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Ferroptosis, as a type of newly recognized iron-dependent programmed cell death, is closely related to aging. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of ferroptosis in the aging of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). GSE97311 dataset (containing expression data of fetal and adult MSCs) was analyzed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted. Then, among them, ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FRDEGs) were determined. In the next step, biological functions, protein-protein interactions, hub genes, upstream regulators, and inflammatory factors related to FRDEGs were analyzed using different bioinformatics methods. According to the analysis, 34 genes were identified as FRDEGs. Analysis of biological functions showed that these genes are mostly involved in oxidoreductase activities, fatty acid synthesis and response to iron ion. Also, the analyzes related to the signaling pathways also showed that these genes are mostly involved in the pathways related to types of cancers as well as fatty acid biosynthesis. According to the analysis, miR-26b-5p was identified as the most important miRNA and LINC00205 and GAS5 as the most important lncRNAs. Hub genes including HMOX1, EZH2, NEDD4L, PTGS2, CDKN2A, ATF3, NOX4, TXNIP, SNCA and MAPK3 were identified as the main genes of ferroptosis related to aging of MSCs. 

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Background: Nowadays, due to the increasing growth of production and consumption of nanoparticles, problems such as their entry into fersh waters and aquatic poisoning have arisen. Iron oxide nanoparticles are among the most widely used in this field. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a flowering plant belonging to the legume family, contains high amounts of protein, calcium, various vitamins and antioxidant effects. The aim of this research was to investigate the combined effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3)and alfalfa plant on growth parameters and pathology of digestive tract, liver and kidney of koi fish (an example of carp fish with a variety of colors and eye-catching effect).
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, the number of 60 koi fish larvae were randomly divided into 6 groups including the control group and 5 experimental groups. The effect of feeding koi fish larvae with biomar combined with 10% and 20% alfalfa and being exposed to iron oxide nanoparticles with a concentration of 100 mg/l for 14 days in 5 treatment groups was investigated in comparison with the control group. The collected data were analyzed by Excel and SPSS 20 statistical software.
 

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 O Using the Maxent model and presence data for two species, Androctonus crassicauda and A. sistanus, from the scorpions of Sistan and Baluchestan province, which were collected through sampling and reviewing previous studies in the region, predictions have been made regarding their potential distribution. The results of this research, which predicts some ecological characteristics of scorpions, showed that the distribution of both species is greater in the northern regions of the province, and this distribution is expected to increase in the future. The average temperature in the wettest season of the year (Bio8), the amount of precipitation in the coldest month of the year (Bio19), and vegetation have played a role in modeling the current distribution of the species A. crassicauda, while the average temperature in the wettest season of the year (Bio8), vegetation, and the annual temperature range (Bio7) have been significant for the future (2070). Precipitation in the driest month of the year (Bio18) and vegetation cover have the gr

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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of some bio-elicitors and silver nitrate on the content of secondary metabolites in calli derived from leaf explants of silybum marianum. In this research, the best callus was achieved on MS medium containing KIN, thus this medium was chosen for further experiment. In the second experiment, leaf explants were cultured in a selected hormone-regulated medium. After 8 weeks of callus growth, bio elicitors including yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, fungus Aspergillus niger, and bacterium Pseudomonas putida in combination with silver nitrate as a non-living elicitor were added to the leaf-derived calli. Ten days after treatment, the phenolic compound content, antioxidant capacity, silymarin content, and PAL enzyme activity in the calli were measured. The results indicate that the simultaneous application of Yarrowia yeast and silver nitrate led to an improvement in the content of phenolic derivatives, silymarin, and PAL enzyme activity, and this was significant compared to other elicitors both with silver nitrate and without it. The researchers of this experiment suggest that the combined use of bio-elicitors especially Yarrowia lipolytica yeast, and silver nitrateinduces higher synthesis of medicinal metabolites in calli derived from leaf explants. 

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In order to investigate the effect of drought stress (field capacity, 50 and 30% of field capacity) and foliar spraying with selenium and carbon quantum dots nanoparticles (zero and 2 mg L^-1) on the growth and some physiological traits of rosemary; A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of  completely randomized  design in the research greenhouse of Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University during 2023. Irrigation at field capacity and 50% of field capacity with carbon quantum dot spray increased the aerial part dry weight, nitrogen, and soluble solids content in the plant. The highest malondialdehyde content was observed in the 30% field capacity in the condition without foliar spraying. The proline content was increased by 50 and 30% field capacity with the application of carbon quantum dot nanoparticles. Field capacity treatments, 50 and 30% of field capacity with carbon quantum dot foliar application increased the essential oil content. Rlative water content, carotenoid, chlorophyll b and phosphorus content increased in the field capacity and 50% field capacity treatment with both nanoparticles foliar application. Overall, the results showed that the use of carbon quantum dot nanoparticles had a positive effect on the growth and physiological traits of plants under drought stress

