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Reliability of Body Landmarks Analyzer for Measuring the Quadriceps Angle
Dr Mohammad Yousefi, Mr Hamidreza Zanguie,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
Genovarum and Genovalgum are the most common postural deformities of the knee joint. A quadriceps angle is used to measure these anomalies. Methods of measuring this angle are divided into two categories: invasive and non-invasive. The purpose of the present research was to study the inter/intra rater reliability of the non-invasive Body Landmarks Analyzer method for measuring of the quadriceps angle. Seventeen males (Age: 23.40 ± 1.7 years, height: 176.32 ± 6.41 cm, weight: 72.25 ± 14.6 kg, and BMI: 22.33 ± 1.38, kg/m2). participated in this study. Body landmarks analyzer system consists of a pen (sender) and camera (receiver), both of which are equipped with IR sensors. Anatomical Landmarks of the ASIS, medial and lateral epicondyle, tibial tuberosity, and medial and lateral malleolus were used to diagnose and calculate the quadriceps angle position. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) two-way mixed model on absolute agreement was used to identify the inter/intra raters’ reliability. The results showed that the intra-rater reliability for the first technician was 0.83; The second technician is 0.81 and the third technician is 0.8. In addition, the inter-rater reliability was also 0.85. Therefore, it can be stated that the Body Landmark Analyzer method has good reliability for use in the extraction of knee joint abnormalities. Therefore, it can be suggested that this system be used along with other non-invasive methods.
 

The Effect of One Period Core Stability Eexercise with and without Kinesio Taping on Biomechanical Effective Factors in Lower Cross Syndrome on Female
Nafise-Sadat Shahamiri, Dr Mohammad-Ali Soleiman-Fallah, Dr Foad Feizolahi,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
The aim of this study is the effect of one period core stability exercise with and without kinesio taping on biomechanical effective factors in lower cross syndrome on female. 36 female between 30 to 40 were randomly divided in to 3 groups (control, with taping and without taping).  each group consist 12 participant. To measure Pelvic slope, Hip and Knee ROM, Isometric strength of flexors and extensors, Abdominal muscle endurance, Flexibility of spine extensors, Endurance of core muscles, respectively was used Inclinometer, Goniometer, Dynamometer, Body flection test, Body straightening test and Planck test to the side. To evaluate research hypotheses, if there is a significant difference between them we was used analysis of covariance test and multiple comparison in averages with post hoc bonferroni test. The result of the survey indicate that  difference between taping and control groups were significant in pelvic slope, hamstring and rectus femoris flexibility, knee and hip flexors muscle strength )p≥0/05(. Difference between without taping and control groups were significant in pelvic slope, rectus femoris and spine extensors flexibility (p≥0/05(. Difference between with and with¬out taping groups were significant in hamstring and iliopsoas flexibility, knee flexors, hip flexors, extensors, adductors strength, core muscles endurance )p≥0/05(. The results show that training with taping has an effective role on reducing lower cross syndrome. So it is suggested that taping can be used as an non-aggressive and low-cost method at the same time with exercise.

The Effect Of Time Of Day On Postural Control Of The Elderly With Open And Closed Eyes: With A Cognitive Dual-Task Approach
Ehsan Ebrahimipour, Fereshteh Sabet, Shayan Hajebrahimi, Mohammadreza Seyfaddini,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in regulating various physiological functions of the human body and can impact the ability tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time of day on static and dynamic balance using the cognitive task approach. We recruited 24 elderly men who performed both static and dynamic balance tests with and without cognitive dual tasks. Our statistical analysis, using a significance level of 0.05, revealed significant differences in the parameters of the 95% confidence ellipse, length of path, and average velocity of the center of pressure when performing the dual task compared to normal walking. However, these variables did not significantly differ at different times of the day. Interestingly, our results showed that the center of pressure fluctuations in closed eyes and different times of the day did not have a significant difference. Overall, our findings suggest that healthy elderly individuals are at similar risk of falling during different hours of the day. Nonetheless, the simultaneous execution of dual cognitive tasks leads to balance disruption in both eyes-arm closed positions.

Effects of training on sand surface on biomechanics of individuals during translational motions: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Amir Fatollahi, Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Hamidreza Maghami,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
Biomechanics is the knowledge that shows what forces enter the motion system of the human body and how it causes human movement. Therefore, the aim of this Meta-Analysis study was to review the studies conducted in the field of the effects of training on sand surface on biomechanics and physical fitness factors of human body during translational motions. The current study was a library and systematic review, the search for articles in Persian and Latin was from the beginning of the year 2000 to the end of 2023, which was done in the specialized databases of PubMed, WOS, Scopus, ISC and Google Scholar search engine. 568 related articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effects models. The findings of eight articles indicated the improvement of mucle activity during training on sand. Examining the findings of one article indicated positive effects of kinematic variabls during training on sand. A number of two articles also reported that the reduction of the ground reaction forces and impact shock. In addition, five articles reported the improvement of sports performance in athletes, the increase of physical fitness factors. In general, training on sand surface can have significant positive effects on people's daily and sport life. Further study is warranted.

 
The Role Of Sensory Manipulation In Postural Control Responses: A Developmental Study
Saeed Arsham,
Volume 22, Issue 27 (8-2024)
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the underlying mechanisms of age-related differences in postural control of 7-18 years old girls by determining the differences between different age groups and adults in their sensory preferences for compensatory responses. 118 non-athlete girls aged 7 to 18 were selected by available sampling and divided into four age groups: 7-9 (n=31), 10-12 (n=32), 13-15 (n=28), and 16-18 (n=27). A reference group of adults (n=28, Mean= 27.9 years) was examined for comparison. Sensory organization test (SOT) with computerized dynamic posturography was used to manipulate sensory inputs. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test showed a significant difference between all age groups in 6 test conditions (P<0.05). The use of somatosensory and vestibular sensory inputs to maintain balance was almost the same in different age groups, but significant differences were observed in the use of visual inputs. From the age of 13, the postural control performance of girls becomes similar to that of adults, which can be due to the delayed development of the visual system. In general, it seems that for perfect postural control, first the somatosensory sensory system and then the vestibular and visual systems mature.
 

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