Showing 283 results for Type of Study: Research
Ehsan Ebrahimipour, Fereshteh Sabet, Shayan Hajebrahimi, Mohammadreza Seyfaddini,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in regulating various physiological functions of the human body and can impact the ability tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time of day on static and dynamic balance using the cognitive task approach. We recruited 24 elderly men who performed both static and dynamic balance tests with and without cognitive dual tasks. Our statistical analysis, using a significance level of 0.05, revealed significant differences in the parameters of the 95% confidence ellipse, length of path, and average velocity of the center of pressure when performing the dual task compared to normal walking. However, these variables did not significantly differ at different times of the day. Interestingly, our results showed that the center of pressure fluctuations in closed eyes and different times of the day did not have a significant difference. Overall, our findings suggest that healthy elderly individuals are at similar risk of falling during different hours of the day. Nonetheless, the simultaneous execution of dual cognitive tasks leads to balance disruption in both eyes-arm closed positions.
Ehsan Tasoujian, Homman Minoonejad, Mr Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh, Shahrzad Zandi,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Purpose: Volleyball has a high potential for shoulder dyskinesia due to the repetitive nature of it’s movements, so the aim was to investigate electromyography analysis of shoulder girdle muscle in male volleyball players with different types of scapular dyskinesia while performing a floater serve.
Methods: The current research method is the causal-comparative type. 41 volleyball players were selected non-randomly and purposefully and were divided into three groups (n=13 Pattern I, n=13 Pattern II, n=13 without scapulae dyskinesia). Electromyography of serratus anterior, upper, middle, and lower trapezius was evaluated while performing a floater serve using MyoMuscle.
Results: The results showed that during the acceleration phase of the serving, there was a significant difference in EMG of the upper trapezius (p=0.009) and middle trapezius (p=0.01) between the pattern II and no-dyskinesia, and there was a significant difference in EMG of serratus anterior (p=0.007) and middle trapezius (p=0.01) between the pattern I and no-dyskinesia,
Conclusion: It seems that during the acceleration phase, volleyball players with pattern II experienced an abnormal increase in upper trapezius activity and inhibition of the middle trapezius activity, while probably volleyball players with pattern I experience inhibition the activity of the middle trapezius and serratus anterior.
Shiva Rahnemaye Bahari, Narmin Ghani Zadeh Hesar, Ebrahim Mohammad Ali Nasab Firouzjah,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Purpose: Today, many new exercises are offered to strengthen central stability muscles, and CXWORX exercises are one of them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CXWORX exercises on postural and functional stability, proprioception, strength and specific skill in basketball players with trunk defects.
Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental and applied type of research. 30 female basketball players with trunk defects were selected by available sampling and randomly placed in two groups. Trunk defects were evaluated through the tuck jump test, lower limb stability through the Flamingo test, functional stability of the upper limb and dynamic balance through the Y test. CXWORX exercises were performed for six weeks by the training group. dependent t-tests and covariance analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that six weeks CXWORX exercises have a significant effect on improving the stability of upper limb function (P<0.05), dynamic and static balance (P<0.05) and specific skill (P<0.05) in basketball players with trunk defects.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it is recommended that health and corrective exercise professionals utilize CXWORX training to enhance the sports efficiency, sports performance, and sport-specific skill of basketball players.
Amir Fatollahi, Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Hamidreza Maghami,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Biomechanics is the knowledge that shows what forces enter the motion system of the human body and how it causes human movement. Therefore, the aim of this Meta-Analysis study was to review the studies conducted in the field of the effects of training on sand surface on biomechanics and physical fitness factors of human body during translational motions. The current study was a library and systematic review, the search for articles in Persian and Latin was from the beginning of the year 2000 to the end of 2023, which was done in the specialized databases of PubMed, WOS, Scopus, ISC and Google Scholar search engine. 568 related articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effects models. The findings of eight articles indicated the improvement of mucle activity during training on sand. Examining the findings of one article indicated positive effects of kinematic variabls during training on sand. A number of two articles also reported that the reduction of the ground reaction forces and impact shock. In addition, five articles reported the improvement of sports performance in athletes, the increase of physical fitness factors. In general, training on sand surface can have significant positive effects on people's daily and sport life. Further study is warranted.
