Comparing The Effects Of Performing Three Mental Exertion During Cycling Exercise On Indicators Fatigue In Men Cyclist

Barzegarpoor, Hamidreza; Rajabi, Hamid; Mohammadi, Saied; Fayazmilani, Rana

Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024) RSMT 2024, 22(27): 15-33 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 20.1001.1.22520708.1398.0.0.16.1

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Barzegarpoor H, Rajabi H, Mohammadi S, Fayazmilani R. Comparing The Effects Of Performing Three Mental Exertion During Cycling Exercise On Indicators Fatigue In Men Cyclist. RSMT 2024; 22 (27) :15-33
URL: http://jsmt.khu.ac.ir/article-1-385-en.html

Comparing The Effects Of Performing Three Mental Exertion During Cycling Exercise On Indicators Fatigue In Men Cyclist

Hamidreza Barzegarpoor

, Hamid Rajabi

, Saied Mohammadi

, Rana Fayazmilani

Assistant professor at Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran.Iran. , r_milani@sbu.ac.ir

Abstract: (4857 Views)

Performing a mental exertion before and during an exercise increase fatigue indices. One of the important factors in inducing fatigue indices is the type of mental effort engaged. So, the purpose of the present study is comparing the effects of performing types of mental exertion during cycling exercise on fatigue indicators. Methods: 10 cyclist men (with average age 34.5 ± 4.5 kg, height 177 ± 4.5cm, peak power output 236 ± 36 W) invited for 5 different sessions. In the first session, anthropometric characteristics and of cycling peak power output have determined. In the next four sessions, cycling for 45-min at 65% PPO on the cycle ergometer with (Stroop, AX-CPT and PVT) or without (watching a movie) mental exertion. Rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were recorded while cycling every 10 min and cortisol concentration was measured before and 30 min after exercise finished. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to analyzing data. Results: Performing 45 minutes of Stroop mental exertion during cycling exercise increased effort perception, mental demand in the NASA questionnaire, and cortisol concentration compared to cycling exercise alone (P˂0/05) but there is no differences between AX-CPT and PVT to cycling exercise alone . Conclusion: The results of present study showed that performing different mental effort simultaneously with the cycling exercise depending on the amount of challenge and their duration may affect some of the fatigue indices.

Keywords: Rating Of Perceived Exertion, Mental Exertion, Mental Fatigue, Cortisol

Full-Text [PDF 2291 kb] (343 Downloads)

Type of Study: Applicable |
Received: 2023/04/21 | Accepted: 2023/11/18 | Published: 2024/08/31

References

1. Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Fatigue in neurological disorders. The lancet. 2004;363(9413):978-88. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15794-2]

2. Nozaki S, Tanaka M, Mizuno K, Ataka S, Mizuma H, Tahara T, et al. Mental and physical fatigue-related biochemical alterations. Nutrition. 2009;25(1):51-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2008.07.010]

3. Meeusen R, Watson P, Hasegawa H, Roelands B, Piacentini MF. Central fatigue. Sports Medicine. 2006;36(10):881-909. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200636100-00006]

4. Smith MR, Marcora SM, Coutts AJ. Mental fatigue impairs intermittent running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(8):1682-90. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000592]

5. McKenna MJ, Hargreaves M. Resolving fatigue mechanisms determining exercise performance: integrative physiology at its finest! : American Physiological Society; 2008. [DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.01139.2007]

6. Desmond PA, Neubauer MC, Matthews G, Hancock PA. The handbook of operator fatigue: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.; 2012.

7. Boksem MA, Tops M. Mental fatigue: costs and benefits. Brain research reviews. 2008;59(1):125-39. [DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.07.001]

8. Pageaux B, Lepers R, Dietz KC, Marcora SM. Response inhibition impairs subsequent self-paced endurance performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2014;114(5):1095-105. [DOI:10.1007/s00421-014-2838-5]

9. Smith MR, Chai R, Nguyen HT, Marcora SM, Coutts AJ. Comparing the effects of three cognitive tasks on indicators of mental fatigue. The Journal of psychology. 2019:1-25. [DOI:10.1080/00223980.2019.1611530]

10. Marcora SM, Staiano W, Manning V. Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans. Journal of applied physiology. 2009;106(3):857-64. [DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.91324.2008]

11. Pageaux B, Marcora SM, Rozand V, Lepers R. Mental fatigue induced by prolonged self-regulation does not exacerbate central fatigue during subsequent whole-body endurance exercise. Frontiers in human neuroscience. 2015;9:67. [DOI:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00067]

12. Chatain C, Radel R, Vercruyssen F, Rabahi T, Vallier JM, Bernard T, et al. Influence of cognitive load on the dynamics of neurophysiological adjustments during fatiguing exercise. Psychophysiology. 2019;56(6):e13343. [DOI:10.1111/psyp.13343]

13. Marcora S, Staiano W, Merlini M. A randomized controlled trial of brain endurance training (bet) to reduce fatigue during endurance exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2015;47(5S). [DOI:10.1249/01.mss.0000476967.03579.44]

14. Parasuraman R, Warm JS, See JE. Brain systems of vigilance. 1998.

15. Kuipers H, Verstappen F, Keizer H, Geurten P, Van Kranenburg G. Variability of aerobic performance in the laboratory and its physiologic correlates. International journal of sports medicine. 1985;6(04):197-201. [DOI:10.1055/s-2008-1025839]

