Showing 36 results for Ee
R Shiri, H Nikbakht, M Gholami, Kh Ebrahim,
Volume 18, Issue 19 (7-2020)
Abstract
Time under Tension of muscle is one of the variables of strength training that contributes to its adaptation. The present study was conducted the effects of six weeks of resistance training with the varying Time under Tension of muscle on VEGF and endosotene serum levels in healthy young women. This study was conducted on 20 female students (22.65±2.03years) Subjects were randomly and equally assigned to two groups with a Time under Tension of 1s- 1s(Normal Speed Contraction) and 3s- 3s (slow Speed Contraction). The exercise load was the same in both groups and resistance training was done in a circular manner for six weeks, three days a week in eight stations. Blood samples were taken from the subjects to study research variables before the training period and 48h after the last session of the training. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis at a significant level of P≤0.05. There was no significant difference between the serum levels of VEGF and endostein in both groups (P≥0.05). In the strength test, the SSC group experienced increase power further. However, there was no difference between the two groups in indicators related to angiogenesis for six weeks and most probably, for this indicator needed more training time, but practice with more Time under Tension (3s- 3s) can lead to increase power further.
N Jamali, Kh Khayambashi, Sh Lenjannejadian, H Esmaeili,
Volume 18, Issue 19 (7-2020)
Abstract
Although hip muscle strengthening has been reported as an effective way to decrease PFPS symptoms, however its effect on lower extremity kinematics is less clear. The current study was done with the aim of investigating the effect of hip abductor and external rotator muscles strengthening exercises on lower extremity kinematics in static and dynamic states. In a randomized controlled trial, 33 patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) were randomly assigned into exercise (8 female, 30±6.8 y/o, 23.8±2.6 BMI and 8 male, 31.2±7 y/o, 25.6±1.5 BMI) and control (9 female, 29.9±7.3 y/o, 23.2±3.2 BMI and 8 male, 32±6 y/o, 25.5±1.9 BMI) groups. In exercise group they received hip abductor and external rotator strengthening exercises by thera-band 3 times per week for 12 weeks under supervision by a physiotherapist. The control group did not receive any training intervention. Hip muscles strength and kinematics in static and dynamic states, were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA by using SPSS were applied to assess the effects of the exercise on measured variables (α=0/05). After 12 weeks of strengthening program, by an increase in abductor muscle strength in women from 19.6 to 26.4 %BW (P=0.000) and in men from 29.9 to 38.1 %BW (P=0.003), and in hip external rotator muscles in women from 13.2 to 16.9 %BW (P=0.024) and in men from 26.3 to 34.9 %BW (P=0.000), dynamic knee valgus angle during single-legged squat improved in women from 170 to 174.6 degrees (P=0.018) and in men from 171.8 to 176.8 degrees (P=0.017) and contralateral pelvic drop angle during stair descending improved only in women from 7.9 to 6 degrees (P=0.04) in the exercise group. No significant difference was observed at quadriceps angle (P≥0.05). The findings suggest that hip muscles strengthening can alter the lower extremity kinematics, in dynamic state, at the frontal plane, and it might be said that due to these changes following hip abductor and external rotator muscles strengthening exercises by thera-band, the symptoms of PFP improve more consistent.
