, ,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Ssaeedeh Shiri Lord, Roghayeh Fakhrpour, Karim Azali Alamdari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Purpose; Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that involves rapid loss of muscle mass and function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous aerobic exercise on sarcopenia, changes in myofibrils in skeletal muscle and exercise performance in elderly rats with Alzheimer's disease, to investigate the effect of physical activity on reducing sarcopenia and changes in myofibrils in skeletal muscle and exercise performance in elderly rats with Alzheimer's should be measured.
Materials and Methods; In the present study, 40 aged Wistar rats with an average weight of 300 grams. The rats were randomly divided into four ten groups including control patient, training patient, healthy control, healthy training. The exercise group participated in a six-week continuous aerobic exercise program. The patient group was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine for 14 days, and after ensuring the induction of Alzheimer's disease using the novel object recognition test, the training group participated in a six-week continuous aerobic training program.
Results; Based on the results after six weeks of continuous aerobic training, according to the measurement of the tissue components in the soleus and EDL muscles of the healthy group of rats under training, it showed a slight increase in the extent of the tissue parenchyma and the diameter of the muscle fibers compared to the healthy control group, but these changes were not significant. The quantification of the extent of the tissue components in the soleus and EDL muscles of the studied rats showed a significant decrease in the muscle parenchyma and also a significant decrease in the average diameter of the muscle fibers in the patient group compared to the healthy control group (p<0.01). The area of the muscle parenchyma and the average diameter of the soleus and EDL muscle fibers in the mice of the patient group under training compared to the mice of the patient group showed a significant increase in tissue (p<0.05) and the amount of tissue edema and the presence of connective tissue showed a significant decrease (p<0.01 and p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that sports activities have positive effects on sarcopenia disease and myofibril changes, as well as the sports performance of rats with Alzheimer's disease.
Keywords: continuous aerobic exercises, Alzheimer's, sarcopenia, muscle myofibril
Background and Purpose; Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that involves rapid loss of muscle mass and function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous aerobic exercise on sarcopenia, changes in myofibrils in skeletal muscle and exercise performance in elderly rats with Alzheimer's disease, to investigate the effect of physical activity on reducing sarcopenia and changes in myofibrils in skeletal muscle and exercise performance in elderly rats with Alzheimer's should be measured.
Materials and Methods; In the present study, 40 aged Wistar rats with an average weight of 300 grams. The rats were randomly divided into four ten groups including control patient, training patient, healthy control, healthy training. The exercise group participated in a six-week continuous aerobic exercise program. The patient group was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine for 14 days, and after ensuring the induction of Alzheimer's disease using the novel object recognition test, the training group participated in a six-week continuous aerobic training program.
Results; Based on the results after six weeks of continuous aerobic training, according to the measurement of the tissue components in the soleus and EDL muscles of the healthy group of rats under training, it showed a slight increase in the extent of the tissue parenchyma and the diameter of the muscle fibers compared to the healthy control group, but these changes were not significant. The quantification of the extent of the tissue components in the soleus and EDL muscles of the studied rats showed a significant decrease in the muscle parenchyma and also a significant decrease in the average diameter of the muscle fibers in the patient group compared to the healthy control group (p<0.01). The area of the muscle parenchyma and the average diameter of the soleus and EDL muscle fibers in the mice of the patient group under training compared to the mice of the patient group showed a significant increase in tissue (p<0.05) and the amount of tissue edema and the presence of connective tissue showed a significant decrease (p<0.01 and p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that sports activities have positive effects on sarcopenia disease and myofibril changes, as well as the sports performance of rats with Alzheimer's disease.
Student Mina Khantan, Professor Behrouz Abdoli, Professor Alireza Farsi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is one of the newest supplementary method in order to improve the athletic performance and mental preparation of professional athletes. In this study, we investigated the effects of 10-session unihemispheric concurrent dual-site anodal-tDCS (a-tDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), on swimming performance, mental toughness (MT) and perceived exertion. 20 male professional swimmers (Age: 19.00±2.86 yrs) were participated in this randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled study. 100m free-style swimming test, the sport mental toughness questionnaire (SMTQ) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated as pre-tests. Then, athletes received 10-session tDCS (2mA for 20 min). 48 hrs following 10th session of tDCS, evaluations were repeated. ANCOVA was used for statistical analysis. After multi sessions of tDCS, swimming performance improved significantly (P=0.03) and total MT score increased significantly (P=0.046) and no significant change was observed in RPE. Based on the results of this study, multi-session tDCS along with routine training are recommended to improve swimmers performance and psychological aspects. Therefore, tDCS might be consider as a brain conditioning method.