16. Stroop JR. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of experimental psychology. 1935;18(6):643. [DOI:10.1037/h0054651]

17. Barch DM, Braver TS, Nystrom LE, Forman SD, Noll DC, Cohen JD. Dissociating working memory from task difficulty in human prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia. 1997;35(10):1373-80. [DOI:10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00072-9]

18. Klass M, Roelands B, Levenez M, Fontenelle V, Pattyn N, Meeusen R, et al. Effects of noradrenaline and dopamine on supraspinal fatigue in well-trained men. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2012;44(12):2299-308. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318265f356]

19. Borg GA. Physical performance and perceived exertion. 1962.

20. Craig AD. How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Nature reviews neuroscience. 2002;3(8):655. [DOI:10.1038/nrn894]

21. Pageaux B. Perception of effort in exercise science: definition, measurement and perspectives. European Journal of Sport Science. 2016;16(8):885-94. [DOI:10.1080/17461391.2016.1188992]

22. Marcora S. Perception of effort during exercise is independent of afferent feedback from skeletal muscles, heart, and lungs. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2009;106(6):2060-2. [DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.90378.2008]

23. de Morree HM, Klein C, Marcora SM. Cortical substrates of the effects of caffeine and time-on-task on perception of effort. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2014;117(12):1514-23. [DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00898.2013]

24. Poulet JF, Hedwig B. New insights into corollary discharges mediated by identified neural pathways. Trends in neurosciences. 2007;30(1):14-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2006.11.005]

25. Duncan MJ, Al-Nakeeb Y, Scurr J. Perceived exertion is related to muscle activity during leg extension exercise. Research in Sports Medicine. 2006;14(3):179-89. [DOI:10.1080/15438620600854728]

26. De Morree HM, Klein C, Marcora SM. Perception of effort reflects central motor command during movement execution. Psychophysiology. 2012;49(9):1242-53. [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01399.x]

27. Kjær M, Hanel B, Worm L, Perko G, Lewis SF, Sahlin K, et al. Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to exercise in hypoxia during impaired neural feedback from muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 1999;277(1):R76-R85. [DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.1.R76]

28. Grafton ST, MAZZIOTTA JC, Woods RP, Phelps ME. Human functional anatomy of visually guided finger movements. Brain. 1992;115(2):565-87. [DOI:10.1093/brain/115.2.565]

29. Posner MI, Rothbart MK, Sheese BE, Tang Y. The anterior cingulate gyrus and the mechanism of self-regulation. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience. 2007;7(4):391-5. [DOI:10.3758/CABN.7.4.391]

30. Parvizi J, Rangarajan V, Shirer WR, Desai N, Greicius MD. The will to persevere induced by electrical stimulation of the human cingulate gyrus. Neuron. 2013;80(6):1359-67. [DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.057]

31. Williamson J, McColl R, Mathews D, Mitchell J, Raven P, Morgan W. Hypnotic manipulation of effort sense during dynamic exercise: cardiovascular responses and brain activation. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2001;90(4):1392-9. [DOI:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.4.1392]

32. Martin K, Meeusen R, Thompson KG, Keegan R, Rattray B. Mental fatigue impairs endurance performance: a physiological explanation. Sports Medicine. 2018;48(9):2041-51. [DOI:10.1007/s40279-018-0946-9]

33. Smith MR, Coutts AJ, Merlini M, Deprez D, Lenoir M, Marcora SM. Mental fatigue impairs soccer-specific physical and technical performance. Medicine & science in sports & exercise. 2016;48(2):267-76. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000762]

34. Gusnard DA, Raichle ME. Searching for a baseline: functional imaging and the resting human brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2001;2(10):685. [DOI:10.1038/35094500]

35. Jonides J, Schumacher EH, Smith EE, Lauber EJ, Awh E, Minoshima S, et al. Verbal working memory load affects regional brain activation as measured by PET. Journal of cognitive neuroscience. 1997;9(4):462-75. [DOI:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.462]

36. Cohen JD, Perlstein WM, Braver TS, Nystrom LE, Noll DC, Jonides J, et al. Temporal dynamics of brain activation during a working memory task. Nature. 1997;386(6625):604. [DOI:10.1038/386604a0]

37. MacMahon C, Schücker L, Hagemann N, Strauss B. Cognitive fatigue effects on physical performance during running. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2014;36(4):375-81. [DOI:10.1123/jsep.2013-0249]

38. De Vente W, Olff M, Van Amsterdam J, Kamphuis J, Emmelkamp P. Physiological differences between burnout patients and healthy controls: blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol responses. Occupational and environmental medicine. 2003;60(suppl 1):i54-i61. [DOI:10.1136/oem.60.suppl_1.i54]

39. Penna EM, Filho E, Wanner SP, Campos BT, Quinan GR, Mendes TT, et al. Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in young swimmers. Pediatric exercise science. 2018;30(2):208-15. [DOI:10.1123/pes.2017-0128]

40. Williamson J, Fadel P, Mitchell J. New insights into central cardiovascular control during exercise in humans: a central command update. Experimental physiology. 2006;91(1):51-8. [DOI:10.1113/expphysiol.2005.032037]