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Mr Saeed Mollahoseini Paghale, Mr Milad Fallahzade, Dr Mohammadreza Amirseyfadini,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction and objectives: In the past decades, the control of hand tremors in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's has attracted a lot of attention. The theories of closed-loop deep brain stimulation method are increasing significantly. The purpose of this article is to provide an automatic closed-loop method for the rehabilitation of Parkinson's patients with hand tremor symptoms using machine learning.
Materials and methods: In this article, a mathematical model including muscle model, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex and supplementary motor area is used to simulate tremor. Also, to control hand tremors, a non-integer proportional-derivative-integral controller (non-integer PID) has been used, as well as using the smart Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm as a subset of reinforcement learning to adjust the coefficients.
Findings: In addition to reducing hand tremors and automatic learning for use in different levels of the disease, which has given acceptable results compared to other control methods, among the advantages of the Prihadi method is the practical implementation of this method in the real world due to the simplicity of the controller. And also the easy implementation of the intelligent algorithm is due to the automatic adjustment of the coefficients of artificial intelligence networks.
Conclusion: In addition to optimizing output symptoms such as hand tremors compared to other controllers, the proposed intelligent system can also be used for all levels of the disease due to its adaptability, causing a significant reduction in the side effects caused by continuous brain stimulation in the brain stimulation method. It opens in the form of a ring.
Dr Rohollh Nikooie, Msr Bahareh Hajmalek, Dr Dariush Moflehi, Mr Amir Nejad Vaziri,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: This semi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of insulin resistance on substrate selection during exercise in obese diabetic women.
Methods: 24 inactive obese women, including control (C; n=8,BMI=31.03±1.18), non-insulin resistance (NIR;n=8,BMI=30.91±0.78), and insulin resistance (IR, n=8,BMI=31.57±0.91) groups, were purposely selected and performed a standard incremental test with an initial workload of 50 W and increased in the workload of 20 W every three minutes. Respiratory gases were collected throughout the test. Cross-over point (COP), a point at which the metabolic substrate changes from fat to carbohydrates, and FATmax point at which fat has the highest contribution to energy supply, were determined. Heart rate and oxygen consumption corresponding to COP and FATmax, points were calculated and compared among the groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: In both diabetic groups, heart rate (P<0.001) and oxygen consumption (P<0.001) corresponding to COP were significantly lower compared to the C. Both variables had lower values in the IR compared to the NIR (P<0.001). In both diabetic groups, oxygen consumption corresponding to the FATmax point was significantly lower compared to the C (P<0.001) and had lower values in IR compared to the NIR (P<0.001). Conclusion: In general, the results of the present study showed that insulin resistance is associated with more reliance on carbohydrates and diminished fat oxidation at submaximal exercise intensities.
Mahdi Safari Bak, Reza Baharifard, Amin Gandomkar,
Volume 18, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
The chronic ankle sprain is the most common injury among athletes, and using the tape is one way to prevent it. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the Kinsio-tape on the compressive and shear mechanical forces of the ankle joint during single-leg jump landing. 12 subjects were selected based on inclusion criteria. Subjects were asked to perform landing after jump in the conditions of with Kinsio-tape and barefoot, with the injured leg. The peak and mean compressive and shear forces of ankle joint were calculated in MATLAB software. Paired t-test was used to test the hypotheses (P≤0.05). There is no significant difference in all variables between two condition of landing with barefoot (mean of shear force= 0/05 ± 0/01, peak of shear force= 0/85 ± 0/06, mean of compressive force= 0/39 ± 0/02, peak of compressive force= 4/41 ± 0/22) and with Kinsio tape (mean of shear force= 0/05 ± 0/01, peak of shear force= 0/82 ± 0/06, mean of compressive force= 0/38 ± 0/03, peak of compressive force= 4/43 ± 0/28) (P>0.05). Since the use of the Kinsio-tape did not make a significant difference in the variables, it cannot be suggested as a safe prescription to protect ankle joint from compressive and shear mechanical forces in volleyball players.
Effat Hosseinzadeh, Mansour Eslami,
Volume 18, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: The ability to attain high level of speed is an essential component of success in many sports fields. However, physical qualities that underpin this ability remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of leg stiffness and vertical stiffness in predicting sprint running. Methods: 50 healthy females were selected among physical education students. The required kinetic and kinetic data were collected in three dimensions. The kinetic and kinematic variables rrunning skill was used to measure both stiffness variables. A multivariate regression model was used to examine the possibility of predicting running speed using leg stiffness and vertical stiffness. Findings: The results of multiple regression showed that there is a significant relationship between the two-leg stiffness and vertical stiffness with mean running speed (R = 0.671), and these two variables can predict 42% of Average speed variation (Adj. R square=0.426). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the ability of individuals to sprint running is likely to be significantly dependent on leg stiffness and vertical stiffness. The results of this study can provide important information for designing training programs and talent detection for trainers and specialists in this field.
Elahe Talebi-Garakani, Shokoufeh Kheradmand, Khadijeh Nasiri,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in postmenopausal women is higher compared to men. A decrease in estrogen with menopause leads to dysfunction in mitochondria. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of high intensity aerobic training(HIT) on the copy number of mitochondrial genome (mtDNAcn) and mitochondrial transcription factor A(Tfam) in visceral adipose tissue(VAT) in ovariectomized(OVX) rats fed with high-fat diet(HFD). 40 rats (8 weeks, 200±20 gr) were divided into 5 groups:1) normal diet (ND), 2) ND+OVX, 3) HFD, 4) HFD+OVX, and 5) HFD+OVX+HIT. HIT performed aerobic training (80-85% of maximum oxygen consumption) for 8 weeks/5 sessions/42 minutes.48 hours after the last training session, VAT samples were taken to evaluate mtDNAcn and Tfam gene expression by qRT-PCR method. ANOVA and LSD tests were used to compare the differences between groups. OVX and HFD didn’t lead to a significant change in Tfam gene expression, but caused a significant decrease in the mtDNAcn compared to the control group. HIT caused a significant increase in Tfam gene expression compared to the control group and Tfam gene expression and mtDNAcn compared to the HFD+OVX. Hence, HIT improves mitochondrial function through mtDNAcn and Tfam gene expression in VAT in OVX rats fed by HFD.
Masoud Barzegar, Malihe Hadadnezhad, Sadredin Shojaedin, Amir Letafatkar, Rose Fouladi,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
The aim of this research was effect of eight weeks of neuromuscular training (NMT) with and without cognitive-dual tasks (DTs) on proprioception and balance of athletes with ACL deficiency (ACL-D). 39 soccer players with ACL-D were selected purposefully and randomly divided into three groups of 13 (control group, neuromuscular training group and neuromuscular training with dual tasks group). Two training groups performed the exercises for eight weeks and three sessions per week. cognitive-motor dual tasks were performed in one of the groups along with neuromuscular exercises in the form of counting down numbers, memorizing numbers, calculating unexpected equations, specialized football skill movements. The results of the current study indicated that there was no significant difference in knee joint proprioception in the open and closed kinetic chain after applying the intervention between the three groups, but there was a significant difference in lower extremity performance of the athletes based on the Y balance test in the anterior and posterior-lateral direction between the three groups (p<0.05). It seems that providing neuromuscular exercises along with cognitive-dual tasks can probably be considered as a useful approach to improve lower extremity performance based on the Y balance test in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency.