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Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Hyper-kyphosis anomalies are common disorders of spine. The aim of this study was to Establishment of dynamic postural assessment indicators in young girls with and without hyper-kyphosis.
In the study, 200 girls were selected according to the angle of kyphosis they were divided into two groups comprising of with and without Hyper-kyphosis. Evaluate dynamic posture, the tests back flattening, wall angle position, bilateral forward reach, pelvic tail tuck, head hanging forward, shoulder mobility, shoulder range in internal rotation and external rotation were used. The results showed a significant difference between the partial and general scores of the dynamic body condition assessment test for girls, with and without Hyper-kyphosis. The normal kyphosis group had better dynamic posture than the Hyper-kyphosis group. Dynamic body posture assessment tests can be considered good tool to assess and identify the limitations and movement disorders of people with Hyper-kyphosis.
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Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Considering the prevalence of pain and disability in the knee joint, the present study investigated the effect of core stability training with improving knee joint proprioception on balance, pain and functional disability of women with chronic knee pain. 20 women aged 30 to 50 with chronic knee pain were placed in two experimental and control groups. To measure static and dynamic balance, pain and functional disability, the stork balance tests, Y, VAS and VOMACK questionnaire were used, respectively. Exercises were followed for eight weeks in the experimental group. To evaluate the research hypotheses, the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements was used in spss software version 24. The results showed that before the exercise protocol, there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups in any of the measured variables. While the eight-week training protocol caused a significant difference in static and dynamic balance, functional disability and pain between the control and experimental groups. Therefore, core stability training with improving knee joint proprioception increase balance in people with chronic knee pain, which can reduce the risk of falling in these people and improve the quality of life by improving pain and functional disability.
Hossein Nabavinik, Mohsen Ali Darchini, Reza Azimi,
Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Core stability and plyometric exercises are training methods that athletes use to improve their performance. The purpose of this study was exploring the effect of a period of six week plyometric and core stability exercise on some of physical fitness of boy's athlete. Methods: 36 male athletes who were male with 11-14 years old participated in the semi-experimental study. They randomly divided in three group that each group has 12 subjects (first group; core stability exercise, second group; plyometric exercise and third group; control). The performance tests (standing broad Jump, Vertical Jump, 9.1 m Sprint, Shuttle Run, Flexibility and seated medicine ball toss tests) applied a day before starting core stability and plyometric exercises. Then post-test applied. In order to analysis data, ANOVA test was used (p<0.05). Results: Both core stability and plyometric exercise group showed significance increase in performance tests (Standing Broad Jump, Vertical Jump, 9.1 m Sprint, Shuttle Run). Conclusion: Based on the findings, we recommend the core stability and plyometric exercises in order to improve some of physical fitness of athletes.
Mostafa Zarei, Nazanin Dalvandpour, Alireza Hoseini,
Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Functional Movement Screen Test is one of the tests used to identify asymmetries and limitations in basic and fundamental movements. For time management and fast execution of this test, some researchers have suggested reducing the number of tests. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the internal consistency and correlation between components of this test. The present study was a correlational study. In this study, movement screen test was performed on 165 male and female students aged 18 to 25 years of Shahid Beheshti University using a special FMS kit. Results: The internal consistency of the test, measured by Cronbach's alpha method, was acceptable (α=0.71). The results of multivariate regression test showed that there was a low to medium correlation between the internal components of the test, but a high correlation was observed between the test components and the final FMS score. The results also showed a high correlation between the "four small movements" (Active leg raising, shoulder mobility, stability push up and rotary stability) and the total FMS score and a low correlation between the "three big movements" and the FMS score. Motor function screen test is a valid tool for evaluating motor performance. The results also show that in large communities such as students, and if there is a time limit, "four small movements" can be used instead of seven.