Soroush Shah Hosseini, Amir Hossein Barati, Mohammad Hossein Nasermeli, Mohsen Moradi,
Volume 18, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
Given that more than 50 percent of patellofemoral pain syndrome include of overuse injuries, the aim of this study was to compare the vastus medialis muscle activity in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome after a period of strength and flexibility training with and without the electrophysiological feedback. A total of 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women) participated in this study. Subjects were divided into three group's control, therapeutic and therapeutic with electrophysiological feedback. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the activity of vastus medialis muscle in between groups. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in the activity of the vastus medialis muscle activity (P <0.05). The results of Tukey's post hoc test for intra-group comparisons showed that there was a significant difference between the control group with the therapeutic group (P = 0.024), the control group with the therapeutic group and the electrophysiological feedback (P=0.028) and the therapeutic group with the therapeutic group and the electrophysiological feedback (P<0.001). Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study, therapeutic exercises with electrophysiological feedback have a greater effect on the activity of vastus medialis than the therapeutic group in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
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Volume 19, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
Aim: Neuropathy control and management is an objective in therapeutic exercises prescribed for patients with Type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy. We examined the effects of 12-week integrated exercises (IE) on glycemic control and peripheral sensation criteria in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Methods: Based on scores of MNSI, we assigned 40 patients into two equal paired random groups (control vs. IE). Pre and post-tests were administered before and after three months of intervention for 3 sessions per week with a time of 60 minutes in the first week and gradually increased with the duration and volume of training to 90 minutes in the final session.
Results: Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant interaction between FBS of the groups (P = .26), but significant interactions were observed between the levels of 2 hrs pp G , 4 pm G, HbA1c, Diapason, Monofilament, and Thermofeel in favor of the IE group (P <.05). Conclusion: At the beginning of the IE, we used massage and foam roller to release pain, and improve blood circulation as well as sensation in the neuropathic areas. This may have helped the patients perform the aerobic and resistance exercises more easily Therefore, better glycemic control and peripheral sensation was achieved. Verification of the long-term effects of this training strategy requires further study.
Vahideh Ranjbari, Mehdi Rafei Borujeni, Shahram Lenjannejadian,
Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction and aim: The kinematic analysis of elite athletes’ performance is an important method to determine effective parameters of sport performances. The purpose of the present study was to compare kinematic characteristics of the upper extremity in adolescence and adult players in three-step shoot in Handball. Methods: Nine elite adult handball players working in the Super League (23.55 ± 2.69 years) and ten teen handball players (16.4 ± 0.69 years) participated in this study. The pictures related to the final stage of the shoot were recorded three dimensionally and analyzed by a graphic interface in MATLAB software. The data related to the angular position, angular velocity and peak angular velocity and position corresponding to the upper limb joints of athletes, including the wrist, elbow and shoulder were obtained. Statistical data were used for analysis through student t-test for two independent groups with significance level p ≥ 0.05 in order to compare two groups. Findings: There were significant differences between two groups in angular position of elbow joint during extension at maximum angular velocity and linear velocity of the ball at the time of the release. Conclusion: it seems that other factors than cinematic characteristics such as anthropometric characteristics along with muscle strength in adult are important to get the maximum velocity of ball release.
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Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Given the widespread trade in some sports, a misjudging decision can not only have huge financial consequences for competitors, but also affect the event itself. The overall purpose of this study was to determine the role of information technology and perceived organizational support on the performance of the referees of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia: to investigate the mediating role of job satisfaction and self-efficacy. Methods: This is a descriptive research, correlation model, based on structural equation modeling, and its type. The statistical population of the study consisted of all referees and assistant referees present at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, of which 111 referees were 35 middle referees, 63 assistant referees and 13 video assistant referees. Results: The results showed that information technology, perceived organizational support and self-interest have a significant positive effect on the performance of the referees of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Job satisfaction does not have a significant effect on the performance of the referees of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Conclusion: Information technology is an effective and facilitating factor in arbitrators' decisions, so it is suggested to provide technological infrastructure in order to improve the instant decisions of arbitrators on a larger scale.
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Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Considering the prevalence of pain and disability in the knee joint, the present study investigated the effect of core stability training with improving knee joint proprioception on balance, pain and functional disability of women with chronic knee pain. 20 women aged 30 to 50 with chronic knee pain were placed in two experimental and control groups. To measure static and dynamic balance, pain and functional disability, the stork balance tests, Y, VAS and VOMACK questionnaire were used, respectively. Exercises were followed for eight weeks in the experimental group. To evaluate the research hypotheses, the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements was used in spss software version 24. The results showed that before the exercise protocol, there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups in any of the measured variables. While the eight-week training protocol caused a significant difference in static and dynamic balance, functional disability and pain between the control and experimental groups. Therefore, core stability training with improving knee joint proprioception increase balance in people with chronic knee pain, which can reduce the risk of falling in these people and improve the quality of life by improving pain and functional disability.