Mahsa Asgari, Zahra Raeisi,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Background and aim: The purpose of this study is to examine how eight weeks of general exercises (GEs) combined with cognitive functional therapy (CFT) affect women with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) in terms of pain, quality of life (QoL), and muscle endurance.
Methods: 45 women with CNSLBP participated in this study for eight weeks in three groups: GEs, GEs with CFT, and control. Pain, QoL and muscle endurance were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), SF-36 questionnaire, and Biering-Sorensen test, respectively. Mixed-model repeated measure test with repeated measurement design was used for data analysis.
Results: The results revealed a significant difference in the investigated variables between the pre-test and post-test for the intervention groups, but no difference was seen in the control group.
Discussion and final conclusion: The group of GEs combined with CFT distinguished itself significantly from the group of GEs in the comparison of the factors of physical performance, emotional health, and general health from sub-sections of QoL, and also muscular endurance. According to the results, it is recommended that women with CNSLBP use GEs in combination with CFT to reduce pain, improve QoL, and increase muscle endurance.
Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Mohammad Hossein Mahboobi, Karim Azali Alamdari,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of combining aerobic exercise (AE) and vegetarian diet (VD) on blood pressure and body weight in adults with overweight and obesity. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar databases were searched until February 2023 for English articles, and 1065 articles were found. Meta-analyses were performed to compare the impact of aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet on body weight, blood pressure in adults with overweight and obesity. Data analysis was performed using random effect model and weighted mean differences (WMD). The results of meta-analysis of 25 studies with 10192 adults showed that combined aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet significantly decreased in body weight [WMD=-4.63, p=0.001] , systolic blood pressure [WMD=-6.94, p=0.001] , and diastolic blood pressure [WMD=-4.5, p=0.001] , in adults with overweight and obesity. Aerobic training alongside vegetarian diet as a non-medication approach for weight loss and blood pressure control in adults with overweight and/or obesity. In addition, aerobic exercise and vegetarian diet with both types of duration (less than 12 weeks and more than 12 weeks) cause a significant decrease in blood pressure in adults with overweight and obesity.
Masomeh Aghazadeh, Sakineh Aminnezhad,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
One of the ways to optimize sports activities is the use of nanotechnology. Silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles have valuable effects in improving sports performance of athletes. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of clothes containing silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the physiological responses and sports performance of female athletes. The statistical population of the research was women active in public sports in Maku city. The sample size was selected by random method and 10 female athletes (with an average age of 25.9, an average weight of 60 kg and a body mass index of 25.49) were selected. The effect of the treatments (sports activity with and without nano clothes) on endurance, moisture absorption, bacterial removal, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate of the athletes were investigated. The results showed that the use of clothes containing silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles increases their endurance. These clothes lead to an increase in bacteria removal in them. The clothes containing these nanoparticles were effective in reducing their blood pressure. It also improved moisture absorption in female athletes. In general, clothes containing silver nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles have an effect on reducing the physiological responses and sports performance of female athletes.
Dr Amir Letafatkar, Faranak Amini, Bahram Sheikhi,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a combination of pain neuroscience education and targeted cognitive motor control training with targeted cognitive motor control training alone in patients with chronic low back pain.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-four chronic low back pain patients (pain neuroscience education with targeted cognitive motor control training group, n=27 and targeted cognitive motor control training only group, n=27) participated in this study. Pain, disability, central sensitization inventory, and kinesiophobia were assessed at baseline and eight weeks after interventions. Repeated measures analysis of variance and linear mixed models were used to examine between-group differences.
Results: A significant group×time interaction effect was found for pain (p=0.008), central sensitization inventory (p=0.002) and kinesiophobia (p<0.001) in the pain neuroscience education with targeted cognitive motor control training group compared to the targeted cognitive motor control training only group after eight weeks. Main effects of time were observed for pain, disability, and fear of movement after interventions (p<0.001). No significant group×time interaction effects was found for disability (p=0.50).
Conclusions: This study’s findings support the provision of pain neuroscience education as a clinically effective addition to targeted cognitive motor control training in chronic low back pain patients.
