticarcinogen activity and Ursolic Acid has more antimutation activity than Oleanolic acid
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2010)
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of ultraviolet light (UVC) on the third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. To address such effects, double heterozygote larvae for two linked genes sepia and ebony (se e/++) were exposed to UV light at the wavelength of 254 nm in different exposure times (5-35 seconds). Our study showed that the UVC exposure induced a series of significant morphological abnormities in adult flies which had received radiation in their larval life-time. Short exposure times of UVC caused abnormalities in adult flies such as abdominal cuticular damages and abnormal legs and wings, but had no significant effect on the rate of gene recombination. Therefore, it seems the time of exposure which was used in this research affected some imaginal discs and histoblasts on the larvae.
, Jafar Mohamadian,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (2-2011)
Abstract
Halophilic bacteria can not growth without NaCl and they have optimum growth in high salinity media. Halobacteria are chemoorganotroph and the most species are aerobic. Bacteriorhodopsin is a light driven proton pump that found only in halobacteria. In this study H. salinarum that isolated in previous research from saline environment in Iran were used for isolation of purple membrane. The method of Yucel et al (1995) was applied for isolation of purple membrane of H. salinarum. The stages of this method include dialysis and centrifuge at high speed. Spectrophotometery analysis at 560 nm and absorbance ratio 280/560 nm were used for conform the purity of purple membrane. The activity of purple membrane was assayed as change of pH in salt solution contains MgCl2 and KCl. By using of microwave radiation apparatus the ability of microwave absorbance were measured. The result of isolation of purple membrane indicated that the 280/560 absorbance ratio in this spectrum was 3/3 that confirm the purity of purple membrane. Extracted purple membrane from 4 liter of culture media was 35 milligram. This extracted PM could decrease of pH (0.15 units per 6 hours) and absorb 60 % of microwave radiation. In conclusion there is very diversity between halophilic archaea in Iran ecosystem and extracted PM is favorable for nanotechnology application
Maedeh Rezaei, Ramzanali Khavari-Nejad, Farzaneh Najafi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (2-2011)
Abstract
The effects of cadmium and iron interaction on some physiological parameters in rice (Oryza sativa L.cv.fajr) plant were studied. The four days old seedlings were transferred to pots containing sand, irrigated with Hoagland solution in growth chamber. The 15 days old plants were treated with 0, 50 and 100 &muM CdCl2 supplemented with 5, 10 and 20 ppm Fe as Fe-EDTA. Plants were grown under controlled condition and harvested after 30 days for measurements of some biochemical and physiological parameters. Treatments were conducted with four replications. Under Cd stress, growth of plant decreased. In plants treated with CdCl2, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and photosynthetic rate were decreased. Addition of Fe-EDTA (10 and 20 ppm) moderated cadmium effects. Under Cd stress without Fe, respiration rate and CO2 compenstation point increased, however, in solutions containing both CdCl2 and Fe-EDTA, respirations rate and CO2 compenstation point decreased. In plants treated with CdCl2, catalase activity increased. However, after increasing Fe in solution containing CdCl2, catalase activity decreased. Therefor, the results indicated that in CdCl2 treated plants with increasing Fe-EDTA, the toxic effects of Cd decreased.
Shana Vosoughrazavi, H Ejtehadi, H Zaree, S Tavakoli,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (2-2011)
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are the main biotic ecosystems that contain variety of plant species and their destruction result in the reduction of plant species diversity. In the present investigation, species diversity of aquatic plants in permanent, seasonal, forest wetlands and ricelands of the west and east of Mazandaran province was determined. First, 30 habitats were determined on the map and the total 161 samples, based on systematic-random sampling, were established. 126 species of aquatic plant of the habitats were collected and the cover of each species ,based on the area of quadrate that accupied by plants, was recorded. The results showed that species diversity of aquatic plants in the west and east is governed by the moisture gradient. Based on De Martonne classification system of climate, the west and east of Mazandaran province have wet and mediterranean climate, respectively. Therefore, the condition for the growth of aquatic plants in the west is more appropriate than in the east. Species diversity of wetlands and ricelands in the west was higher than that in the east. In this study, classification system of den Hartog & Veld for aquatic plants that classify them as hygrophytes, real aquatic and wetland species was applied and diversity indices for all three categories were calculated. The results revealed that diversity of hygrophytes is the highest among them and the real aquatic plants have higher species diversity than wetlands. T-test, based on Shannon index, showed significant differences between diversity of the west and east as well as between three group of macrophytes (P<0.05).