Khadijeh Molaei, Sanaz Mirzayan Shanjani, Ali Gorzi, Yaser Kazemzadeh, Abdolali Banaeifar,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Testosterone enanthate increases muscle growth and athletic performance but is associated with oxidative stress and tissue damage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of propolis on oxidative stress markers induced by testosterone enanthate in the kidney tissue of female Wistar rats undergoing resistance training. Twenty-two 8-week-old female rats, weighing 208.22±14.17 g, were randomly divided into three groups: 1) resistance training + placebo (n=6), 2) resistance training + testosterone enanthate (n=8), 3) resistance training + testosterone enanthate + propolis (n=8). The rats underwent an 8-week resistance training protocol involving ladder climbing (five days per week). Testosterone enanthate was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight per injection, and propolis was administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight by gavage (each three times a week). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissue were measured by spectrophotometry. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that testosterone enanthate significantly decreased GPX and SOD levels and increased MDA levels. Propolis consumption led to a relative reduction in these oxidative stress markers, demonstrating its potential antioxidant effects.
Dr Sajad Karami, Dr Hamid Rajabi, Dr Majid Kashef, Dr Mohammad Ali Gharaat,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of acute glutamine supplementation along with intermittent exercise on Hsp70 and blood lactate response of club football players. Methodology: 32 players of the Tehran Railway team were selected and randomly divided into four groups: control, supplement, supplement-sports activity, and sports-activity. Subjects participated in daily exercises before conducting the study, and only two complementary groups - sports activity and sports activity - performed the periodic protocol. Blood samples were taken at baseline, pre-test, post-test and 90 minutes after the test. The supplement and placebo were consumed in an amount of 0.5 g/kgBW and a volume of 5 ml/kgBW one hour before the periodic protocol. The interval protocol included 3 stages of 20-minute running with an intensity of 80% of the maximum heart rate and a 5-minute rest of walking between the stages. HSP72 and blood lactate levels were measured using ELISA and enzymatic methods, respectively. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measures and the between-group factor at the P≤0.05 level. Findings: Glutamine supplement alone and together with exercise stimulate the response of HSP72 and the combination of supplement and exercise leads to a greater response of HSP72 and lactate changes did not play a role in this response. Discussion and conclusion: It seem that taking glutamine supplements in the long term creates more adaptations, which of course should be studied.
Mr Ramin Rafiei, Dr Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari, Mr Ali Shahhosseini,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Aim: One of the methods used to improve sports performance is the use of carbohydrate mouth rinse. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on the specific performance of trained soccer players.
Methods: Eighteen professional football players (22 ± 2 years) were randomized into two groups of carbohydrate mouth rinse (CMR) and placebo (P) in a fasted state after eight hours of sleep. During the two main test sessions, players were provided with either a color- and flavor-matched carbohydrate drink or a no-calorie drink (placebo) for a mouth rinse in a double-blind randomized crossover design. Players were asked to rinse the carbohydrate solution in their mouth for 10-15 seconds and then return it to the plastic cup. Sprint performance, maximum height jump, and 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT) were taken from the subjects.
Findings: Carbohydrate mouth rinse increased running distance in 15-30 IFT test. While there was no significant difference between the two groups in the performance of the 30-meter speed test and the maximum vertical jump.
Conclusion: Therefore, those soccer players who are unable to drink carbohydrate solutions due to digestive problems are advised to use the carbohydrate mouth rinse way to improve their performance during the game.
Abbas Laal Sazegar, Shahram Gholamrezaei Darsara, Mohammadreza Fadai Chafi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Exercise training and rice bran have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of combining the two interventions on inflammatory factors is unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training and rice bran consumption on the levels of selected inflammatory factors in overweight men. Sixty overweight men were randomly divided into four groups (n=15): control, rice bran, progressive aerobic training, and training + rice bran. Progressive aerobic training was performed at an intensity of 60-75% of maximum heart rate for, 20-35 min, 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week. Rice bran was consumed in an amount of 10 grams twice a day (before breakfast and before sleeping). Before and after the completion of the interventions, blood samples were taken and serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Analysis of covariance with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to interpret the data. There were significant decreases in the levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α with training and training + rice bran compared to the control and rice bran groups (p<0.05). The CRP and TNF-α reduction was also significant after rice bran consumption compared to the control group (p<0.001). Moreover, decrease in the levels of IL-6 (p=0.002) and TNF-α (p<0.001) in the training +rice bran group compared to the training group was also significant. The findings confirmed that aerobic training and rice bran consumption are effective in reducing inflammation, and there was a synergistic effect of rice bran supplementation and aerobic training.