Saeed Arsham,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the underlying mechanisms of age-related differences in postural control of 7-18 years old girls by determining the differences between different age groups and adults in their sensory preferences for compensatory responses. 118 non-athlete girls aged 7 to 18 were selected by available sampling and divided into four age groups: 7-9 (n=31), 10-12 (n=32), 13-15 (n=28), and 16-18 (n=27). A reference group of adults (n=28, Mean= 27.9 years) was examined for comparison. Sensory organization test (SOT) with computerized dynamic posturography was used to manipulate sensory inputs. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test showed a significant difference between all age groups in 6 test conditions (P<0.05). The use of somatosensory and vestibular sensory inputs to maintain balance was almost the same in different age groups, but significant differences were observed in the use of visual inputs. From the age of 13, the postural control performance of girls becomes similar to that of adults, which can be due to the delayed development of the visual system. In general, it seems that for perfect postural control, first the somatosensory sensory system and then the vestibular and visual systems mature.
Roghayeh Afzali Nasab Gorohi, Abdolhamid Daneshjoo, Mansour Sahebozamani,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feedback and feed forward neuromuscular training on balance and isometric strength in female basketball players with a high risk of injury in Kerman.20women basketball players of Kerman city purposely selected and who were randomly divided into two groups of feedback and feed forward and performed intervention for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. Dynamic balance and isometric knee strength was measured using Biodex system and MMT device. One way ANCOVA was used for data analyze. The results showed significant differences between pre-post test balance Overall Stability and internal/external balance and Anterior/Posterior balance (P=0.001).Significant difference was observed in the strength of quadriceps muscle and hamstring between the two groups of feedback and feed forward exercises (P≥0.05).Isometric Quadriceps strength and hamstring in the post- test showed an significantly improvement of in feedback and feedforward group compared to the pre-test (P=0.001).It can be concluded that neuromuscular training can enhanced balance and isometric strength, of women and training with feedback has more important than training with feedforward.
Danial Timaji, Farshad Ghazalian, Mandana Gholami, Hossein Abednatanzi,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
In order to remain competitive, athletes and coaches are constantly looking for ways to enhance performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HIFT training and hypoxia mask on maximum oxygen consumption and respiratory efficiency of the players of Iran's men's national ice hockey team. In this semi-experimental study, 14 players of the Iranian national ice hockey team were divided into two HIFT and HIFT exercise with hypoxia mask groups, then both HIFT groups and HIFT exercise with hypoxia mask, performed HIFT training sessions with 30 seconds repetition and five sets for about an hour, three sessions a week for six weeks. maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and respiratory efficiency (vE/VCO2) were measured using gas analyzer. The results showed that HIFT and HIFT with hypoxia mask have an increasing effect on VO2max, but there was no difference between the effect of HIFT and HIFT with hypoxia mask on VO2max (P=0.390). vE/VCO2 decreased in both groups, but there was no difference between the effect of HIFT training and hypoxia mask on vE/VCO2 (P<0.05).
According to the similar respiratory performance benefits, elite male ice hockey players can benefit from HIFT training.
Faeze Nemati, Mostafa Zareei, Morteza Barzegar Bafrouei,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention program on the performance of elite female kabaddi players. Given the debilitating consequences of ACL injuries, the primary aim is to evaluate the effects of an eight-week prevention program on improving the performance of these athletes. This quasi-experimental research was conducted on 27 elite female kabaddi players (aged 18 to 24 years), who were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent an eight-week injury prevention training program. The tests included T-test, 20-meter run, Y-balance test, flexibility, hopping, and movement screening. Data analysis was performed using Levene's test and ANCOVA. The results of the ANCOVA indicated that the intervention group scored significantly better than the control group in the Y-balance test for both the right (p=0.002) and left (p=0.001) legs, single-leg hopping (right leg: p=0.004 and left leg: p=0.001), crossover hopping for the right leg (p=0.023), and the sit-and-reach flexibility test (p=0.003). However, no significant differences were observed in the speed, agility, triple hopping, and functional movement screening (FMS) tests. Results: The findings suggest that the eight-week PEP program has a significant impact on dynamic balance for both the right and left legs, hopping (single-leg and crossover hopping for the right leg), and hamstring and lower back flexibility in elite female kabaddi players. However, it did not have a significant effect on left leg hopping, speed, agility, or FMS scores.
