Research in psychological health

Prediction the risk of obesity based on irrational beliefs, health locus of control and health-oriented lifestyle

Saeed Sadeghi

The increased prevalence of obesity has serious health problems around the world and so many variables increased possibility of overweight. This study aimed to investigate the role of irrational beliefs, health locus of control and health-oriented lifestyle in predicting the risk of obesity. This research had a case-control design. Population consisted of members of Iranshahr neighborhood in Tehran. Sample consisted of 100 patients and 100 healthy one which was mathch by each other. Data ware gatherd by health Irrational Beliefs Scale, multidimensional health locus of control and health promoting lifestyle profile. The results of this study showed that a correct prediction 74.5 percent of normal-weight people and 69 percent of people with obesity classes, the model was significantly reliable (P<0/001, df= 10 and chi-square= 65/69) and in total 72 percent of the predictions were correct. Irrational health beliefs, health locus of control and health-oriented lifestyle are capable to predict obesity. It could be concluded that changing lifestyle and health locus of control could be one of the main mechanisem for overcoming the risk of being overweight and obesity.

Effectiveness of Acceptance enhanced behavior therapy on Body Focused Repetitive Behavior Disorders (Trichotillomania, Skin Picking, Nail biting): A multiple baseline design with three month follow up

Paria Faroughi

Acceptance enhanced behavior therapy (AEBT) is a combination of Habit reversal and Acceptance –Commitment Therapy. In the present study the effectiveness of this treatment in reducing symptoms of patients with Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors ( BFRBS) as kind of Trichotillomania, Skin picking and Nail biting disorder was examined. This study used multiplebaseline design which was on of the single subject design. Treatment was conducted on the six patients (two patients for each disorder) through 10 sessions. after tratment session, patients were assessed after three month later. Data was gathered by Massachusetts Hospital – Hair pulling Scale, Skin Picking Scale questionnaire and Nail biting scale. Data were analyized by using visual acuity chart, recovery rate and clinical significance. Findings showed that AEBT could be effective in the treatment of patients with BFRBS. The treatment caused significant reduction in the patient’s symptoms and follow-up over three month revealed that the treatment effects were maintained. it seemed that adding acceptance based intervention to conventional behavioural therapy thechnique could be effective in reducing Body focused repetitive behaviors problems.

Relationships among Cyberbullying, psychological vulnerability and suicidal thoughts in female and male students

Masumeh shafiei

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship cyberbullying With psychological vulnerability and suicidal thoughts in female and male students. The method of the research was correlational. The population included the Lorestan University of medical sciences students in 2016-2017. Totally, 120 subjects were selected by the random stratified sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires included demographic information, psychological vulnerability, suicidal thoughts and cyberbullying. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and Fisher Z with Assistance SPSS-20 software. Girls haD more suicidal thoughts than boys.The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the correlation between the general score and the subjective components of cyberbullying (bullying and victimization). There is also a significant difference between the two groups in the variables of willingness to commit suicide with the victim and the desire for suicide with bullying. it could be argued that cyber harassment increase psychological vulnerability which was activated suicidal thoughts in uiniversity students. Thus, cyberbullying would be considered as a new interpersonal factor which may have a role in suicide thought among university students.

Comparison the effectiveness of Logotherapy Based on Rumi's Thought with acceptance and commitment therapy on the psychological well-being of elderly

Asghar noruzi

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of logotherapy based on Rumi's thoughts with acceptance and commitment therapy on the psychological well-being of the elderly. The research method was an experimental design (Pre‐test‐Post‐test Control Group Design). The population consisted of all elderly people who were 60 years old and older in Sari city in 2017, among them 66 elderly (46 women and 20 men) were selected using simple random sampling from elderly referred to centers rehabilitation of the daily welfare of elderly people in Sari city and assigned to experimental and control groups randomly. A psychological well-being questionnaire (Reef, 1989) was used to collect information. The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the logotherapy based on Rumi's thoughts and acceptance and commitment therapy can increase the psychological well-being of the elderly (P<0.01). Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two interventio. It could be argued that Rumi's thought could be enhance and flourish psychological treatment for the elderly.

Identification process related to development of body image in female adolescents’ users of cyberspace in Iran: A qualitative study

Mastane Moradhaseli

Body image is one of the primary elements constructing each person’s personality, which relies on the perception and feelings everyone has about their body. One of the influential factors affecting the evolution of body image is cyberspace. This study is aimed to investigate the influential factors on students’ body image as cyberspace users. The present research has applied a qualitative research approach, and has also examined the theoretical foundations. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview, through which 19 students aged from 8 to 13 were chosen as the sampling group via a three- staged codification process: open, central and selective process. Open codes included 49 concepts, and central codes were comprised of 9 categories as: the potentiality of being influenced by people, waning religious beliefs, lack of knowledge, the impact of extreme beautification (plastic surgery), the influence of publicity, cultural differences’ impact, the widespread usage of cyberspace, psychological factors and evolution of values. In the contemporary period, cyberspace has changed cultural norms about gender and body definition. If people follow the devised norms by cyberspace about body image, the developmental process of body image becomes more distorted.

Risky behavior, risky decision making, family functioning and lifestyle in people with HIV: Structural equation modeling

Fariba Ebrahim Babaee

Risk behaviors are more common in HIV-positive population than general population and are affected by various factors such as biological factors, lifestyle, family functioning and etc.. The aim of this research is to investigate how family functioning leads to risk behaviors in this population.
Methods: This research was conducted on 147 HIV-positive individuals and we used convenience sampling for data gathering. Sample size was chosen based on the questionnaire's subscales. We used Risk Behaviors Scale (RBS), FACESS, HPLP and balloon analogue risk test (BART), to assess risky decision making. The data were analyzed using Lisrel software and structural equation modeling method.
Findings: Findings suggests that there is a negative and meaningful relationship between family functioning and risk behaviors and un-direct effects were found because of two mediator factors of lifestyle and risky decision making.
Conclusion: Whatever family functioning becomes ameliorated, lifestyle improves and risky decision making declines and the possibility of risk behaviors will be reduced. Targeting family factors can be helpful to the interventions designed to reduce risk behaviors of HIV infected individuals.

Psychometric properties of attitude toward Medical Help-seeking scale

narges jalali farahani

This research is aimed to examine reliability and validity of the questionnaire which was about individuals' viewpoints on medical help-seeking. The method used in this study was test-type standardization; therefore, a descriptive, survey-type method has been applied. The statistical population includes 1100 students majoring in Psychology, studying at Payam-e- Noor University, South Tehran Branch, in 2016. A convenience-sampling method was used in this study, and 220 students were chosen out of the population mentioned. Cronbach 's Alpha Coefficient method was applied for data analysis; test-duplication was administered to assess validity. In order to examine the questionnaire’s reliability, both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and correlation coefficient were used. The amount obtained for Cronbach’s Alpha was 85%, and the amounts for re-examination and test duplication were .85 and .75respectively, thus it could be concluded that the questionnaire has an acceptable reliability. Both construct validity and concurrent validity were used to examine the questionnaire’s reliability. it can be said that the questionnaire has an appropriate validity based on variance scale. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the obtained factors make a significant model with their own elements and are properly acceptable. In this study, both construct and concurrent reliability were used to investigate the correlation between medical help-seeking and help-seeking behavior in general. According to the results obtained from The Pearson Correlation Coefficient, there has been a significant relationship between help-seeking and help-seeking behavior.