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Sports Talent Based On Genetic Profile: Narrative Review
Kia Ranjbar,
Volume 23, Issue 29 (7-2025)
Abstract 
Introduction: The purpose of the present study is to introduce and examine several genes that are related to people's sports performance and can be effective in their selection and selection in their favorite sports field. Various factors of physical fitness and training ability have been investigated along with the risk of sports injury and mental fitness of athletes.
Findings: The sports performance of people and the monitoring of sports exercises have been influenced by the vast genetic map and environmental interventions. In the present study, the performance of the aerobic system with the ACE gene and its different alleles, the strength and power performance of people with the ACTN3 gene, and the risk of injury of people with different genes such as COL1A1, COL5A1, Tenascin (TNC), apolipoprotein E and blood groups were investigated. It is a prediction; also, the trainability and mental preparation of people in the talent search process can be predicted and possibly measured by genetic knowledge. On the other hand, using the knowledge of genetics and genetic profiles of athletes can be useful for detecting genetic and cellular doping and help organizations that work in the prevention of doping, such as WADA.
Conclusion: The combination of genetic knowledge and environmental interventions play an effective role not only in discussing an athlete's talent, but also in monitoring and improving their performance. While genetics can play a significant role, the prediction of sports success based on genetic knowledge has been limited to a specific set of genes. However, developing this knowledge and identifying more genes that can aid in talent identification and exercise monitoring requires further research.

Examining Adaptation In The Response Of Stimulatory And Inhibitory Genes Of Angiogenesis After Resistance Exercise Intervention In Older Adults’ Men
Sajad Karami, Hamid Rajabi, Fereshteh Shahidi, Fereshteh Golab,
Volume 23, Issue 29 (7-2025)
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: Age-related changes in the expression of angiogenesis-stimulating and inhibitory genes are characteristics of aging and endothelial dysfunction. Aerobic exercise can stop or reduce this disorder. Considering the importance of resistance training in the rehabilitation of the elderly, the aim of this study was to investigate the compatibility of the response of the stimulating and inhibiting factors of angiogenesis after resistance exercise intervention in the elderly. Methodology: 24 elderly men with an average age of 67.75 years were selected in an accessible and purposeful manner. Blood samples were taken before and after a resistance activity session before and after 8 weeks of resistance training. Real Time PCR method was used to express HIF-1, VEGF, SDF-1 and VEGI genes in blood tissue. The difference in the values of the variables was evaluated by the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurement of mixed design at the level of P≤0.05 using SPSS software version 25. Findings: HIF-1, VEGF and SDF-1 gene expression levels of the training group increased in the stages of the primary post-test (after one session), secondary pre-test and secondary post-test (after 8 weeks of training) and VEGI had no gene expression. Discussion and conclusion: It can be cautiously said that although one session of resistance training leads to gene expression of angiogenesis factors, long-term resistance training with sufficient intensity and volume can It activates the rate of angiogenesis in a much wider range and should be considered as a supplement to aerobic exercises in old age.

Effect Of insulin Resistance On Substrate Selection During Exercise In Inactive Diabetic Cbese Women
Rohollh Nikooie, Bahareh Hajmalek, Dariush Moflehi, Amir Nejad Vaziri,
Volume 23, Issue 30 (1-2026)
Abstract
Aim: This semi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of insulin resistance on substrate selection during exercise in obese diabetic women.
Methods: 24 inactive obese women, including control (C; n=8,BMI=31.03±1.18), non-insulin resistance (NIR;n=8,BMI=30.91±0.78), and insulin resistance (IR, n=8,BMI=31.57±0.91) groups, were purposely selected and performed a standard incremental test with an initial workload of 50 W and increased in the workload of 20 W every three minutes. Respiratory gases were collected throughout the test. Cross-over point (COP), a point at which the metabolic substrate changes from fat to carbohydrates, and FATmax point at which fat has the highest contribution to energy supply, were determined. Heart rate and oxygen consumption corresponding to COP and FATmax, points were calculated and compared among the groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: In both diabetic groups, heart rate (P<0.001) and oxygen consumption (P<0.001) corresponding to COP were significantly lower compared to the C. Both variables had lower values in the IR compared to the NIR (P<0.001). In both diabetic groups, oxygen consumption corresponding to the FATmax point was significantly lower compared to the C (P<0.001) and had lower values in IR compared to the NIR (P<0.001).
Conclusion: In general, the results of the present study showed that insulin resistance is associated with more reliance on carbohydrates and diminished fat oxidation at submaximal exercise intensities.