Saeed Arsham, Tahereh Rahimi, Malihe Sarabandi,
Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction and aim: Physical activity and especially the motor proficiency of children have been studied from different aspects. The purpose of the present study was to determine the correlation among Functional Movement Screening scores with motor proficiency and physical activity levels of children aged 10 to 13 (Mean=11.72, SD=0.932) in Tehran province. Methods: In this descriptive study of correlation, all the children of primary schools in Tehran province were considered as the study population, from which 94 girls were selected by cluster random method. Their motor proficiency, physical activity levels, and functional movement were evaluated with Bruininks Oseretsky test-Short Form (BOT-2), International Physical Activity Questionnaire- Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and Functional Movement Screening test (FMS) respectively. Findings: The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that there is a significant relationship between the scores of the children's functional movement screening test and their BOT-2 total score (P=0.000), but the correlation between the total score of the functional movement screening test and the total score of the physical activity levels was not significant (P=0.267). Conclusion: In general, due to the existence of a significant relationship between functional movement and motor proficiency, the next step is to use early interventions and study their effect on improving children's performance and motor proficiency.
Mr Mojtaba Sadeghi, Dr Hamid Rajabi, Dr Farzad Nazem,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was determine the effect of upper body plyometric training on anaerobic power and record of 25 meters front crawl performance in 10 years old swimmer boys. 16 swimmer boys chosen voluntarily (The mean age was 9.9 ± 0.7 years ، weight 45.9 ±9 kg , Height 149.8 ± 5 cm، BMI is 19.20 ± 3 Kg / m 2 ) And Subjects divided into two groups of training (n=8) and control(n=8).Before and after the implementation of the protocol investigate test 25 meters front crawl performance at the distance 10, 20 and 25 metrs and the number of hand strocke to check the performance of the swimming also anaerobic hand wingiting test function was evaluated. To analyze data, used the covariance test.The results showed six weeks upper body plyometric training Performance Indicators an hands Front crawl Including Peak power increased Significantly (18%) but the average power increase (7%) was not significant (p>0.05). Also, Swimming performance at of 10 meters) 8% (,10 to 20)6%( and 25 meters distance( 3/80%) growth in compare to control group that was significant(p <0.05) As well as in the number of hand strocke, Plyometric training group although had growth in swim 10 meters (11%), 10-20 meters (7.5%) and in 25 meters distance (5.33%) but the isnt significance (p>0.05). results indicate that six week upper body plyometric traning to an increase and improvement in the measured parameters, and can be used as a complementary training method in young swimmers.
Mrs Sedigheh Nosrati Abarghoee, Mrs Fatemeh Nematian, Dr Roohangiz Norouzinia, Mrs Fatemeh Edalat, Mrs Dorrin Nikbakht,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Nurses, especially nurses in the intensive care unit, experience significant job stress that can endanger their health and cause a decrease in their sleep quality and happiness, and as a result, the quality of care for patients, and considering that the working conditions of the nurses in the intensive care unit Especially, it is in a way that increases emotional pressure and sad mood. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of online Pilates exercise on the quality of sleep and happiness of nurses in the intensive care unit.
The study was a quasi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with two intervention and control groups and was conducted on 70 female nurses with an average age of 30.14±3.26. The intervention was held online in 8 sessions (3 sessions per week, 50 minutes in the afternoon in the form of warm-up exercises, main exercises and cooling down). Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and Oxford Happiness Questionnaires and analyzed with spss 23 software and chi-square, t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests. At the beginning of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. But at the end of the intervention, the average score of total sleep quality (p=0.045) and happiness (p=0.0001) showed a significant improvement in the intervention group.To improve physical and mental health, improve the quality of life, sleep and happiness, classical Pilates exercise can be recommended to be included in daily programs.
