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The Effect Of Different Doses Of Caffeine Chewing Gum On Stress Hormones And Shooting Performance Of Military Men
Hamdollah Hadi,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract 
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of different doses of caffeine chewing gum on stress hormones and shooting performance of military men. The subjects of the present research were 10 commanders of Valiasr Police Training Center in Tabriz with a mean and standard deviation of age of 31.52±2.78 years, weight of 75.32±3.91 kilograms, His height was 176.14 ± 4.84 cm. The levels of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone and oxytocin in the blood as well as shooting performance were measured after consuming different doses of caffeine. In the first phase, the placebo was given 15 minutes before the shooting. In the second, third and fourth stages (the time interval between each stage is 5 days), all the subjects were given caffeine gum with doses of 150, 200 and 300 mg 15 minutes before the shooting. Gum and placebo were given to the participants in a double-blind manner. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data(P≤0.05). The results of the present study showed that the consumption of caffeine gum in doses of 200 and 300 grams causes a significant decrease in all three stress hormones and also a significant increase in shooting performance, however, the consumption of a dose of 150 mg of caffeine don’t have an effect on the reduction of stress hormones and Shooting performance. According to these results, shooting athletes can be advised to use caffeine gum with doses of 200 and 300 mg before their training and competitions. However, more studies are needed to comment on the use of different doses of caffeine, especially in the form of chewing gum.
 
The Effect Of Swimming Aerobic Training On The Levels Of IL-6 And IL-10 In The Brain Tissue Of Female Mice With Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Elmira Ahmadi, Shahnaz Shahrbanian, Mohamadreza Kordi, Reza Gharakhanlou, Gregory Pearcey,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The imbalance of inflammatory cytokines in the brain causes mental fatigue. It is believed that aerobic exercise may moderate the level of inflammation of cytokines and thus reduce mental fatigue. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swimming aerobic training on pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin 6) and anti-inflammatory factors (interleukin 10) to evaluate mental fatigue in the brains of female mice after EAE induction. In this research, 21 mice (8 weeks old, 18 to 20 grams) were divided into three groups: healthy control, EAE control, and EAE swimming aerobic exercise. The animals in the training group performed moderate-intensity swimming exercises for 4 weeks, with 5 sessions per week, each session lasting 30 minutes. The western blot method was used to analyze the research variables. The results showed no significant difference in the amount of IL-6 between the EAE group and the swimming training group, but the amount of IL-10 in the swimming training group showed a significant increase compared to the EAE group. The ratio of IL-10/IL-6 values between the swimming training group and the EAE group was also not significant. It seems that moderate-intensity swimming aerobic exercises, without changing the pro-inflammatory factor, along with increasing the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, can lead to an improvement in the balance of the inflammatory index and a reduction in fatigue in the EAE group and the swimming exercise group.

The Effect Of A Period Of Aerobic Exercises On Of Depression And Changes The Oxidative Stress In The Hippocampus And Prefrontal
Azam Davoodabadi, Saeed Naqeibi, Ali Barzegari, Mohammad Hassaan Dashty Khavidaki,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
The aim of this study was the effect of a course of aerobic exercises on depression and oxidative stress factor changes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats with Alzheimer's disease. For this purpose, 40 8-week-old male Wistar rats with an average weight of 237±33 grams were randomly divided into four groups of 10: control, exercise, Alzheimer's, and exercise+Alzheimer's. The training protocol consisted of 12 weeks of running on a treadmill at a speed of 12 meters per minute and for 30 minutes in each session. At the end of the training period, the tests of feeding sensation suppression and tail suspension were performed to estimate depression as well as hippocampal and prefrontal malondialdehyde levels using the Bradford method. Also, in order to induce Alzheimer's, an amount of three mg/kg of streptozocin in a volume of five microliters of sterile distilled water was injected into the ventricle of the brain. The results showed that exercise training caused a significant decrease in depression in eating delay tests and immobility duration in Alzheimer's rats. Also, exercise caused a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's rats, while a significant difference was observed in the prefrontal area. It didn't happen. It seems that sports activity creates immunity against Alzheimer's and is probably effective in preventing depression in Alzheimer's patients.

The Combined Effect Of Aerobic Exercise And Vegetarian Diet On Blood Pressure In Adults With Overweight And Obesity: A Meta-Analysis Systematic Review
Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Mohammad Hossein Mahboobi, Karim Azali Alamdari,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of combining aerobic exercise (AE) and vegetarian diet (VD) on blood pressure and body weight in adults with overweight and obesity. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar databases were searched until February 2023 for English articles, and 1065 articles were found. Meta-analyses were performed to compare the impact of aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet on body weight, blood pressure in adults with overweight and obesity. Data analysis was performed using random effect model and weighted mean differences (WMD). The results of meta-analysis of 25 studies with 10192 adults showed that combined aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet significantly decreased in body weight [WMD=-4.63, p=0.001] , systolic blood pressure [WMD=-6.94, p=0.001] , and diastolic blood pressure [WMD=-4.5, p=0.001] , in adults with overweight and obesity.  Aerobic training alongside vegetarian diet as a non-medication approach for weight loss and blood pressure control in adults with overweight and/or obesity. In addition, aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet with both types of duration (less than 12 weeks and more than 12 weeks) cause a significant decrease in blood pressure in adults with overweight and obesity.

The Effect Of Using Silver And Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Clothing On The Physiological Responses And Sport Performance Of Active Women
Masomeh Aghazadeh, Sakineh Aminnezhad,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
One of the ways to optimize sports activities is the use of nanotechnology. Silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles have valuable effects in improving sports performance of athletes. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of clothes containing silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the physiological responses and sports performance of female athletes. The statistical population of the research was women active in public sports in Maku city. The sample size was selected by random method and 10 female athletes (with an average age of 25.9, an average weight of 60 kg and a body mass index of 25.49) were selected. The effect of the treatments (sports activity with and without nano clothes) on endurance, moisture absorption, bacterial removal, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate of the athletes were investigated. The results showed that the use of clothes containing silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles increases their endurance. These clothes lead to an increase in bacteria removal in them. The clothes containing these nanoparticles were effective in reducing their blood pressure. It also improved moisture absorption in female athletes. In general, clothes containing silver nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles have an effect on reducing the physiological responses and sports performance of female athletes.

 
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