Mojtaba Salehpour, Faezeh Rezvani, Farzane Hatami,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: GDNF protein is involved in neurocognitive plasticity and sarcopenia, and the increase of GDNF due to resistance training leads to healthier aging and delays sarcopenia, and TRX resistance training improves the performance and morale of the elderly. The purpose of this research is the effect of six weeks of TRX training on the level of GDNF protein in the serum of elderly women.
Materials and methods: The purpose of the research is applied with a semi-experimental method including pre-test - post-test with control group and field and laboratory data. 28 elderly women aged 55 to 75 years old from the retirement center of Shahid Rajaee Tarbiat University of Tehran were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) with an average age of 60.86 ± 5.60, weight 75.00 ± 11.95, BMI ± 4.22 27.65 and six weeks of TRX training and the control group (13 people) with an average age of 64.38 ± 4.03, weight 72.69 ± 4.95, BMI 28.33 ± 2.18 and no training were divided. In the first and sixth weeks, both groups were tested for upper body strength, lower body strength and GDNF protein level by ELISA method.Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of data distribution, Levine's test for homogeneity of variances and one-way analysis of covariance test at a significance level of P < 0.05 was used to test hypotheses and statistical calculations were performed with spss24.
Results: In the results of covariance analysis of upper body and lower body strength, there is a significant difference between the two groups at the level of P <0.05. By removing the effect of the pre-test variable, there is a significant difference between the amount of GDNF protein in the experimental and control groups. By comparing the adjusted averages in the experimental and control groups, the amount of GDNF protein in the experimental group (443.102 ± 15.751) is significantly higher than the control group (209.756 ± 17.029) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Six weeks of TRX training had a significant effect on the amount of GDNF protein, upper and lower body strength of elderly women, and it can probably be effective in reducing or delaying sarcopenia.
Dr Rohollh Nikooie, Msr Bahareh Hajmalek, Dr Dariush Moflehi, Mr Amir Nejad Vaziri,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: This semi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of insulin resistance on substrate selection during exercise in obese diabetic women.
Methods: 24 inactive obese women, including control (C; n=8,BMI=31.03±1.18), non-insulin resistance (NIR;n=8,BMI=30.91±0.78), and insulin resistance (IR, n=8,BMI=31.57±0.91) groups, were purposely selected and performed a standard incremental test with an initial workload of 50 W and increased in the workload of 20 W every three minutes. Respiratory gases were collected throughout the test. Cross-over point (COP), a point at which the metabolic substrate changes from fat to carbohydrates, and FATmax point at which fat has the highest contribution to energy supply, were determined. Heart rate and oxygen consumption corresponding to COP and FATmax, points were calculated and compared among the groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: In both diabetic groups, heart rate (P<0.001) and oxygen consumption (P<0.001) corresponding to COP were significantly lower compared to the C. Both variables had lower values in the IR compared to the NIR (P<0.001). In both diabetic groups, oxygen consumption corresponding to the FATmax point was significantly lower compared to the C (P<0.001) and had lower values in IR compared to the NIR (P<0.001). Conclusion: In general, the results of the present study showed that insulin resistance is associated with more reliance on carbohydrates and diminished fat oxidation at submaximal exercise intensities.