Dr Malihe Aveseh, Dr Maryam Koushkie Jahromi, Dr Javad Nemati, Dr Saeed Esmaeili Mahani,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Lactate has been recently considered as a signaling factor involved in metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lactate entrance into the brain on endurance training-induced adaptations in lipid oxidation.
24 male rats (age: 8 weeks, weight: 197 ± 21 g) were divided into control (C), trained (T), and traind+4-CIN (T+4-CIN, which experienced the inhibition of lactate entrance into the brain during exercise). All animals performed a single session of acute endurance exercise following their 12-weeks training protocol. Free fatty acids (FFA) and triglyceride content in plasma and adipose tissue and cAMP and Inositol triphosphate (PI3) content in epididymal fat were measured immediately after acute exercise using ELISA and were compared among the groups by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Acute exercise significantly increased lactate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (SCF) in both T and T+4-CIN compared to the C group. Lactate concentration was slightly lower in T + 4-CIN compared to the T. Immediately after acute endurance training, a significant decrease of 61 and 31% in plasma triglyceride levels, a significant decrease of 39 and 26% in adipose tissue triglyceride levels, a significant increase of 125 and 56% in plasma FFA levels, a significant increase of 217 and 125% increase in FFA plasma levels, a significant increase of 87 and 41% in adipose tissue cAMP levels, and a significant increase of 90 and 49% in adipose tissue inositol triphosphate levels was observed in the T and T+4-CIN compared to the control group, respectively (all P < 0.01). Plasma triglyceride and adipose tissue levels in the 4-CIN + training group were significantly higher and plasma and adipose tissue FFA levels were significantly lower (all P < 0.05) than the values found in the T group. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that lactate can be effective on endurance training-induced adaptations in lipid oxidation due to its action in the brain.
Mr Reza Asadi, Dr Mohammad Reza Kordi, Dr Fatemeh Shabkhiz,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Neurodegenerative processes play an important role in the progression of MS. Appropriate exercise training and living in an enriched environment (EE) can improve or prevent the progression of the disease through the secretion of some neurodevelopmental factors in the hippocampus, including irisin and the neutrophic factor derived from the mouse. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of aerobic and resistance training and EE on irisin protein and hippocampus BDNF levels in female C57BL6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). 50 female mice (age 8 weeks, average weight 18 ± 2 grams) were randomly divided into five equal groups (10 mice in each group): 1- healthy control, 2- control + EAE, 3- resistance activity + EAE, 4- Aerobic activity + EAE and 5- EE + EAE. The first and second weeks of adaptation to the environment and then induction of EAE were performed. The training groups trained 5 days a week for half an hour a day for 4 weeks, and the EE group was transferred to its equipped cage. 48 hours after the last training session, the mice were anesthetized and then dissected and tissue removed. The ELISA method was used to measure the amounts of proteins, and the analysis of variance and Tukey's t-test were used to determine the differences between the research variables. All analyzes were performed at a significance level of 0.05 and with SPSS22 software. Hippocampal BDNF expression was increased in all three training groups compared to the EAE control group. This increase in the EE and resistance training group was significant compared to both the EAE control group and the swimming training group. Also, hippocampal irisin expression increased in all three training groups compared to the EAE control group, and this increase was significant in the EE and resistance training groups. Also, the expression of irisin in the EE group increased more than the two aerobic swimming and resistance training groups, and this increase was proportional to It was meaningful to the swimming aerobic training group. It seems that EE and resistance training can increase the secretion of nerve growth factors such as irisin and BDNF and thus help to improve MS disease.