Volume 11, Issue 1 (10-2011)
Abstract
The taxonomy and morphology of 24 Salvia atropatana Bunge (Lamiaceae) accessions were studied in Iran. The morphological variations are mostly related to the indumentum and trichome frequency in surface and base of stem, leaf length, form of leaf margin, indumentum of leaf surface, form of bract margin, indumentum of bracteole surface, indumentum of calyx surface, corolla length, indumentum of corolla surface and style length. The cluster analysis based on Euclidian Distance Coefficient and SPSS V.11.5 software was used to determine the infra-specific relationships. The results of cluster analysis show diversity among the accessions of this species. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the morphological variability of S. atropatana accessions is due to the polymorphism, and infra-specific hybridization.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (10-2011)
Abstract
Aluminum toxicity is one of the most important limiting factors for plant growth and development in acidic soil (pH <5.5). Soil acidity and consequently availability of Al in the soil can be accelerated by some farming practices and acid rain. The mechanisms of Aluminum toxicity have not been elucidated yet. The first response of the plant to aluminium toxicity is the inhibition of root elongation, that is apparently resulted from increasing of cell wall cross links. Therefore, the effect of aluminium on activity and gene expression of enzymes involved in phenolic compounds biosynthesis such as phenylalanine ammonialyase and peroxidase was investigated in this research.To this end, the flax seeds grown in Hoagland’s solution were treated with 0, 50 and 100 &muM aluminium (as AlCl3. 6H2O). The results showed that aluminium decreased root growth but increased wall bound phenolics content, compared with those of the control plants. Increase of the activity of peroxidase especially in ionically and covalently fractions in Al-treated roots was consisted with reducing root growth. Increased activity, PAL expression and lignin contents were observed in higher concentrations of aluminum. The investigation of the expression of peroxidase isozymes, Flxper1 and Flxper3 suggested that Flxper3 is the isozyme which is more involved in aluminium toxicity in flax roots.
, Hamide Eskandari Torbaghan,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (2-2011)
Abstract
This study presents the electric behavior of sandwich devices based on porous silicon (PS) thin films with Au/Ps/Si/Cu structure when the material’s surface is exposed to different gases. PS thin films were fabricated by the electrochemical anodization method of Si–c (100) substrates with resistivity 1.4-2.6 Ωcm. Samples were anodized in a solution of HF (48%), C2H5OH (99.98%) and distilled water with different current densities, etching time(t) and anodization length(L). They exhibit a different behavior after anodization process. This behavior can be explained by band gap measurement on graph. In this research, measurement of I-V and I-T characteristics were carried out at different conditions, in the presence of O2, N2 and Co2 gases for gas sensing construction. The best response to gas exposure belonged to these parameters: current density= 20 mA/cm2 ،t = 1800 S ، PH = 1.869 and L = 4 cm.
F N, Mt Mt,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (2-2011)
Abstract
In this paper, we analyze, near infra red images of the central region of the local group galaxy M33. These images were obtained in K band with the UFTI instrument, installed on the UKIRT telescope. This is a part of a bigger project started in 2003 with an aim to investigate RGB and AGB stars in M33. K band magnitude was obtained for 18509 stars by fitting appropriate PSF models to stellar profiles in the images. The final catalogue was obtained by calibrating instrumental magnitude to standard system. Cross correlation methods was manipulated to assign J-K color index to each star. A color magnitude diagram was plotted which represents population of RGB, AGB and Carbon stars in the core of M33 galaxy
B Atashbar, N Agh,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (2-2012)
Abstract
Four Branchinecta orientalis populations from different parts of West Azarbaijan were compared using morphometric and ecological characteristics. Filed studies showed that, B. orientalis widely distributed in the lagoons around the Urmia Lake and also Northern regions of province. The discriminant function analysis based on morphological characteristics (12 in female and 10 male) measurements showed that there are significant differences between the studied populations, where 96 % of males, 91 % of females and cumulatively 85.3% of original grouped cases were correctly classified. As a general result, it may be concluded that discriminant function analysis using male morphological characters is a powerful tool in discrimination of populations under study.
Jamil Vaezi, Fatemeh Batyari, Hamid Ejtehadi, Mohammad Farsi, Mohammad Reza Joharchi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (2-2012)
Abstract
The genus Salvia is morphlogically investigated to provide an identification key based on morphological characters in the Northeast of Iran. In this study, we examined more than 350 herbarium and collected specimens of different populations and measured 79 quantitative and qualitative (vegetative and generative) characters. The results of the multivariate analysis (principal component analysis) and Nonparametric Test (K independent samples) indicate that the morphological characters such as blossom shape, ring of trichome inside of corolla and protrusion style differentiated the Salvia species. For the first time, the species Salvia shariffi is reported in the Jonoubi and Shomali Khorassans.