Maryam Ghorbani, Rasoul Yaali,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was the effect of Pilates exercises on balance and proprioception in female students. 98 female students voluntarily participated in this study. Of these, 91 healthy students were placed in the experimental group and 7 students with sports exemption were placed in the control group. The position senses of ankle and knee joints was measured using the active reconstruction test of the ankle and knee angles and static balance was measured using the Sharpened Romberg test before and after 16 intervention sessions. The results of Wilcoxon test showed that in the experimental group, static balance increased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test. The position sense of dorsiflexion, plantarflexion of ankle joint and knee flexion position sense in the experimental group increased significantly in the post-test. Also, the results of the covariance test showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test in the variables of static balance and position sense of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of ankle and position sense of knee flexion that according to the adjusted average, the experimental group performed better than the control group. The results showed that Pilates exercises are suitable for improving ankle and knee proprioception and improving postural control in teenagers and young adults.
Mohadeseh Ashrafizadeh, Ali Asghar Norasteh,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
Jumping motor tasks in people with motor control defects are probably associated with incomplete movement patterns, which can be related to non-collision injuries of the lower limbs. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the eight-week training program of feedback on the biomechanical variables of athletes with selected motor control defects in landing jump tasks.
The present study is a randomized clinical trial study before and after the intervention. 34 male recreational athletes with movement control defects were selected based on the study criteria and then randomly assigned to control and feedback groups. To analyze the data, two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni statistical tests were used for each movement task at a significance level of P < 0.05.
The results of the study indicated an increase in the electrical activity of the VM and GM muscles in different phases of jumping in the feedback group. Also, the feedback group showed a decrease in knee valgus angle in the frontal plane (P < 0.05).
The results of the present study showed that feedback can be used to correct incomplete movement patterns in jump-landing tasks.
Mohammadreza Rahimi, Neda Boroushak,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
This study focuses on the design, construction, and validation of a digital-adjustable, weight-free home fitness device for muscle training. The research adopted a mixed-methods approach, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the device's performance. Initially, existing equipment and resistance training methods were analyzed, gathering essential information for the preliminary design. Three-dimensional models and prototypes were developed using software such as Rhino Cross 6 and AutoCAD 2018. For validation, the device’s resistance was tested with a digital dynamometer in eight different settings, yielding a high validity with a correlation coefficient of 0.9. The reliability of the device was also assessed across three exercises (seated leg extension, seated chest press, and seated biceps curl) with 10 kg weights, repeated five times, resulting in a reliability coefficient of 0.8. These results indicate the device's high accuracy and consistent resistance. With precise digital adjustments and the capability for varied strength exercises, this device enables users to conduct effective, high-quality workouts at home, contributing to muscle strengthening and improved fitness.
Fereshteh Shahidi, Hamide Ahmadi, Majid Kashef,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
PRAS40 is expressed in all types of body tissues and is present in the muscle growth pathway and has multiple phosphorylation sites. Studies have shown that PRAS40 plays a role in regulating cell growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of resistance training and whey protein supplementation on PRAS40 and biceps hypertrophy in male Wistar rats
Method:This developmental experimental study was carried out in 1402 year. 23 eight-week-old male Wistar rats (250 grams) were randomly divided into three groups: resistance training, resistance training+ supplement, and control. After two weeks of orientation, the training groups completed six weeks of resistance training, climbing the ladder five days a week. The training +supplement group received whey protein (2.05 g/kg dose) through gavage. 48 hours after the last training, a blood sample was taken and the gastrocnemius muscle was removed, frizzed, and saved to evaluate the expression of the PRAS40 gene.
Findings: Six weeks of resistance training with whey supplement caused a significant decrease in PRAS40 gene expression and an increase in body and muscle weight in the exercise and supplement + exercise groups.
Conclusion: The resistance training protocol along with her supplement can lead to muscle hypertrophy and activate the anabolic pathways in the muscle through the suppression of the PRAS40 pathway.