Roghayeh Afzali Nasab Gorohi, Abdolhamid Daneshjoo, Mansour Sahebozamani,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feedback and feed forward neuromuscular training on balance and isometric strength in female basketball players with a high risk of injury in Kerman.20women basketball players of Kerman city purposely selected and who were randomly divided into two groups of feedback and feed forward and performed intervention for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. Dynamic balance and isometric knee strength was measured using Biodex system and MMT device. One way ANCOVA was used for data analyze. The results showed significant differences between pre-post test balance Overall Stability and internal/external balance and Anterior/Posterior balance (P=0.001).Significant difference was observed in the strength of quadriceps muscle and hamstring between the two groups of feedback and feed forward exercises (P≥0.05).Isometric Quadriceps strength and hamstring in the post- test showed an significantly improvement of in feedback and feedforward group compared to the pre-test (P=0.001).It can be concluded that neuromuscular training can enhanced balance and isometric strength, of women and training with feedback has more important than training with feedforward.
Faeze Nemati, Mostafa Zareei, Morteza Barzegar Bafrouei,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention program on the performance of elite female kabaddi players. Given the debilitating consequences of ACL injuries, the primary aim is to evaluate the effects of an eight-week prevention program on improving the performance of these athletes. This quasi-experimental research was conducted on 27 elite female kabaddi players (aged 18 to 24 years), who were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent an eight-week injury prevention training program. The tests included T-test, 20-meter run, Y-balance test, flexibility, hopping, and movement screening. Data analysis was performed using Levene's test and ANCOVA. The results of the ANCOVA indicated that the intervention group scored significantly better than the control group in the Y-balance test for both the right (p=0.002) and left (p=0.001) legs, single-leg hopping (right leg: p=0.004 and left leg: p=0.001), crossover hopping for the right leg (p=0.023), and the sit-and-reach flexibility test (p=0.003). However, no significant differences were observed in the speed, agility, triple hopping, and functional movement screening (FMS) tests. Results: The findings suggest that the eight-week PEP program has a significant impact on dynamic balance for both the right and left legs, hopping (single-leg and crossover hopping for the right leg), and hamstring and lower back flexibility in elite female kabaddi players. However, it did not have a significant effect on left leg hopping, speed, agility, or FMS scores.
Mohadeseh Ashrafizadeh, Ali Asghar Norasteh,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
Jumping motor tasks in people with motor control defects are probably associated with incomplete movement patterns, which can be related to non-collision injuries of the lower limbs. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the eight-week training program of feedback on the biomechanical variables of athletes with selected motor control defects in landing jump tasks.
The present study is a randomized clinical trial study before and after the intervention. 34 male recreational athletes with movement control defects were selected based on the study criteria and then randomly assigned to control and feedback groups. To analyze the data, two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni statistical tests were used for each movement task at a significance level of P < 0.05.
The results of the study indicated an increase in the electrical activity of the VM and GM muscles in different phases of jumping in the feedback group. Also, the feedback group showed a decrease in knee valgus angle in the frontal plane (P < 0.05).
The results of the present study showed that feedback can be used to correct incomplete movement patterns in jump-landing tasks.
Leila Ghazaleh, Farahnaz Salar, Fatemeh Sharifi,
Volume 22, Issue 28 (12-2024)
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of fatigue induced by endurance running and sprinting on the knee muscle co-contraction in active young women. Methodology: Thirteen active young women (20-30 years, BMI 20-25kg/m2) were randomly selected. Subjects performed fatigue protocols during two sessions with a four-day interval. The activity of the vastus-medialis and vastus-lateralis muscles was detected using an electromyography device before and after running 400-meter and 3000-meter during the execution of knee extension and their co-contraction was calculated. Two-way repeated measure was used to analyze the data. Results: There was no significant difference between the co-contraction of the selected muscles before and after sprinting (p=0.3) and endurance running (p=0.19) and no significant difference (p=0.85) between the difference in co-contraction rate in the pre-test and post-test of sprinting and endurance running. Conclusion: Since there was no difference between the effect of fatigue caused by sprinting and endurance running on the co-contraction of the selected muscles, likely, the involvement of central factors in the appearance of fatigue caused by 400-meter sprinting and 3000-meter endurance running is similar and insignificant. The emergence of fatigue after implementing both protocols may be more due to environmental factors.