Reza Khazaei, Dr Mansour Sahebozamani, Dr Abdolhamid Daneshjoo,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
Postural disorders disrupt muscle activity and lead to joint dysfunction. Maintaining the function of the shoulder joint requires precise coordination and on-time action of muscles, and its dysfunction lead to change in the level of muscle activity, movement disorder. This study aimed to measure the effects of corrective exercise program with kinesiotaping and physio-ball and durability of these effects after 4 weeks on EMG of serratus anterior, middle trapezius and rhomboids major muscles among male young with upper crossed syndrome. Forty-five male young with upper crossed syndrome (control group: age:17.00±0.75, height 163.93±2.01, weight 65.20±6.51، BMI 25.10±2.76, corrective exercise with physio-ball: age 16.93±0.88, height 161.66±6.85 ,weight 63.40±10.09، BMI 26.84±3/04, corrective exercise with kinesiotaping: age 17.00± 0.92, height 161.53±7.25, weight 62.86±6/81, BMI 27.88±3/84) objectively selected and participated in this study. The training program designed based on the previous studies and conducted during 8 weeks, three sessions per week (each session 40 to 60 minutes) under the supervision of the examiner. EMG device was used to measure of the MVIC electrical activity of trapezius, rhomboids and serratus anterior muscle during external and internal rotation and extension of shoulder. After 4 weeks of the training, the post-tests were repeated.The one way ANCOVA was showed that the amount of electrical activity of the selected shoulder girdle muscles after eight weeks of testing in both experimental groups in the post-test and after one month inactivity test were significantly improved than the pre-test Group corrective exercise with physioball (serratus anterior p= 0.001,17.14%, middle trapezius p=0.001,15.79% and rhomboids major p=0.001,14.81%), corrective exercise with kinesiotaping (serratus anterior p=0.001,17.14%, middle trapezius p=0.001,21.62% and rhomboids major p=0.001,20%) and durability in group of corrective exercise with physioball (serratus anterior p=0.001, 8.6%،, middle trapezius p=0.001, 7.9% and rhomboids major p=0.001, 7.4%) durability in group corrective exercise with kinesiotaping (serratus anterior p=0.001, 8.6%, middle trapezius p=0.001،16.2 % and rhomboids major p=0.001, 8%). Considering the results of the present research, it can be stated that corrective exercise programs with kinesio taping and physioball have an effect on the electrical activity and durability of selected shoulder girdle muscles and And these effects are lasting even after 4 weeks. It is suggested to use this program of corrective exercises for male students with upper crossed syndrome to improve their shoulder girdle muscles strength.
Negin Gilsamaei, Dr Seyd Sadredin Shojaedin, Dr Hassan Sadeghi,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
The prevalence of sports injuries in martial arts is high. Most Taekwondo injuries also occur in the lower extremities. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of a period of plyometric exercises, with and without stretching exercises, on knee valgus dynamics, flexibility and functional variables of elite female taekwondo athletes at risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. 45 elite female taekwondo athletes aged 15-25 years with anterior cruciate ligament injuries participated in this study. Knee valgus dynamics in squat movement were measured with KINOVEA software. Flexibility was measured with direct leg lift test and performance indicators were measured with Y-balance, three-step jump and error scoring system. The tests were conducted before and after eight weeks of plyometric exercises, along with the stretching exercises. Then, the data obtained were analyzed.There was a significant difference between the results of pre-test and post-test data measured in the two experimental groups (P ≥ 0.05). According to the stark differences based on the analyzed data, it is clearly evident that the group of athletes with plyometric exercises with stretching have obtained far superior results and outcome..Plyometric exercises with stretching had a significant effect on reducing the risk of injury, as well as increasing the flexibility and performance of elite female taekwondo athletes exposed to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Considering the vast improvements reported for the plyometric training group with stretching, it is recommended that these interventions be used to reduce the risk of injury and increase the performance of taekwondo practitioners.
Ghazal Mohammad Gholipour Aghdam, Dr Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh, Dr Hooman Minoonejad, Dr Elham Shirzad,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
Neurocognitive motor tasks have been shown to have an effective relationship with athletic performance and musculoskeletal injuries. Cognitive changes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery may lead to adverse knee biomechanical changes and an increased risk of secondary injury. This study aimed to compare the kinetics of athletes with a history of ACL reconstruction and those without injuries. A total of 30 professional male soccer players, comprising 15 anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction athletes who had returned to the performance and 15 healthy athletes, participated in this study. The subjects performed at least 5 drop landings with cognitive intervention to decide the landing point on the force plate. The maximum ground reaction force, time to stability and center of pressure with length of path index were calculated at the moment of landing. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the variables. The results indicated a significant difference in four variables: the maximum mean vertical ground reaction force in all landings (p = 0.04), the maximum mean vertical ground reaction force in the best landings (p = 0.01), the maximum average vertical ground reaction force in all landings (p = 0.01), and the maximum mean mediolateral ground reaction force in the best landings (p = 0.03). However, no statistical significance was observed in the variable of maximum time to stability in all landing classes (p > 0.05).The study findings suggest that impaired decision-making with cognitive interference during the flight phase may increase the risk of re-injury in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Mr Mojtaba Iranmanesh, Dr Mansour Sahebozamani, Dr Mohammadreza Amir Seifadini,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The shoulder complex as one of the most moving joints of the body frequently was used by overhead sports athletes. Thus, musculoskeletal screening such as assessment of the range of motion (ROM), and strength variables can be useful to injury prevention strategies and further the development of conditioning and rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this study is to compare selected variables and the ratio of ROM and strength in volleyball, handball, and badminton players. A total of 36 athletes with similar physical characteristics (volleyball: age=26.65±4.56 y, weight=91.07±7.91 kg, height=185.14±12.25 cm; handball: age=27.29±3.12 y, weight=90.11±6.38 kg, height=183.52±9.67 cm, and badminton: age=26.01±4.29 y, weight=87.85±4.59 kg, height=182.38±10.74 cm) were selected to participate in the current study. A Leighton flex meter and hand-held dynamometer were used respectively to measure the ratio of ROM and strength.The results showed that the mean ratio of external(ER) strength to internal (IR) strength and ER ROM to IR ROM were significantly different between the three groups. The post hoc test revealed that badminton athletes had significant differences in all of the measured variables to both volleyball and handball athletes. But there were no differences between volleyball and handball athletes.In conclusion, preseason screening is vital in achieving optimal values on these measures and may reduce future shoulder injuries in overhead athletes.