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Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic multidrug-resistant pathogen that causes respiratory and urinary tract infections. Therefore, the development of an alternative drug against Acinetobacter is of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by a green method on the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii and the expression of the BfmR gene. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized in combination with Verbascum thapsus extract and their characteristics were determined by X-ray diffraction, spectrophotometry, TEM electron microscopy and zeta potential analysis. The antibacterial activity was investigatead by MIC analysis. Also, the effect of nanoparticles on the expression of the BfmR gene was investigated by real-time PCR. The prepared green nanoparticles had a size of about 30 nm. The MIC analysis showed that the nanoparticles have antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii. Gene expression results also indicate a mechanism of down-regulation of BfmR .also nanoparticles  leads to reduced biofilm formation. silver nanoparticles, have gained widespread popularity as antibacterial options due to their unique physical and chemical properties and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Nanoparticles obtained from flower extract can reduce BfmR gene expression, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation and exerting antibacterial effects.

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ERCC5 gene, is a key components of NER pathway and encodes a key endonuclease. In this study, we analyzed the association between rs2296147 T>C polymorphism of ERCC5 gene with the risk of breast cancer in a case-control study with statistical population consisting of 100 patients and 100 healthy controls by Tetra-ARMS PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using javastat online statistics package and SPSS V.26. The frequency of CC, CT, and TT genotypes in the case group, were 11.46%, 58.33%, and 30.21%, respectively and they were 22%, 44%, and 34% for the control group. Statistical analysis showed a significant association between CC (p-value=0.049) (OR=0.459, CI 95%=0.209-1.007) and CT genotype (p-value=0.045) (OR=1.782, CI 95%=1.012-3.139) with breast cancer risk. Also, C and T alleles frequency in the case group, were 40.62 % and 59.37% and those in the control group were 44 % and 56 % respectively. There was not any significant association between T (p-value=0.499) and C (p-value=0.499) alleles frequency and breast cancer risk in Northwestern Iran. Also, there was no significant association between this SNP frequency and patient’s pathological traits. In conclusion, our study indicated that ERCC5 rs2094258 polymorphism may contribute to the risk of breast cancer in northwestern of Iran.

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Abstract. Cucurbita pepo L. seeds are very important in nutrition and pharmaceutical industries due to high amounts of oil. To investigate the effects of biochar (zero, 5, and 10 tons per hectare) and foliar spraying with zinc nanoparticles (zero, 2, and 4 milligrams/ litter), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete blocks design, in the Farm. Fruit number and leaf Zn content were increased at 5 and 10 t/ha of biochar with both nano zinc foliar spray. Ten t/ha biochar treatments with both levels of nano Zn increased seed number per fruit, fruit yield, biological yield, harvest index, and plant oil yield. Five t/ha biochar with 4 mg/L of nano zinc and 10 t/ha biochar with foliar spraying with both nanoparticle concentrations increased hundred seed yield, biological yield, and chlorophyll index in the plant. The top amounts of phenolic content were observed in 5 and 10 t/ha biochar with 4mg/L of zinc nanoparticle spray. The relative water and anthocyanin content increased in 10 t/ha biochar. Overall, theresults of this study showed that the use of 10 t/ha biochar and foliarspraying of 2 and 4 mg/L zinc nanoparticles increased the yield and physiological characteristics of the plant.


 

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Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a kind of breast cancer that does not have any of the receptors that are commonly found in breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their related microRNAs (miRNAs) in TNBC. GSE113865 and GSE154255 were selected from GEO database. DEGs and differentially expressed miRNAs between normal and TNBC tissues were identified via GEO2R online tools and R program. STRING was used to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs. The hub genes, obtained using the cytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape. We used R program and Enrichr database to enrichment analysis of hub genes. Then intersection of predicted hub gene's miRNAs and differentially expressed miRNAs was investigated. UBE2C and SAA1 were the highest upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Six main hub genes were identified, including CDC20, DLGAP5, TPX2, UBE2C, TK1, and CDC45. All the mentioned genes were upregulated and enriched in cell cycle progression. Some hub genes such as TPX2, UBE2C, and TK1 were targeted by differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-3679 and miR-4530). In conclusion, knockdown of hub genes could be a targeted therapy for TNBC. 
 