Elham Shakoor, Sadegh Amani, Ahmad Ghasemian, Ahmad Mehrez,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Mohsen Alinaghizade, Reza Gharakhanlou, Mahdieh Mollanouri Shamsi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Ms. Fatemeh Safari, Ms. Reyhane Rafie, Ms. Hanieh Golshadi, Mr. Hamed Rezaei Adriani, Dr Mojtaba Babaei Khorzoghi, Dr Mohsen Shanbeh,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Sports injuries hold significant importance due to several reasons such as injury types and their nature, identifying risk factors associated with these injuries, the effectiveness of sports equipment, and individual variations in injury occurrence. Common among athletes, these injuries range from sprains and strains to fractures, significantly impacting their performance. One of the methods to prevent all kinds of injuries is the use of smart textiles and wearable technologies. Smart textiles refer to textile-based structures that have the ability to sense or react to various stimuli, including physiological variables of the body. These structures play a significant role in monitoring the performance of athletes in various disciplines and improving sports injuries, both among athletes and at the community level. This study reviews the definitions, nature, and types of sports injuries, and the principles and application of smart textiles in sports. Moreover, heat-generating smart textiles as a method of improving and treating sports injuries are explained. Information was collected through searches on Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar using keywords such as "sports injuries," "smart textiles," "wearable technology," and "heat-generating textiles" within the time frame of 2000-2023. The review followed a systematic approach, including defining the topic, selecting relevant databases, and using a combination of keywords to gather comprehensive and representative sources. The most significant findings from the reviewed articles include the effectiveness of heat therapy in reducing muscle soreness and promoting recovery, the role of smart textiles in injury improvement, and the advancements in wearable technology for monitoring and improving athletic performance. Flexibility, air permeability, and temperature control were among the features of textile-based structures designed and investigated in various studies. Previous studies also showed that the textile structure and the type of conductive materials, such as conductive polymers and conductive yarns, affect its heat generation capability and uniformity. Moreover, the use of conductive yarns showed more technical advantages, such as higher uniformity in heat generation compared to other proposed methods.
Adel Najafi Babadi, Mohammad Fashi, , ,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Direct assessment of one-repetition maximum (1RM) in blind athletes presents challenges due to visual limitations and associated risks. Therefore, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) has been suggested as a safer, indirect method. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between RPE and different percentages of 1RM in the bench press exercise among blind athletes.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 43 elite blind athletes (mean age 27.2 ± 5.5 years; BMI 25.5 ± 2.4 kg/m²) from four sports (goalball, football, athletics, and swimming) in B1, B2, and B3 categories participated. Initially, each athlete's 1RM was assessed using standard methods, and then the RPE was measured using the CR-10 scale at 40% to 90% of 1RM.
Results: The findings revealed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.89) between RPE and various percentages of 1RM. The mean RPE scores for 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% of 1RM were 3.16, 4.13, 5.32, 6.85, 8.04, and 9.05, respectively.
Conclusion: These results suggest that RPE can be used as a safe and reliable tool alongside 1RM for resistance training programming in blind athletes.
Ms Mahboubeh Kavianipour, Dr Ali Hassani, Dr Elham Vosadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: Weakness in physical fitness is one of the factors that reduce the quality of life, illness, and injury of the elderly. Elderly people who do physical exercises reduce the occurrence of falls and the risk of fractures, suffer from depression and dementia, and improve physical fitness. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of eight weeks of Fall proof and combined training on the physical fitness of elderly women.
Methods: The subjects included 45 elderly women, who were randomly divided into three groups: control, Combination training, and Fall proof training. A pre-test and a post-test were conducted for all groups, which included the measurement of some physical fitness factors. Then, the experimental groups did an exercise program for eight weeks, three sessions per week, and each session lasted 60 minutes, and during this time, the control group did their daily activities.
Results: In this study, it was shown that a course of Combination and Fall proof training caused a significant increase in improving strength (P=0.001 and P=0.001), body composition (P=0.003 and P=0.001), static balance (P=0.001 and P=0.04), dynamic balance (P=0.001 and P=0.001), flexibility (P=0.01 and P=0.001) and cardiovascular endurance (P=0.001 and P=0.001) in the elderly and the effect of Combination training on muscle strength was more than Fall proof training (P=0.04). Also, in static balance and flexibility, Fall proof training was more effective than Combination training (P=0.08 and P=0.004).
Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be concluded that using both training protocols used in this study can be used to improve the level of physical fitness of the elderly. Based on these results, the two training protocols were not significantly superior to each other.