Ms Faezeh Gholami, Dr Manouchehr Haydari,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Mental fatigue is usually caused by long-term cognitive activities; in a way that reduces cognitive performance and leads to changes in functional activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a session of Swedish relaxation massage and meditation in controlling mental fatigue on reactive balance and Lower extremity function of amateur athletes. In this study, 16 female physical education athletes were purposefully selected as a sample based on the study entry criteria, and were subjected to mental fatigue protocol (45 minutes of cognitive activity (Stroop test)), Swedish relaxation massage (30 minutes) and meditation (30 minutes) with a time interval of 48 hours. Reactive balance was evaluated with Y test with automatic lights and, Lower extremity function was evaluated with single hop for distance, triple hop for distance, meter-6 and hop crossover-triple distance tests. Repeated analysis of variance test was used to check intra-group changes.The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of reactive balance and lower limb performance of the subjects when comparing the post-test of mental fatigue with the post-test of massage and meditation (P<0.05). Also, there is a significant difference between the subjects' scores comparing massage and meditation for reactive balance and body function (P<0.05).In order to prevent sports injuries in athletes, Swedish relaxation massage and meditation can be used as an intervention to speed up the recovery of mental fatigue and improve reactive balance and body function.
Dr Ramin Balochi, Dr Farideh Babakhani, Dr Mohamadreza Hatefi, Mr Hossien Hassanpor,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of core stability exercises on upper limb performance based on Y balance test, strength and range of motion of shoulder rotation in badminton athletes. 30 male badminton players were randomly assigned to two control (n=15) and experimental (n=15) groups. The experimental group performed the core stability training program for eight weeks, three sessions a week for 40 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Measurement of upper limb function was done by Y balance test, and also shoulder strength and internal and external rotation range of motion were measured by handheld dynamometer and goniometer respectively, before and after the intervention. The analysis of the data obtained from the research based on the ANCOVA statistical test showed that there is a significant difference in the average of the Y upper limb balance test between the two control and experimental groups in both dominant and non-dominant hands. which indicates the positive effect of core stability exercises on people's performance in performing the Y balance test (p<0.05); however, no statistical difference was observed in muscle strength and range of motion of external and internal rotation of the shoulder after the intervention. (p < 0.05). It seems that the provision of core stability training programs can be considered with the approach of increasing the performance of the upper limbs and, of course, preventing injuries in badminton players.
Mr Masoud Sebyani, Dr Hooman Minoonejad, Dr Elham Shirzad, Dr Mohammadhossein Alizadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The Prone Hip Extension test (PHE) is used to evaluate the quality of motor control in the lumbopelvic region. Because of the similarity of this test to the walking and running pattern, it seems that muscle interaction in this test is important in hamstring injury. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of changing the activation patterns of muscles in prone hip extension on kinematical variables affecting hamstring injury. 28 male soccer players participated in this study. The prone hip extension test was used to evaluate and classify subjects, and based on the activation pattern, they were divided into two groups: normal pattern (N=14) and altered pattern (N=14). We used the Myon electromyography device to evaluate the prone hip extension test muscles activation pattern. Also, the kinematic evaluation of running was done on a treadmill at a speed of 20 km/h. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional video analyses were used to extract kinematic data (pelvic tilt, trunk lateral flexion, and trunk flexion). The range of motion in a running cycle and the amount of each variable at the moment of initial foot contact were used. An Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. The results of this research showed that there is a significant difference in the amount of trunk lateral flexion (p= 0/002), and trunk flexion (p= 0/024) at the moment of the initial foot contact and the range of motion of trunk lateral flexion (p=0/019), and trunk flexion (p=0/035) and pelvic tilt (p=0/008) in a running cycle between the changed pattern group and the normal group. The results of this research showed that changing the pattern of muscle activation in the prone hip extension test can increase the risk of a hamstring injury.