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Arceuthobium oxycedri is commonly known as dwarf mistletoe and grows on and infects cypress species. The semi-parasitic plant was observed in three locations of Juniper Reza Abad in Semnan Province, Chahar Bagh Area of Gorgan and Zanjan Province. In this study, the anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of the species were evaluated to facilitate the identification of this semi-parasitic species in Golestan province. The outcomes of the analysis indicated that the estimation of infestation rate in dwarf shrub trees is unattainable through factors such as canopy percentage, stand gender, slope percentage, and slope orientation. Examination of the stem's transverse section revealed that, across all three elevations, there were no variations in brain size between the semicircular cross-section and the sink's thickness. Analysis of pollen demonstrated that every pollen grain is classified as Monad, exhibiting three to five deep and asymmetric grooves of varying sizes (tricolpate). In regards to their morphology, they exhibit an oblatespheroidal shape adorned with sharp exine decorations. Overall, given the novelty of this study on dwarf mistletoe species, the discoveries hold significant systematic implications for the identification of analogous species documented in alternative juniper habitats within Iran.
 

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Camelina (Cruciferae), is an oilseed. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer, non-toxic, and biocompatible which favors potentially broad application in biotic and abiotic stress. Iron is an essential micronutrient for almost all living organisms because it plays a critical role in metabolic processes respiration, and photosynthesis. In this research, examined the salinity (0, 8, 12, ds/m), (0, 5/12, 7/6 g/l) chitosan (0, 0.2, 0.4, g/l) and iron (0, 3, 6, g/l) based on a randomized block design with three replications. The sodium, root growth increased significantly in salinity. The irons and growth parameters decreased because the ionic ratio has been changed. Root increased to provide water. Due to the destructive effects of salinity, the increase of sodium has also affected other parameters and caused the decrease of iron and calcium. Stress has been reduced the shoot growth by affecting the growth of the plant. In this study, the interaction of salinity, chitosan, and iron, it was observed that the stem length, biomass, RWC, ions, carbohydrates increased and the root growth decreased. It has effect on RWC, regulating ions and compatible solutes, have been able to maintain the plant's conditions like stress-free conditions reduce the effects of salinity, and help plant growth.
 

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Deactivation of drugs by enzymes, especially UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT), is a reasons for resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of UGT1A3, UGT1A1 and UGT2B7 enzymes with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The structure of enzymes was made by homology modeling method and the structure of 300 tyrosine kinase inhibitors was obtained from Pubchem database. Molecular docking simulation was performed by PyRx 0.8 software and the complexes were sorted based on the most negative binding energy and zero RMSD and the amino acids involved in the binding were analyzed. In total, forty-five drugs were introduced as possible substrates of these three enzymes. The results showed that the binding site of these drugs were to the amino acids of the active site of the enzymes and the binding energy of the ligands to UGT1A1 was more negative than the other two enzymes. It can be suggested that the possible glucuronidation of these inhibitors by UGT enzymes can lead to two important events: first, their rapid removal from the blood circulation and creating drug resistance, and second, preventing bilirubin glucuronidation and increasing serum bilirubin level. Therefore, laboratory investigation of the relationship between these inhibitors and UGT enzymes can be necessary.
 

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Herbs such as wheat sprout are rich in antioxidants including vitamin E, thiamine, zinc, phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols, aminophenol and aminobenzoic acids. We investigated the protective effect of wheat sprout extract against lead acetate treatment of ovaries. Lead toxicity causes body weakness, disability and mental performance in children, deafness and blindness, reduction in sperm quality and decreased female fertility. We used 30 female adult Wistar rats divided into six groups: untreated control, 10 mg lead, 100 and 200 mg wheat sprout extracts, and lead plus 100 and 200 mg wheat sprout extract.  In comparison to control grpoup, The weight of the rat and ovaries were reduced in the 10 mg lead treated and the thickness of the inner and outer part of the ovarian capsule, and diameter and number of follicles were reduced, while the number of atretic follicles was increased. Wheat sprout extract can reverse the damage caused by lead in a dose dependent manner.

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Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers, causing significant mortality worldwide. Nepeta species, known for their distinct aroma and taste, have garnered attention in the food industry. Given their phenolic compounds, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Nepeta binaludensis and N. glomerulosa extracts on AGS gastric cancer cell lines and assess changes in BAX gene expression. Both species were collected from the Binalud Mountains in Khorasan, and their hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared via maceration. The amounts of caffeic acid and Rosmarinic acid were measured using HPLC. The extracts' cytotoxic effects were evaluated with the MTT assay, and apoptosis induction was assessed via DAPI staining. Changes in BAX gene expression were measured using real-time PCR. The IC50 values after 48 hours were 3.70 mg/mL for N. binaludensis extract and 6.92 mg/mL for N. glomerulosa extract. Apoptosis induction was observed under both treatments, but N. binaludensis extract, which contained higher Rosmarinic acid, significantly increased BAX expression compared to the control group. Thus, these extracts may inhibit gastric cancer cell growth, with N. binaludensis showing greater efficacy through BAX-mediated apoptosis induction compared to N. glomerulosa.