Mr Hadi Habibi, Dr Ali Asghar Ravasi, Dr Neda Khaledi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
The impact of maternal physical activity on offspring health and phenotypic changes due to exercise has emerged as a significant area of interest in exercise physiology in recent years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of a maternal high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on the expression of PGC1α and SIRT1 genes in the skeletal muscle of first-generation offspring in Wistar rats. Twenty-four 8-week-old female Wistar rats were acclimatized to the environment and then divided into three groups: a maternal control group, a maternal pre-pregnancy exercise group, and a maternal exercise group that trained both before and during pregnancy. The pre-pregnancy exercise regimen lasted 6 weeks, while the exercise during pregnancy lasted 3 weeks. The exercise protocol involved treadmill running, consisting of 5 days per week, with each session including 1 minute of running at 85-100% of VO2peak and a 10% incline, followed by 2 minutes of rest at 65% of VO2peak and 0% incline. The number of intervals started at 10 and increased based on the overload principle. The control group remained sedentary during this period. After the exercise period and the birth of the offspring, male offspring were categorized according to their maternal groups, and the expression levels of PGC1α and SIRT1 genes in their skeletal muscle were evaluated at 10 weeks of age. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test.
The results indicated that after the 6-week HIIT program, both the pre-pregnancy exercise group and the group that exercised before and during pregnancy showed significant differences in speed and distance in the functional performance test compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, significant differences were observed in the expression of PGC1α and SIRT1 genes among the groups after the birth of the offspring. These differences were significant between the pre-pregnancy exercise group, the pre- and during-pregnancy exercise group, and the control group (P < 0.05). It appears that maternal exercise before and during pregnancy induces changes in the mitochondrial genotype of the offspring, with a more pronounced effect on the expression of mitochondrial genes such as PGC1α and SIRT1 when exercise occurs both before and during pregnancy compared to exercise before pregnancy alone.
Doctor Vahid Sari Saraf, Doctor Ramin Amirsasan, Phd Student Mahdi Faraji,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Objectives: Wrestlers use new methods to improve their performance. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the effect of six weeks of wrestling- specific competitive training on the functional responses of male freestyle wrestlers. Methods: Thirty six wrestlers were selected according to the physical characteristics of age (21.60 ± 2.95 yr), height (173.5 ± 5.05 cm), weight (70.00 ± 9.96 kg), fat percentage (16.20 ± 2.24%), body mass index (23.18 ±/ 53 kg/m2) and at least 2 years wrestling experience. After measurement of the isometric strength tests of hands, hand and foot power, the subjects in two groups of Tabata training (TT) and normal club wrestling training program (WT) were divided for a period of 6 weeks (n= 18 for each group) , tests were taken again at the end of 6 weeks to check the performance of the wrestlers in the two groups. The obtained data were analyzed by using the Shapiro-Wilk statistical test for normality of the data and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurements, post-hoc test and Friedman's non-parametric test in cases of non-normal distribution, level of α < 0.05 were checked by SPSS 24. Results: Six weeks of wrestling- specific completive training (TT) on left hand power, peak power, average power and upper limb fatigue index and pressure perception had a significant effect (p<0.05), but on right hand power, peak, average, minimum power and index Lower limb fatigue had no significant effect (p>0.05). Conclusion: Wrestling-specific competitive training could improve some performance indicators in male freestyle wrestlers.
Mr Mobin Zibalagha, Dr Hamid Rajabi, Dr Kia Ranjbar,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Anaerobic capacity of the upper body is one of the special needs of wrestling athletes, which is measured in laboratory conditions by the Wingate hand test, but specialized field tests to measure this index are limited. Accordingly, in this research, an attempt was made to design a special field test to It should be used to measure the anaerobic power of the upper body of wrestlers. In this research, 20 wrestlers with an average age of 17.80 ± 2.50 years, height 172.90 ± 7.04 cm, weight 66.09 ± 13.03 kg, and body mass index 22.20 ± 2.76 kg/m2 Kurdistan province team members with national and international championship history and those without championship history were present. The movement in the hanging position was used at maximum speed.After performing the Wingate test and the designed test, the maximum, average and minimum anaerobic power and the fatigue index were calculated by the respective formulas, also the heart rate was measured immediately and the lactate level 2 minutes after the execution of the tests. Therefore, the designed test was based on the test Wingate upper body has acceptable validity, reliability and objectivity and is recommended as a valid and special test to measure the anaerobic power of the upper body of wrestlers
