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Fatima Riyahi, Heydar Sadeghi, Elham Shirzad,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
The fencing lunge is one of the most common and fundamental attacking moves in fencing. The aim of this study was to provide kinematical compare of upper extremity among elite female and male senior fencers when performing a lunge. Four female and four male members of Iran National Team were selected as research sample. The participants were filmed when performing a complete lunge with a camera of 300 Hz sampling rate to evaluate kinematical parameters. The student's-t test revealed that elite male fencers had significantly shorter reaction and movement time comparing with elite female fencers. No major differences in other kinematic parameters indicate that elite male and female fencers performed lunge in similar way. The final conclusion of this study is that the existing differences in time of lunge technique may suggest the need for alternative training strategies to prepare fencing athletes.The examination of the kinematic analysis of the upper body in male and female elite fencers demonstrated that the dissimilarity in the execution speed of the lunge technique between the two genders cannot be accounted for by kinematic changes in joint movements. The differences highlighted in this study can serve as a basis for formulating distinct training and coaching strategies, with the aim of better preparing athletes for decision making and quick movements.
Ehsan Tasoujian, Homman Minoonejad, Mr Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh, Shahrzad Zandi,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Purpose: Volleyball has a high potential for shoulder dyskinesia due to the repetitive nature of it’s movements, so the aim was to investigate electromyography analysis of shoulder girdle muscle in male volleyball players with different types of scapular dyskinesia while performing a floater serve.
Methods: The current research method is the causal-comparative type. 41 volleyball players were selected non-randomly and purposefully and were divided into three groups (n=13 Pattern I, n=13 Pattern II, n=13 without scapulae dyskinesia). Electromyography of serratus anterior, upper, middle, and lower trapezius was evaluated while performing a floater serve using MyoMuscle.
Results: The results showed that during the acceleration phase of the serving, there was a significant difference in EMG of the upper trapezius (p=0.009) and middle trapezius (p=0.01) between the pattern II and no-dyskinesia, and there was a significant difference in EMG of serratus anterior (p=0.007) and middle trapezius (p=0.01) between the pattern I and no-dyskinesia,
Conclusion: It seems that during the acceleration phase, volleyball players with pattern II experienced an abnormal increase in upper trapezius activity and inhibition of the middle trapezius activity, while probably volleyball players with pattern I experience inhibition the activity of the middle trapezius and serratus anterior.
Elmira Ahmadi, Shahnaz Shahrbanian, Mohamadreza Kordi, Reza Gharakhanlou, Gregory Pearcey,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The imbalance of inflammatory cytokines in the brain causes mental fatigue. It is believed that aerobic exercise may moderate the level of inflammation of cytokines and thus reduce mental fatigue. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swimming aerobic training on pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin 6) and anti-inflammatory factors (interleukin 10) to evaluate mental fatigue in the brains of female mice after EAE induction. In this research, 21 mice (8 weeks old, 18 to 20 grams) were divided into three groups: healthy control, EAE control, and EAE swimming aerobic exercise. The animals in the training group performed moderate-intensity swimming exercises for 4 weeks, with 5 sessions per week, each session lasting 30 minutes. The western blot method was used to analyze the research variables. The results showed no significant difference in the amount of IL-6 between the EAE group and the swimming training group, but the amount of IL-10 in the swimming training group showed a significant increase compared to the EAE group. The ratio of IL-10/IL-6 values between the swimming training group and the EAE group was also not significant. It seems that moderate-intensity swimming aerobic exercises, without changing the pro-inflammatory factor, along with increasing the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, can lead to an improvement in the balance of the inflammatory index and a reduction in fatigue in the EAE group and the swimming exercise group.
Farshid Aghabeigi, Mohammad Karimizadeh Ardakani, Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh, Hooman Minoonejad,
Volume 23, Issue 29 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The purpose of this research was to design and implement a system for the surveillance of sports injuries in students. Methods: Sports injuries of male and female high school students in Ilam province were recorded by physical education teachers using online methods and paper forms during one academic semester. At the end, a questionnaire was used to survey them regarding these methods. The research is of a descriptive-comparative type and Chi-square (x2) was used at the significance level (P<0.05) to analyze the results.
Results: A total of 151 injuries were reported, of which 76 injuries (50.4 percent) were registered with the online method, 70 injuries (46.3 percent) with the online paper method, and 5 injuries (3.3 percent) with the paper method. Online registration (146 injuries) is significantly more used than paper registration (75 injuries) (p=0.001).
Conclusion: physical education teachers give the reasons for using the online method more: availability, easier working with it, and recovery It is easier to record information. On the other hand, they mentioned the interruption and slowness of the internet speed as things that can cause disruption. According to the results, it seems that the use of online methods is more effective in registering sports injuries in schools.
Samira Emadi, Shahnaz Shahrbanian, Mohammadreza Kordi, Mahdieh Molanouri Shamsi,
Volume 23, Issue 29 (7-2025)
Abstract
Introduction:Disruption of the homeostasis of immune regulatory mediators Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Ornithine decarboxylase-1(ODC-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical activities play a role in controlling and improving the symptoms of MS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of physical activity in enriched movement environment on the gene expression of AhR and ODC-1 in the cerebellum tissue of an MS mice model.
Method: This experimental study was conducted on 30 female C57BL/6 mice (age: 8 weeks and average weight: 18 ± 2). Mice were divided into 3 groups of 10 including 1) healthy control, 2) Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and 3) EAE + physical activity in enriched movement environment for 4 weeks. Clinical score were recorded daily from induction until 28 days. The gene expression of AhR and ODC-1 in the cerebellum was measured by RT-PCR method. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using one-way analysis of variance.
Results: Activity in the enriched movement environment significantly decreased the gene expression of AhR compared to the EAE group (P=0/02) and also decreased the gene expression of ODC-1, but it was not statistically significant (P=0/28). Also, the clinical score improved significantly after activity in the enriched movement environment (P= 0/001).
Conclusion: In general, it seems that lifestyle change and activity in enriched movement environment lead to the down regulation of the gene expression of AhR and ODC-1 in the cerebellum and improved the clinical score of animals with MS.
Hamidreza Zanguie, Mohammad Yousefi, Abbas Farjadpezeshk, Khorshid Bijari,
Volume 23, Issue 29 (7-2025)
Abstract
Aim: Most studies have compared the single-leg landing task in terms of biomechanical characteristics, especially kinematics and kinetics of movement planes, and concluded that reliability for knee valgus angles and hip adduction is moderate to excellent. However, no studies have been conducted on the reliability of different types of single-leg landing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review studies investigated the reliability of single-leg landing types to evaluate the biomechanics of the knee joint.
Methods: The relevant articles from valid databases with the keywords Single Leg Landing, Landing, Kinematic, Biomechanics, Return to Sport, Performance Test, Functional Test, Hop Test, Kinetic thematic search methods from 1995 to 2023 were examined.
Result: A total of 1022 articles were identified then duplicate studies were eliminated in the next stage, the titles and abstracts of the studies were reviewed and 439 studies were excluded due to inconsistency with the research question. Finally, only 9 articles that met the inclusion criteria were examined.
Conclusion: This study showed that different single-leg landing tasks for kinematic variables, including internal rotation, adduction, hip flexion, knee extension, knee valgus, trunk lateral flexion, and pelvic tilt have good reliability.