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Consumers in poor nations are at risk from foodborne infections. Nanotechnology may help find food-grade antimicrobials. This research compares the antibacterial effects of silver and copper nanoparticles (NPs) and sodium hypochlorite on food-contaminating pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Kluyveromyces marxianus. This work chemically produced silver and copper NPs. We discovered the produced nanoparticles' physical and chemical properties. SEM verified morphology and size. Synthesized copper and silver NPs were X-ray diffraction-analyzed. To assess the antibacterial activity of silver, copper NPs, and sodium hypochlorite, the MIC and MBC were defined. Diffusion tests from the well assessed nanoparticle antibacterial activity. SEM micrographs revealed copper and silver nanoparticles' spherical shape. This study found functional group stretching vibrations in silver and copper NPs using FTIR. XRD revealed copper and silver NP crystal structures. In the treatment of infections with varying silver and copper nanoparticle concentrations, non-growth halo indicated antibacterial efficacy. In addition, silver and copper nanoparticles have substantial MIC/MBC against the infections. Producing food packaging materials that are safe and long-lasting requires bacterial sensitivity to nanoparticles. This work synthesized silver and copper NPs to minimize food contamination and health hazards.

 

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The identification and introduction of medicinal plants hold significant importance in modern life. The genus Pycnocycla, belonging to the Apiaceae family, includes eight endemic species in Iran. P. spinosa has attracted attention due to its medicinal properties. This study aims to investigate the effect of three habitats (the Damghan, Semnan, and Kerman city) on the antimicrobial properties of extracts obtained from Pycnocycla spinosa using different solvents. To examine the antimicrobial properties, methanolic, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts at a concentration of 2 mg/ml were tested against two pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella enterica, using the agar disk diffusion method. The results indicated that the extracts had varying effects on the bacteria. Additionally, the different geographical regions of Iran, due to their distinct climatic conditions, exhibited varying effects on the bacteria. Extracts from Kerman, especially those using methanol and ethyl acetate as solvents, showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica. Therefore, the type of solvent and habitat can significantly influence the antimicrobial properties of plants.

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The cultivation project of Kelussia odoratissima in Central Zagros was initiated to promote the sustainable use of rangelands, develop economically viable secondary products, mitigate soil erosion, and support marginal farmers while preserving the habitat of this endangered species. A total of 85 participants in the Kelussia cultivation project were surveyed to identify the key motivational factors influencing their engagement. Using a logit regression model in Shazam software, the study found that the most significant factors at the 1% statistical level were the "desire to conduct new experiments" and the "willingness to participate in similar projects." Additionally, factors such as "satisfaction with received assistance," "agricultural experience," "education," "age," "marital status," and "gender (female)" were significant at the 5% level in influencing project acceptance. The highest Weighted Aggregated Elasticity was observed for the "desire to conduct new experiments" variable. A 1% increase in new project opportunities resulted in a 0.93% increase in participation willingness, while female participation increased the probability of engagement by 0.014%. Given the economic potential of rangelands, it is recommended that future studies examine the socio-economic factors influencing project acceptance to enhance sustainable conservation efforts.

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Ferula gummosa Boiss. as a valuable pharmaceutical and industrial plant grows in Iran. In order to minimize seed dormancy period and micropropagation, callus induction and embryogenesis were evaluated. The plantlets of the seeds were separated and cultured in the 1/2 MS medium. After 14 days, root, hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf explants were separated. Then they were transferred to the basal MS medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators. Different developmental stages of somatic embryos were evaluated. Seedlings 2-3 days after locating in 1/2 MS medium germinated and whole plantlets were obtained after 12 days. In the callus induction phase growth regulator composition 1.5 mgl^-1 of NAA and 0.5 mgl^-1 of BA with root explants had proper results. In the somatic embryogenesis phase MS medium containing 0.5 mgl^-1 of 2,4-D accompanied by 1 mgl^-1 of BA lead to desirable results. Via taken sections from the embryos, different developmental stages of somatic embryos including pre-embryo, globular, heart shaped, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo were observed. In vitro culture of embryo to accelerate germination and elimination of long dormancy period and using this optimized method are strongly suggested for micropropagation of this plant so this valuable endemic plant may survive from extinction, too.