The study attempts to evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles on preventing the destruction of ovarian tissue in mice treated with isoniazid. In this experiment, 40 adult female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8) including: control group (no treatment), sham group (0.2 mg / kg normal saline), experimental group 1 (50mg / kg Ison-iazid), experimental group 2 (50mg / kg Isoniazid and 0.25mg/kg silver nanoparticles) and the experimental group 3 (50mg / kg isoniazid and 0.50mg / kg silver nanoparticles). All injections were prescribed for 15 days and Isoniazid and silver nano-particles were received orally and intraperitoneally, respectively. All the animals were operated on and their ovarian tissues were removed and placed in 10% formalin solution. Then H & E staining was performed for histological studies. In experimental groups 1, 2 and 3, reduction in the number of secondary follicles and corpus luteum was obse-rved in comparison with the control group. There was a significant increase in the number of primordial and graafian follicles in experimental group 3 when it was compared with isoniazid group. In addition, a significant increase was observed in the number of primary monolayer follicles in experimental groups 2 and 3 in comparison with the experi-mental group 1. It should be assumed that by the utilization of the minimum dose of the silver nanoparticles, its toxic effects on the ovarian tissue could be ignored. Therefore, the minimum dose of the silver nanoparticles can reduce the isoniazid effects on ovarian tissue.

Abstract. Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea), with 18 subspecies, has a wide distribution in deciduous forests of Eurasia. The subspecies S.e.persica is a resident bird in the Zagros Mountains, from north-west to south-west of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of this subspecies to European, Asian, as well as Caucasian clades. For this purpose, 10 individuals of two populations from Zagros forests in Kermansha and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces were captured and blood samples were collected. Furthermore, we used ND2 sequence data (1041 bp) for 136 sequnces from GenBank. were used from Then genetic variations and Genealogical analysis was calculated using complete ND2 gene sequence (1041bp) and TRN+G model, Bayesian trees and maximum likelihood, respectively. Also, median joining algorithm showed the relationships among haplotypes. We found four new haplotypes for the Zagros populations. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genetic distance between Zagros population and Caucasian clade was significantly small, demonstrating Zagros populations are part of the Caucasian clade. F_ST statistical values, resulted from Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), represented significant variations in genetic structure among Eurasian Nuthatch populations. Moreover, F_CT revealed significant variation among European, Asian, and Caucasian clades. Overall our result suggests that Eurasian Nuthatch populations in Eurasia comprise three phylogenetic species, and likely biological species. Hoewever, the previous nomenclatured subspecies, S.e.caucasian and S.e.persica, can be considered as a common phylogenetic species.

The present study aimed to increase the seed germination and the initial performance of pistachio seeds by investigating the effects of the magnetic field and osmopriming treatments simultaneously. 10 treatment levels of 10, 20 and 30 mT for 5, 15, 25 minutes and 1 control treatment (without exposure to a magnetic field) were performed in three replicates and the best level of magnetic surface was selected. The results showed that seeds subjected to the magnetic field showed an increase in plumule length, radicle length, total length of seedlings, fresh and dry weight of plumule as well as radicle and germination speed compared with the control treatment. However, there was no significant difference in the germination percentage and uniformity of seeds. Magnetized seeds, with the superior selective treatment (10 mT for 15 minutes), were primed with solutions of potassium nitrate, humic acid and salicylic acid at levels of 10, 25 and 40 mM and a control level (the best level of magnetism) in three replicates. The best result was obtained from humic acid (25 mM). With regard to the low cost of the purchase or construction of magnetic devices and their positive effects, their application could be recommended (10 mT for 15 minutes) combined with the humic acid (25 mM)) so that the quality of pistachio seedlings production would be increased.