Effects Of 10-Session Dual Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) On Professional Swimmers Performance, Mental Toughness And Perceived Exertion
Mina Khantan, Behrouz Abdoli, Alireza Farsi,
Volume 23, Issue 30 (1-2026)
Abstract
Aim: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is one of the newest methods in order to improve the athletic performance and mental preparation of professional athletes. In this study, we investigated the effects of 10-session unihemispheric concurrent dual-site anodal-tDCS (a-tDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), on swimming performance, mental toughness (MT) and perceived exertion.
Methods: 20 male professional swimmers (Age: 19.00±2.86 yrs) were randomly divided into tDCS (n=10) and sham (n=10) groups. On the first day, the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), next day, the 100-meter freestyle swimming performance test, and the rate of perceived exertion scale (RPE) were evaluated as pre-tests. From the third day, 10 sessions of tDCS were applied, each session a current of 2mA for 20 min, half an hour after the usual swimming exercise, three days a week. 48 hrs following 10th session of tDCS, evaluations were repeated. ANCOVA was used for statistical analysis.
Result: After 10 sessions of tDCS, swimming performance improved significantly; The total MT score increased significantly and no significant change was observed in RPE.
Conclusion: Based on this, multi-session tDCS combined with regular training is recommended to improve swimmers performance and psychological aspects that could be considered as a brain conditioning method to increase mental toughness and sports performance.

The Effect Of Six Weeks Of TRX Training On Serum GDNF Protein Level Of Elderly Women
Mojtaba Salehpour, Faezeh Rezvani, Farzane Hatami,
Volume 23, Issue 30 (1-2026)
Abstract
Background: GDNF protein that is effective in neurocognitive plasticity and sarcopenia, increases with resistance training. The aim of the research is the effect of six weeks of TRX training on the GDNF protein level in the serum of elderly women.
Materials and methods: The purpose of the research is applied with a semi-experimental method including pre-test-post-test with control group.28 elderly women from retirement center of Teacher Training University,Shahid Rajaei, were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=15) with an average age of 60.86±5.60,BMI 27.65±4.22 ,control group (n=13) with an average age of 64.38±4.03,BMI 28.33 ± 2.18. In the first and last weeks, upper and lower body strength tests and GDNF protein levels were measured by ELISA kit .Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of data distribution,Levin test for homogeneity of variances,one-way analysis of covariance test (P<0.05) were performed to test hypotheses with spss24 software.
Results: Covariance analysis of upper and lower body strength were significantly different between groups (P<0.05).In adjusted averages,the GDNF protein level in the experimental group (443.102±15.751) is significantly higher than the control group (209.756±17.029)(P<0.05).
Conclusion: Six weeks of TRX training had a significant effect on the amount of GDNF protein, upper and lower body strength of elderly women, and can probably be effective in reducing or delaying sarcopenia.

The Effect Of Eight Weeks Circuit Resistance Training On Serum Levels BDNF And TNF-α In Sedentary Postmenopausal Women
Elham Shakoor, Sadegh Amani, Ahmad Ghasemian, Ahmad Mehrez,
Volume 23, Issue 30 (1-2026)
Abstract
Aim: Resistance exercises are suggested as a non-drug treatment to improve the complications of menopause (cognitive-nervous and inflammatory problems). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Circuit resistance training on the serum levels of BDNF and TNF-α in sedentary postmenopausal women.
methods: In this semi-experimental research, 30 postmenopausal women (age 54±3 years, body mass index 27.6±1.97 kg/m2) living in Tehran were randomly selected and assigned to two groups, Circuit resistance training groups (n=15) and control groups (n=15). Circuit Resistance training was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week including 12 stations for the whole body with an intensity of 40-75%, one maximum repetition in three sets with repetitions between 8-12. 24 hours before and after the intervention, fasting blood was taken to measure BDNF and TNF-a were performed. Repeated measures ANOVA statistical method was used to analyze the data.
Results: In the resistance training group, compared to the control group, there was a significant increase in the levels of BDNF (%13.99) and a significant decrease in the levels of TNF-a (%32.92) (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the present study, it seems that low-to-moderate Circuit resistance training with increased BDNF and decreased TNF-a was able to improve cognitive-neural and inflammatory factors in postmenopausal women.

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