Msc Ashkan Koushki, Professor Hamid Aghgaalinegad, Professor Reza Gharakhanlou3,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Aim: Optimal performance is the ultimate goal of athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on athletic performance and metabolic adaptations. Methodes: The participants were divided into 4 groups: High-Intensity Running Training (HIITRUN), Sport-Specific High-Intensity training (HIITSPORT), Combined Training (HIITSPORT+RUN), and Control. The measured indicators included: maximum running speed in the 30-15 test (VIFT), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), the SWFT index and throws in the sport-specific wrestling fitness test, fatigue index, and maximal lactate. Comparisons between dependent variables were performed using a two-way analysis of variance (group and time) with repeated measures. Result: Significant changes in (VIFT) and VO2max were observed in HIITSPORT+RUN (P<0.05) and HIITRUN (P<0.05) compared to pre-training, control, and HIITSPORT. The fatigue index showed a significant decrease in HIITSPORT+RUN and HIITRUN compared to pre-training in the other groups. HIITSPORT+RUN (P<0.05) showed the greatest improvements in the SWFT index compared to HIITRUN and HIITSPORT, and the time-group interaction confirmed its superiority. Post-exercise lactate levels in HIITSPORT+RUN (P<0.05) were lower than in HIITRUN, but no significant difference was observed in the time-group interaction (P<0.05). The difference in maximal lactate levels before and after exercise in HIITSPORT+RUN (P<0.05) was lower compared to HIITRUN. HIITSPORT+RUN (P<0.05) showed better performance in the SWFT compared to pre-training. The fatigue index decreased in all training groups except for the control (P<0.05). Conclusion: the combined HIIT approach of sport-specific training and running is the most effective method for improving wrestlers' performance and metabolic adaptations.
Kia Salimi, Ali Asghar Ravasi, Siroos Choobineh, Kamran Rakhshan ,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: Structural remodeling of the heart following myocardial infarction often leads to heart failure, a condition characterized by impaired cardiac function and increased hemodynamic load. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and ventricular remodeling play key roles in the pathogenesis of heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined administration of propionate and low-volume HIIT on inflammatory status and cardiac function in mice with heart failure.
Methodology: Forty male Wistar rats (8 weeks old, 200–250 g) were induced with HF by isoproterenol injection (130 mg/kg) and randomly assigned to five groups: (1) Control, (2) heart failure, (3) heart failure + Propionate, (4) heart failure + HIIT, and (5) heart failure + HIIT + Propionate. HIIT consisted of 10 one-minute bouts with a 1:1 work-to-rest ratio, performed over 6 weeks. Propionate was administered orally at a dose of 1000 mg/kg prior to each training session. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, and cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p<0.05).
Findings: Both HIIT and propionate individually improved cardiac function and inflammatory markers. The combined intervention significantly increased ejection fraction (p = 0.038) and fractional shortening (p=0.023), reduced TNF-α (p=0.0061), and increased IL-10 levels (p=0.0007), yielding superior outcomes compared with individual treatments.
Discussion and conclusion: This study demonstrates that the combination of propionate supplementation with low-volume HIIT effectively improves inflammation and cardiac function in rats with heart failure.
Dr Sepideh Jafariyan, Dr Amirabbas Monazzami, Dr Tuoraj Ahmadijouybari, Dr Kheirollah Yari Khalilani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder. Aerobic exercise is a key non-pharmacological strategy for MAFLD management, yet the impact of different training intensities remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on non-invasive liver indices, body composition, and metabolic markers in middle-aged women with MAFLD.
Methods: In this clinical trial, 41 women with MAFLD (41.39 ± 6.16 years; BMI: 32.14 ± 3.36 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to HIIT, MICT, or control groups. MICT involved 30–45 minutes at 60–70% heart rate reserve, while HIIT included 4–6 bouts of 30 seconds at 50–100–110% of maximal aerobic speed. Body composition (weight, BMI, BAI, ABSI), steatosis (HSI, FSI, LFS), fibrosis (NFS, NRS, FIB-4, FIB-5, APRI), and metabolic indices (LAP, CMI) were measured before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and GLMRM (p < 0.05).
Results: Both HIIT and MICT significantly reduced weight, BMI, BAI, and LFS. ABSI increased in control. HSI decreased following HIIT, while FSI decreased after MICT. Among fibrosis indices, only FIB-5 showed a significant reduction in MICT compared to HIIT, and NRS decreased in MICT compared to control. LAP decreased in both training groups relative to control, whereas CMI decreased only in MICT.
Conclusion: Although MICT demonstrated superiority in certain parameters, HIIT elicited comparable effects in a shorter duration and may represent an efficient strategy for the clinical management of MAFLD.