Zahra Ghahremani, Hassan Daneshmandi, Mehrdad Anbarian,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the acute effect of warm-up protocols (general and post-activation potentiation) on vertical jump performance and jump-landing technique in female handball players with trunk dysfunction. Twelve trained female handball players with trunk dysfunction participated voluntarily in this study. Subjects randomly performed three different warm-up protocols on separate days: 1- general warm-up protocol, 2- general warm-up with 2 repetitions of dynamic half-squat at %90 of one repetition maximum, 3- general warm-up with 2 repetitions of static half-squat at %90 of one repetition maximum. In the fifth minutes of recovery period after 3 protocols, subjects performed vertical jump and the Landing Error Scoring System tests, and Landing Error Scoring System scores, valgus and flexion angles, and vertical jump height was assessed. ANOVA with repeated measures was used for statistical data analysis. The jump height increased significantly after performing the second and third protocols related to general warm-up (p=0.039, p=0.047 respectively), but there weren’t a significant difference in Landing Error Scoring System score, valgus and flexion angles for three protocols. It seems that the special warm-up method by post-activation potentiation can improve vertical jump performance without influencing Anterior cruciate ligament injury risk.
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini, Seyed Vahid Seyedazizi, Sahar Bala Khiyavi, Ali Keshtiaray,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
The researchers conducted the present study with the aim of investigating the pain and muscle disorders of patients with covid-19 with people who have experienced it. The research was applied and comparative. Samples were calculated using G-power of 303 people, and sports teachers were excluded from the research. The Nordic questionnaire was provided to Ardabil education and training employees after the investigation, the number of people with one year of identification and the number of 113 people with the age range of 30 to 45 years reported no reduction. Then, musculoskeletal disorders of 9 body areas in both groups were evaluated using descriptive statistics and chi-square test at a significance level of 0.01. The muscle pain of the affected group was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of the healthy group, and also based on the chi-square test, the amount of back and neck pain was 52% and 45%, respectively, in affected people compared to other organs. It was more meaningful. (P<0.01) noticed that there was no significant difference between the pain and discomfort of different organs in the non-observed group. Corona patients may experience pain, and the cause of it in the Nordic questionnaire, in addition to physical abnormalities and excessive muscle disease, can be from Corona disease; Therefore, the Nordic questionnaire should be used.
Narmin Ghanizadeh Hesar, Behnam Moradi, Marzieh Musa Gholizadeh Fallah,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
Upper-crossed syndrome is one of the most common disorders of the upper body, which is associated with 45-65% of shoulder pain. This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of corrective exercises focused on chain reactions, on scapular position, proprioception and shoulder functional stability of female students with UCS. 30 female students between 14 and 18 years of age in Urmia city who had the mentioned disorder were selected using the purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). A tape measure was used to evaluate the distance between the median of the sternum to the coracoid ridge and the posterior-lateral distance of the acromion to the thoracic vertebra (scapular position), the Layton flexometer to measure proprioception, the Y Balance Test to evaluate the function of the upper limb, and the goniometer, tape measure and flexible ruler, respectively were used to measure head and shoulder forward angle and kyphosis. Independent and dependent t-tests were used to compare inter-group and intra-group means, respectively. The present study showed that the effect of corrective exercises on scapular position, proprioception and shoulder functional stability of female students with UCS was significant.
Masoud Barzegar, Malihe Hadadnezhad, Sadredin Shojaedin, Amir Letafatkar, Rose Fouladi,
Volume 21, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
The aim of this research was effect of eight weeks of neuromuscular training (NMT) with and without cognitive-dual tasks (DTs) on proprioception and balance of athletes with ACL deficiency (ACL-D). 39 soccer players with ACL-D were selected purposefully and randomly divided into three groups of 13 (control group, neuromuscular training group and neuromuscular training with dual tasks group). Two training groups performed the exercises for eight weeks and three sessions per week. cognitive-motor dual tasks were performed in one of the groups along with neuromuscular exercises in the form of counting down numbers, memorizing numbers, calculating unexpected equations, specialized football skill movements. The results of the current study indicated that there was no significant difference in knee joint proprioception in the open and closed kinetic chain after applying the intervention between the three groups, but there was a significant difference in lower extremity performance of the athletes based on the Y balance test in the anterior and posterior-lateral direction between the three groups (p<0.05). It seems that providing neuromuscular exercises along with cognitive-dual tasks can probably be considered as a useful approach to improve lower extremity performance based on the Y balance test in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency.