Mohamad Fashi, Afshin Seraji,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of regular physical activity on the amino acid profile of individuals living in the provinces affected by dust particles in Iran. Methods: There were a total of 50 inactive healthy men, with an average age of 31.64±1.5 years and a body mass index of 26.33±5.6, from three provinces in Iran: Khuzestan (n=15), Ilam (n=15), and Kermanshah (n=20) randomly assigned to two control and regular physical activity groups. Prior to the study, 48 hours prior to the occurrence of dust particles, and after the study amino acids, fat percentage, maximum oxygen consumption, were measured. Results: It was found that time (pre-test - May 12, 2023) had a significant effect on amino acids, maximum oxygen consumption, body fat percentage in the training group (p<0.05). In the control group, there was no significant difference in the amino acid, maximum oxygen consumption, body fat percentage, (p>0.05). In terms of body fat percentage, there was a significant difference between the control and exercise groups (p=0.01), as well as maximum oxygen consumption (p=0.01). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that regular exercise training reduce dust particle damage in those exposed to dust particles.
Mohammad Kalantariyan, Samaneh Samadi , Ramin Beyranvand,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the changes in static and dynamic balance and proprioceptive accuracy of knee and ankle joints of young taekwondo athletes before and after applying the fatigue protocol. The current research is semi-experimental. The research subjects were 20 teenage male taekwondo players (17/86±4/4 year, 174/37±5/2 cm, 65/61±6/1 kg) from the statistical population. Static and dynamic balance variables were measured respectively by Stork's static balance test and Y dynamic balance test, as well as the proprioception of the ankle and knee joints at 10 degrees of ankle dorsiflexion and 30 degrees of knee flexion, by the photographic method. Then the functional fatigue protocol was applied. After finishing the fatigue protocol, all the variables evaluated again. The results of the paired t-test showed that after applying the fatigue protocol, there is a significant difference between the average of static (P=0.028) and dynamic balance in all three anterior (P=0.001), posterior-medial (P=0.012) and posterior-lateral (P=0.009) directions as well as proprioceptive accuracy of knee joint (P=0.003) and ankle joint (P=0.001).
It is recommended to all taekwondo coaches and athletes, to perform specialized training exercises in the field of taekwondo and according to the age of teenagers.
Leila Ghazaleh, Farahnaz Salar, Fatemeh Sharifi,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of fatigue induced by endurance running and sprinting on the knee muscle co-contraction in active young women. Methodology: Thirteen active young women (20-30 years, BMI 20-25kg/m2) were randomly selected. Subjects performed fatigue protocols during two sessions with a four-day interval. The activity of the vastus-medialis and vastus-lateralis muscles was detected using an electromyography device before and after running 400-meter and 3000-meter during the execution of knee extension and their co-contraction was calculated. Two-way repeated measure was used to analyze the data. Results: There was no significant difference between the co-contraction of the selected muscles before and after sprinting (p=0.3) and endurance running (p=0.19) and no significant difference (p=0.85) between the difference in co-contraction rate in the pre-test and post-test of sprinting and endurance running. Conclusion: Since there was no difference between the effect of fatigue caused by sprinting and endurance running on the co-contraction of the selected muscles, likely, the involvement of central factors in the appearance of fatigue caused by 400-meter sprinting and 3000-meter endurance running is similar and insignificant. The emergence of fatigue after implementing both protocols may be more due to environmental factors.
Reza Khazaei, Mansour Sahebozamani, Ehsanolla Habibi, Khosro Jalali Dehkordi, Nafise Pishgooie, Banafsheh Parvaresh,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims:The necessity and importance of such research, especially among the young is quite tangible. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks of corrective selected exercise and combination kinesiotaping and tera band training on the kyphosis angle of adolescent boys with kyphosis. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, spinal deformity information of 36 boy students in gym of Esfahan city, 15-18year participated in this study. Then boy student’s participated in an 8-week corrective selected exercise and Combination of Kinesiotaping and Teraband، the end their deformity were evaluated again.For data analysis descriptive statistics ، T tests and SPSS Software was used.The angleof kyphosis in pre-test (48/8± 0/9) after using corrective selected exercise have had a significant reduction (46/9±0/8). Angle of kyphosis in pre-test (49. 1 ± 0.7) after using Combination of Kinesiotaping and Teraband have had a significant reduction (46/97±0/8). Conclusion:corrective exercises alone or in combination with new methods of training, the subjects had a positive impact on improving the kyphosis. But according to the results of this study, no significant difference was found between the corrective exercises with the combined method.