Ehsan Tasoujian, Homman Minoonejad, Mr Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh, Shahrzad Zandi,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Purpose: Volleyball has a high potential for shoulder dyskinesia due to the repetitive nature of it’s movements, so the aim was to investigate electromyography analysis of shoulder girdle muscle in male volleyball players with different types of scapular dyskinesia while performing a floater serve.
Methods: The current research method is the causal-comparative type. 41 volleyball players were selected non-randomly and purposefully and were divided into three groups (n=13 Pattern I, n=13 Pattern II, n=13 without scapulae dyskinesia). Electromyography of serratus anterior, upper, middle, and lower trapezius was evaluated while performing a floater serve using MyoMuscle.
Results: The results showed that during the acceleration phase of the serving, there was a significant difference in EMG of the upper trapezius (p=0.009) and middle trapezius (p=0.01) between the pattern II and no-dyskinesia, and there was a significant difference in EMG of serratus anterior (p=0.007) and middle trapezius (p=0.01) between the pattern I and no-dyskinesia,
Conclusion: It seems that during the acceleration phase, volleyball players with pattern II experienced an abnormal increase in upper trapezius activity and inhibition of the middle trapezius activity, while probably volleyball players with pattern I experience inhibition the activity of the middle trapezius and serratus anterior.
Shiva Rahnemaye Bahari, Narmin Ghani Zadeh Hesar, Ebrahim Mohammad Ali Nasab Firouzjah,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Purpose: Today, many new exercises are offered to strengthen central stability muscles, and CXWORX exercises are one of them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CXWORX exercises on postural and functional stability, proprioception, strength and specific skill in basketball players with trunk defects.
Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental and applied type of research. 30 female basketball players with trunk defects were selected by available sampling and randomly placed in two groups. Trunk defects were evaluated through the tuck jump test, lower limb stability through the Flamingo test, functional stability of the upper limb and dynamic balance through the Y test. CXWORX exercises were performed for six weeks by the training group. dependent t-tests and covariance analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that six weeks CXWORX exercises have a significant effect on improving the stability of upper limb function (P<0.05), dynamic and static balance (P<0.05) and specific skill (P<0.05) in basketball players with trunk defects.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it is recommended that health and corrective exercise professionals utilize CXWORX training to enhance the sports efficiency, sports performance, and sport-specific skill of basketball players.
Mahsa Asgari, Zahra Raeisi,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Background and aim: The purpose of this study is to examine how eight weeks of general exercises (GEs) combined with cognitive functional therapy (CFT) affect women with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) in terms of pain, quality of life (QoL), and muscle endurance.
Methods: 45 women with CNSLBP participated in this study for eight weeks in three groups: GEs, GEs with CFT, and control. Pain, QoL and muscle endurance were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), SF-36 questionnaire, and Biering-Sorensen test, respectively. Mixed-model repeated measure test with repeated measurement design was used for data analysis.
Results: The results revealed a significant difference in the investigated variables between the pre-test and post-test for the intervention groups, but no difference was seen in the control group.
Discussion and final conclusion: The group of GEs combined with CFT distinguished itself significantly from the group of GEs in the comparison of the factors of physical performance, emotional health, and general health from sub-sections of QoL, and also muscular endurance. According to the results, it is recommended that women with CNSLBP use GEs in combination with CFT to reduce pain, improve QoL, and increase muscle endurance.
Dr Amir Letafatkar, Faranak Amini, Bahram Sheikhi,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a combination of pain neuroscience education and targeted cognitive motor control training with targeted cognitive motor control training alone in patients with chronic low back pain.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-four chronic low back pain patients (pain neuroscience education with targeted cognitive motor control training group, n=27 and targeted cognitive motor control training only group, n=27) participated in this study. Pain, disability, central sensitization inventory, and kinesiophobia were assessed at baseline and eight weeks after interventions. Repeated measures analysis of variance and linear mixed models were used to examine between-group differences.
Results: A significant group×time interaction effect was found for pain (p=0.008), central sensitization inventory (p=0.002) and kinesiophobia (p<0.001) in the pain neuroscience education with targeted cognitive motor control training group compared to the targeted cognitive motor control training only group after eight weeks. Main effects of time were observed for pain, disability, and fear of movement after interventions (p<0.001). No significant group×time interaction effects was found for disability (p=0.50).
Conclusions: This study’s findings support the provision of pain neuroscience education as a clinically effective addition to targeted cognitive motor control training in chronic low back pain patients.
